Humans To Mars Fifty Years Of Mission Planning 1950 2000
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Humans To Mars
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Author : David S. F. Portree
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2001
Humans To Mars written by David S. F. Portree and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with Space flight to Mars categories.
Humans To Mars
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Author : National Aeronautics Administration
language : en
Publisher: CreateSpace
Release Date : 2013-11
Humans To Mars written by National Aeronautics Administration and has been published by CreateSpace this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11 with categories.
"The story of the dreams and the unbuilt spaceships for flights to Mars should be recorded so that in the future people can examine past ideas of space travel just as we can examine the unconsummated ideas of Leonardo da Vinci by reading his notebooks. Years from now people should be able to decide for themselves whether they want to go to Mars or if they prefer to stay earthbound. But let us not destroy the dream, simply because we do not wish to pursue it ourselves." (Edward Ezell, 1979) In the past half century, visionary engineers have made increasingly realistic plans for launching astronauts to Mars to explore the planet. This monograph traces the evolution of these plans, taking into account such factors as on-going technological advancement and our improving knowledge of the red planet. More than 1,000 piloted Mars mission studies were conducted inside and outside NASA between about 1950 and 2000. Many were the product of NASA and industry study teams, while others were the work of committed individuals or private organizations. Due to space limitations, only 50 mission studies (one per year, or less than 5 percent of the total) are described in this monograph. The studies included are believed to be representative of most of the technologies and techniques associated with piloted Mars exploration. In addition to tracing the evolution of mission concepts, this monograph examines piloted Mars mission planning from a policy standpoint. Mars plans are affected by their societal context and by the policies that grow from that context. When the human species eventually decides to send a piloted mission to Mars, the political environment in which it develops will have at least as much impact on its shape as technology, human factors, and the Martian and interplanetary environments. Hence, it stands to benefit the space technologist to study the ways in which policy has shaped (and thwarted past Mars plans. This idea may seem obvious to some readers, yet the history of piloted Mars mission planning shows that this truism has often been ignored or imperfectly understood, usually to the detriment of Mars exploration. This history should be seen as a tool for building toward a future that includes piloted Mars exploration, not merely as a chronicle of events forgotten and plans unrealized. The author hopes to update and expand it in 15 or 20 years so that it tells a story culminating in the first piloted Mars mission. Perhaps a university student reading this monograph today will become a member of the first Mars mission crew tomorrow.
Humans To Mars
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Author : David S. F. Portree
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2000
Humans To Mars written by David S. F. Portree and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Space flight to Mars categories.
Humans To Mars Fifty Years Of Mission Planning 1950 2000
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Author : David Portree
language : en
Publisher: CreateSpace
Release Date : 2012-05-07
Humans To Mars Fifty Years Of Mission Planning 1950 2000 written by David Portree and has been published by CreateSpace this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-05-07 with categories.
The planet Mars has long held a special fascination and even mythic status for humans. While not the closest planet to Earth, scientists have considered it to be the planet that most closely resembles Earth and thus is the other planet in our solar system most likely to contain life. Since before the space age began, people have wondered about the "red planet" and dreamed of exploring it. In the twentieth century, robotic spacecraft and then human space flight became a reality. Those who wanted to explore Mars in person felt that this might finally become a reality as well. The Apollo program, which put twelve Americans on the surface of the Moon, certainly encouraged the dreamers and planners who wanted to send astronauts to Mars. Indeed, many people in and out of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) have felt that human exploration of Mars is the next logical step in human space flight after the Moon. Clearly, however, many obstacles have remained. Human travel to and from Mars probably would take many months at best. Thus the biomedical and psychological implications of such long-duration missions are daunting. The logistics of getting enough food, water, and other supplies to Mars are also challenging at best. What would astronauts do once they got to Mars? How long would they stay on the planet's surface and how would they survive there before returning to Earth? The financial cost of sending humans to Mars would almost surely be measured in billions of dollars. Aside from technical and financial issues, there remains the political question of why we should send humans to Mars at all. David Portree takes on these questions in this monograph. By examining the evolution of 50 mission studies over the past 50 years, he gives us a sense of the many options that Mars human space flight planners in the United States have explored. Portree covers a wide variety of ideas for human exploration of Mars, ranging from Wernher von Braun's of the 1950s to the Space Exploration Initiative of 1989. These concepts, culled from a much larger pool of studies, range from hugely ambitious flotilla-style expeditions to much leaner plans. This monograph provides historians, space policy practitioners, and other readers with a very valuable overview of how much planning has already been done. If humans do go to Mars any time in the near future, it is quite conceivable that their mission profile will resemble one of the plans described here. NASA SP-2001-4521
Lost In Space
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Author : Greg Klerkx
language : en
Publisher: Random House
Release Date : 2010-07-20
Lost In Space written by Greg Klerkx and has been published by Random House this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-07-20 with Science categories.
In Lost in Space, Greg Klerkx argues that ever since the triumphant Apollo moon missions, the Space Age has been stuck in the wrong orbit, and that NASA, the agency whose daring once fueled the world's extra-terrestrial vision, has been largely responsible for keeping it there. Stripped of its Cold War mandate, NASA has become an introverted technocracy whose signature post-Apollo projects - the Space Shuttle and the International Space Station - are perhaps the two most spectacular boondoggles of the modern era. Through it all, NASA has ignored, belittled and in some cases actively quashed the one concept that could change the equation for the future of humans in space: human spaceflight as a free market activity. Despite this, a new Space Age is, in fact, in the making, led by dreamers, investors, inventors and even renegades from NASA itself. Drawn from dozens of interviews, extensive research, and Klerkx's own experiences as a senior manager with the SETI Institute, Lost in Space chronicles the flashpoints where the space establishment and the 'alternative' space community are battling for competing visions. Like the dream of space exploration itself, Lost in Space is less about science or technology than it is about people: their motivations, their ideas, and how their life's work is driven by an almost biological need to reach for the stars. Written with intelligence, style and wit, it is an elegy for the brief, bright Space Age that was, as well as the first comprehensive chronicle of a dawning new Space Age that could literally change the course of humankind.
Human Missions To Mars
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Author : Donald Rapp
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2023-01-01
Human Missions To Mars written by Donald Rapp and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-01-01 with Science categories.
In this book, Donald Rapp looks at human missions to Mars from a technological perspective. He divides the mission into a number of stages: Earth’s surface to low-Earth orbit (LEO); departing from LEO toward Mars; Mars orbit insertion and entry, descent and landing; ascent from Mars; trans-Earth injection from Mars orbit and Earth return. A mission to send humans to explore the surface of Mars has been the ultimate goal of planetary exploration since the 1950s, when von Braun conjectured a flotilla of 10 interplanetary vessels carrying a crew of at least 70 humans. Since then, more than 1,000 studies were carried out. This third edition provides extensive updating and additions to the last edition, including new sections, and many new figures and tables, and references.
Nasa 50th Anniversary Proceedings Nasa S First 50 Years Historical Perspectives
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Author : Steven J. Dick
language : en
Publisher: U. S. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
Release Date : 2010-07-07
Nasa 50th Anniversary Proceedings Nasa S First 50 Years Historical Perspectives written by Steven J. Dick and has been published by U. S. National Aeronautics & Space Administration this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-07-07 with Law categories.
On 29 July 1958, President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed the National Aeronautics and Space Act, creating the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), which became operational on 1 October of that year. Over the next 50 years, NASA achieved a set of spectacular feats, ranging from advancing the well-established field of aeronautics to pioneering the new fields of Earth and space science and human spaceflight. In the midst of the geopolitical context of the Cold War, 12 Americans walked on the Moon, arriving in peace “for all mankind.” Humans saw their home planet from a new perspective, with unforgettable Apollo images of Earthrise and the “Blue Marble,” as well as the “pale blue dot” from the edge of the solar system. A flotilla of spacecraft has studied Earth, while other spacecraft have probed the depths of the solar system and the universe beyond. In the 1980s, the evolution of aeronautics gave us the first winged human spacecraft, the Space Shuttle, and the International Space Station stands as a symbol of human cooperation in space as well as a possible way station to the stars. With the Apollo fire and two Space Shuttle accidents, NASA has also seen the depths of tragedy. In this volume, a wide array of scholars turn a critical eye toward NASA’s first 50 years, probing an institution widely seen as the premier agency for exploration in the world, carrying on a long tradition of exploration by the United States and the human species in general. Fifty years after its founding, NASA finds itself at a crossroads that historical perspectives can only help to illuminate.
Use Of Extraterrestrial Resources For Human Space Missions To Moon Or Mars
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Author : Donald Rapp
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-01-19
Use Of Extraterrestrial Resources For Human Space Missions To Moon Or Mars written by Donald Rapp and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-01-19 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book presents a detailed, independent review of essentially all the technical aspects of “in situ resource utilization” (ISRU), offering the first in-depth discussion of the issues of crew size, ascent from Mars, and ISRU processes. It also provides data on lunar ISRU not previously available to the public. This new edition provides a short synopsis of the Mars mission, and discusses various topics, including solid oxide electrolysis, which promises to be an important part of the ISRU picture. In addition, it explores ancillary needs for Mars ISRU and how to obtain water on Mars. It is the go-to resource for professionals involved in planning space missions or working on ISRU processes, as well as students planning careers in space technology.
Exploring The Martian Moons
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Author : Manfred "Dutch" von Ehrenfried
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-04-11
Exploring The Martian Moons written by Manfred "Dutch" von Ehrenfried and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-04-11 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book explores the once popular idea of 'Flexible Path' in terms of Mars, a strategy that would focus on a manned orbital mission to Mars's moons rather than the more risky, expensive and time-consuming trip to land humans on the Martian surface. While currently still not the most popular idea, this mission would take advantage of the operational, scientific and engineering lessons to be learned from going to Mars's moons first. Unlike a trip to the planet's surface, an orbital mission avoids the dangers of the deep gravity well of Mars and a very long stay on the surface. This is analogous to Apollo 8 and 10, which preceded the landing on the Moon of Apollo 11. Furthermore, a Mars orbital mission could be achieved at least five years, possibly 10 before a landing mission. Nor would an orbital mission require all of the extra vehicles, equipment and supplies needed for a landing and a stay on the planet for over a year. The cost difference between the two types of missions is in the order of tens of billions of dollars. An orbital mission to Deimos and Phobos would provide an early opportunity to acquire scientific knowledge of the moons and Mars as well, since some of the regolith is presumed to be soil ejected from Mars. It may also offer the opportunity to deploy scientific instruments on the moons which would aid subsequent missions. It would provide early operational experience in the Mars environment without the risk of a landing. The author convincingly argues this experience would enhance the probability of a safe and successful Mars landing by NASA at a later date, and lays out the best way to approach an orbital mission in great detail. Combining path-breaking science with achievable goals on a fast timetable, this approach is the best of both worlds--and our best path to reaching Mars safely in the future.
Assessing A Mars Agreement Including Human Settlements
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Author : Annette Froehlich
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2021-05-15
Assessing A Mars Agreement Including Human Settlements written by Annette Froehlich and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-05-15 with Law categories.
This book is dedicated to the nascent discussion of the legal aspects of human exploration and possible settlement of Mars, and provides fresh insights and new ideas in two key areas. The first one revolves around the broader aspects of current space law, such as intellectual property rights in outer space, the legal implications of contact with extra-terrestrial intelligence, legal considerations around the freedom of exploration and use, and the International Space Station agreement as a precedent for Mars. The second one focuses on the creation and management of a new society on Mars, and includes topics such as human reproduction and childbirth, the protection of human rights in privately-funded settlements, legal aspects of a Martian power grid, and criminal justice on the red planet. With multiple national space agencies and commercial enterprises focusing on Mars, it is more than likely that a human presence will be established on the red planet in the coming decades. While the foundation of international space law, laid primarily by the Outer Space Treaty, remains the framework within which humans will engage with Mars, new and unforeseen challenges have arisen, driven particularly by the rapid pace of technological advancement in recent years. To ensure that space law can keep up with these developments, a new scholarly work such as the present one is critical. By bringing together a number of fresh international perspectives on the topic, the book is of interest to all scholars and professionals working in the space field.