Strict And Vicarious Liability
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Strict And Vicarious Liability
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Author : Leonard Herschel Leigh
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 1982
Strict And Vicarious Liability written by Leonard Herschel Leigh and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1982 with Criminal liability categories.
The Evolution From Strict Liability To Fault In The Law Of Torts
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Author : Anthony Gray
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
Release Date : 2021-02-25
The Evolution From Strict Liability To Fault In The Law Of Torts written by Anthony Gray and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-02-25 with Law categories.
Gradually, the law of tort has shifted away from a strict-liability approach to one where fault predominates. This book charts important case law documenting this shift. It seeks to understand how and why it occurred. Given that the Rylands v Fletcher decision is typically seen as a prime exemplar of strict liability, it focusses particularly on that case, as part of the historical development of tort law. It considers the intellectual arguments made in favour of strict liability, and for fault-based liability. Having done so, it then focusses on particular areas of the law of tort, including nuisance, defamation and trespass. It is somewhat anomalous that though most would view these as examples of torts of strict liability, fault considerations have become prominent in their application. This presents an uneasy compromise, where torts that are notionally strict in nature are infused with fault considerations, often through exceptions or defences. This book advocates for further development in the law of tort to better reflect a primarily fault-based approach to liability, at least in the common law. This would make the law of tort more coherent.
Criminal Law
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Author : Jonathan Herring
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007
Criminal Law written by Jonathan Herring and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Criminal law categories.
This text provides an introduction to criminal law. It includes discussion of important case law developments in the law of provocation, consent, conspiracy and duress, and also discusses the Law Commission's proposals on the law of murder.
Tort Law And Criminal Law And Contract Law
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Author : Johnny Ch Lok
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019-09-05
Tort Law And Criminal Law And Contract Law written by Johnny Ch Lok and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-09-05 with categories.
(10)Strict liability torts and Vicarious liabilityStrict LiabilityStrict or absolute liability is the legal responsibility for damage or injury, even if the person found strictly liable was not at fault. In order to prove strict liability in tort, plaintiff needs to prove only that the tort happened and that the defendant was responsible for the act or omission. In the case of strict liability in the USA, neither good faith nor the fact that the defendant took all possible precautions is a valid defense. A common example of strict liability is imposing product liability in the case of defectively manufactured products.Strict liability applies especially in cases involving hazardous or dangerous activities.Generally, liability based on a tort only arises where the defendant either intended to cause harm to the plaintiff or in situations where the defendant is negligent. However, in some areas, liability can arise even when there is no intention to cause harm or negligence. For example, when a contractor uses dynamite which causes debris to be thrown onto the land of another and damages a landowner's house, the landowner may recover damages from the contractor even if the contractor was not negligent and did not intend to cause any harm. Basically, society is saying that the activity is so dangerous to the public that there must be liability. However, society is not going so far as to outlaw the activity.Example: Acme Construction Company was constructing a highway. It was necessary to blast rock with dynamite. The corporation's employees did this with the greatest of care. In spite of theirprecautions, some flying fragments of rock damaged a neighboring house. The owner of the house sued the corporation for damages. The corporation raised the defense that the owner was suing for tort damages and that such damages could not be imposed because the corporation had been free from fault. Was this defense valid? No. While ordinarily fault is the basis of tort liability, there are cases in which absolute liability is imposed on the actor. This means that when harm is caused, it is no defense that none was intended or that due care had been exercised to prevent the harm.Other examples of absolute liability situations would be harm caused by storage of flammable gas and explosives, factories which produce dangerous fumes or smoke in populated areas, and the production of nuclear material. Vicarious liability is the responsibility of the superior for the acts of their subordinate. It is the responsibility of a third party who has the right, ability or duty to control the activities of a violator.Typically liability flows from the relationship of master and servant. The relationship includes thepower to direct the servant in the execution of the duties of his/her employment, and to control theacts that no injury is done to third persons.An employer can be held vicariously liable for an employee's tortious act against the person orproperty of a third party in a transaction of the employer's business. If a negligent act is committed by an employee acting within the general scope of her or his employment, the employer will be held liable for damages. For example, if the driver of a gasoline delivery truck runs a red light on the way to a gas station and strikes another car, causing injury, the gasoline delivery company will be responsible for the damage if the driver is found to be negligent.
Vicarious Liability In Tort
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Author : Paula Giliker
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2010-10-28
Vicarious Liability In Tort written by Paula Giliker and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-10-28 with Law categories.
Vicarious liability is controversial: a principle of strict liability in an area dominated by fault-based liability. By making an innocent party pay compensation for the torts of another, it can also appear unjust. Yet it is a principle found in all Western legal systems, be they civil law or common law. Despite uncertainty as to its justifications, it is accepted as necessary. In our modern global economy, we are unlikely to understand its meaning and rationale through study of one legal system alone. Using her considerable experience as a comparative tort lawyer, Paula Giliker examines the principle of vicarious liability (or, to a civil lawyer, liability for the acts of others) in England and Wales, Australia, Canada, France and Germany, and with reference to legal systems in countries such as the United States, New Zealand and Spain.
Reconceptualising Strict Liability For The Tort Of Another
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Author : Christine Beuermann
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
Release Date : 2019-11-28
Reconceptualising Strict Liability For The Tort Of Another written by Christine Beuermann and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-11-28 with Law categories.
This book adopts a novel approach to resolving the present difficulties experienced by the courts in imposing strict liability for the tort of another. It looks beyond the traditional classifications of 'vicarious liability' and 'liability for breach of a non-delegable duty of care' and, for the first time, seeks to explain all instances of strict liability for the tort of another in terms of the various relationships in which the courts impose such liability. The book shows that, despite appearances, there is a unifying feature to the various relationships in which the courts currently impose strict liability for the tort of another. That feature is authority. Whenever the courts impose strict liability for the tort of another, the defendant is either vested with authority over the person who committed a tort against the claimant or has vested or conferred a form of authority upon that person in respect of the claimant. This book uses this feature of authority to construct a new expositive framework within which strict liability for the tort of another can be understood.
Unification Of Tort Law
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Author : Francesco Donato Busnelli
language : en
Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.
Release Date : 2003-01-01
Unification Of Tort Law written by Francesco Donato Busnelli and has been published by Kluwer Law International B.V. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-01-01 with Law categories.
Covers various European countries, Israel, South Africa, and the United States.
The Boundaries Of Strict Liability In European Tort Law
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Author : Franz Werro
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
The Boundaries Of Strict Liability In European Tort Law written by Franz Werro and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Strict liability categories.
"In the light of twelve reports from different European jurisdictions, the present volume offers case studies covering among others liability of parents, of employers, of property owners, medical liability, product liability, and motorist liability. Achieving an unprecedented synthesis, this book should be of interest not only to those who work on European law reform projects, but also to those who practice private tort law and seek a better understanding of the foundations of liability, both on a national and an international level."--BOOK JACKET.Title Summary field provided by Blackwell North America, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Unification Of Tort Law Strict Liability
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Author : Bernhard Koch
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2002-03-04
Unification Of Tort Law Strict Liability written by Bernhard Koch and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-03-04 with Law categories.
The foundations of tort law in European legal systems differ considerably. A group of tort law experts, the "European Group on Tort Law", systematically researches the most fundamental questions underlying the various tort law systems. Their work is contained in this series of books, which seeks a common law of Europe without the need to lay these principles down in formal legal texts, such as a European civil code.
Justifying Strict Liability
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Author : Marco Cappelletti
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2022-06-23
Justifying Strict Liability written by Marco Cappelletti and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-06-23 with categories.
The imposition of strict liability in tort law is controversial, and its theoretical foundations are the object of vigorous debate. Why do or should we impose strict liability on employers for the torts committed by their employees, or on a person for the harm caused by their children, animals, activities, or things? In responding to this type of questions, legal actors rely on a wide variety of justifications. Justifying Strict Liability explores, in a comparative perspective, the most significant arguments that are put forward to justify the imposition of strict liability in four legal systems, two common law, England and the United States, and two civil law, France and Italy. These justifications include: risk, accident avoidance, the 'deep pockets' argument, loss-spreading, victim protection, reduction in administrative costs, and individual responsibility. By looking at how these arguments are used across the four legal systems, this book considers a variety of patterns which characterise the reasoning on strict liability. The book also assesses the justificatory weight of the arguments, showing that these can assume varying significance in the four jurisdictions and that such variations reflect different views as to the values and goals which inspire strict liability and tort law more generally. Overall, the book seeks to improve our understanding of strict liability, to shed light on the justifications for its imposition, and to enhance our understanding of the different tort cultures featuring in the four legal systems studied.