The Medical World Of Early Modern France
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The Medical World Of Early Modern France
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Author : L. W. B. Brockliss
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1997
The Medical World Of Early Modern France written by L. W. B. Brockliss and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with History categories.
This is a unique history of French medicine between the sixteenth century and the French Revolution. Brockliss focuses on physicians, surgeons, and apothecaries, providing an overview of long-term changes in their ideas about medicine and their craft. But he also discusses other denizens of the medical world-- quacks, charlatans, wise women, midwives, herbalist and others--setting them within the broader context of social, economic, demographic, and cultural change.
Pathologies Of Love
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Author : Judy Kem
language : en
Publisher: U of Nebraska Press
Release Date : 2019-12-01
Pathologies Of Love written by Judy Kem and has been published by U of Nebraska Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-12-01 with History categories.
Pathologies of Love examines the role of medicine in the debate on women, known as the querelle des femmes, in early modern France. Questions concerning women’s physical makeup and its psychological and moral consequences played an integral role in the querelle. This debate on the status of women and their role in society began in the fifteenth century and continued through the sixteenth and, as many critics would say, well beyond. In querelle works early modern medicine, women’s sexual difference, literary reception, and gendered language often merge. Literary authors perpetuated medical ideas such as the notion of allegedly fatal lovesickness, and physicians published works that included disquisitions on the moral nature of women. In Pathologies of Love, Judy Kem looks at the writings of Christine de Pizan, Jean Molinet, Symphorien Champier, Jean Lemaire de Belges, and Marguerite de Navarre, examining the role of received medical ideas in the querelle des femmes. She reconstructs how these authors interpreted the traditional courtly understanding of women’s pity or mercy on a dying lover, their understanding of contemporary debates about women’s supposed sexual insatiability and its biological effects on men’s lives and fertility, and how erotomania or erotic melancholy was understood as a fatal illness. While the two women who frame this study defended women and based much of what they wrote on personal experience, the three men appealed to male authority and tradition in their writings.
Childbirth And The Display Of Authority In Early Modern France
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Author : Lianne McTavish
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2017-03-02
Childbirth And The Display Of Authority In Early Modern France written by Lianne McTavish and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-03-02 with History categories.
Throughout the early modern period in France, surgeon men-midwives were predominantly associated with sexual impropriety and physical danger; yet over time they managed to change their image, and by the eighteenth century were summoned to attend even the uncomplicated deliveries of wealthy, urban clients. In this study, Lianne McTavish explores how surgeons strove to transform the perception of their midwifery practices, claiming to be experts who embodied obstetrical authority instead of intruders in a traditionally feminine domain. McTavish argues that early modern French obstetrical treatises were sites of display participating in both the production and contestation of authoritative knowledge of childbirth. Though primarily written by surgeon men-midwives, the texts were also produced by female midwives and male physicians. McTavish's careful examination of these and other sources reveals representations of male and female midwives as unstable and divergent, undermining characterizations of the practice of childbirth in early modern Europe as a gender war which men ultimately won. She discovers that male practitioners did not always disdain maternal values. In fact, the men regularly identified themselves with qualities traditionally respected in female midwives, including a bodily experience of childbirth. Her findings suggest that men's entry into the lying-in chamber was a complex negotiation involving their adaptation to the demands of women. One of the great strengths of this study is its investigation of the visual culture of childbirth. McTavish emphasizes how authority in the birthing room was made visible to others in facial expressions, gestures, and bodily display. For the first time here, the vivid images in the treatises are analysed, including author portraits and engravings of unborn figures. McTavish reveals how these images contributed to arguments about obstetrical authority instead of merely illustrating the written content of the books. At the same time, her arguments move far beyond the lying-in chamber, shedding light on the exchange of visual information in early modern France, a period when identity was largely determined by the precarious act of putting oneself on display.
Menstruation And Procreation In Early Modern France
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Author : Cathy McClive
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2016-03-03
Menstruation And Procreation In Early Modern France written by Cathy McClive and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-03-03 with History categories.
Early modern bodies, particularly menstruating and pregnant bodies, were not stable signifiers. Menstruation and Procreation in Early Modern France presents the first full-length discussion of menstruation and its uncertain connections with embodied sex, gender and reproduction in early modern France. Attitudes to menstruation are explored in three inter-linked arenas: medicine, moral theology and law across the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries. Drawing on a wide range of diverse sources, including court records and private documents, the author uses case studies to explore the relationship between the exceptional corporeality of individuals and attempts to construct menstrual norms, reflecting on how early modern individuals, lay or otherwise, grappled with the enigma of menstruation. She analyzes how early modern men and women accounted for the function, recurrence and appearance of menstruation, from its role in maintaining health to the link between other physiological and bodily processes, including those found in both male and female bodies. She questions the assumption that menstruation was exclusively associated with women by the second half of the eighteenth century, arguing that whilst sex-related, menstruation was not sex-specific even at the turn of the nineteenth. Menstruation remains a contentious topic today. This book is not, therefore, simply a study of periods in early modern France, but is also of necessity an exploration about the nature and constitution of historical evidence, particularly bodily evidence and how historians use this evidence. It raises important questions about the concept of certainty and about the value of observation, testimony, expertise, the nature of language and the construction of bodily truths - about the body as witness and the body as evidence.
The Smile Revolution
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Author : Colin Jones CBE
language : en
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Release Date : 2014-09-25
The Smile Revolution written by Colin Jones CBE and has been published by OUP Oxford this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-09-25 with History categories.
You could be forgiven for thinking that the smile has no history; it has always been the same. However, just as different cultures in our own day have different rules about smiling, so did different societies in the past. In fact, amazing as it might seem, it was only in late eighteenth century France that western civilization discovered the art of the smile. In the 'Old Regime of Teeth' which prevailed in western Europe until then, smiling was quite literally frowned upon. Individuals were fatalistic about tooth loss, and their open mouths would often have been visually repulsive. Rules of conduct dating back to Antiquity disapproved of the opening of the mouth to express feelings in most social situations. Open and unrestrained smiling was associated with the impolite lower orders. In late eighteenth-century Paris, however, these age-old conventions changed, reflecting broader transformations in the way people expressed their feelings. This allowed the emergence of the modern smile par excellence: the open-mouthed smile which, while highlighting physical beauty and expressing individual identity, revealed white teeth. It was a transformation linked to changing patterns of politeness, new ideals of sensibility, shifts in styles of self-presentation - and, not least, the emergence of scientific dentistry. These changes seemed to usher in a revolution, a revolution in smiling. Yet if the French revolutionaries initially went about their business with a smile on their faces, the Reign of Terror soon wiped it off. Only in the twentieth century would the white-tooth smile re-emerge as an accepted model of self-presentation. In this entertaining, absorbing, and highly original work of cultural history, Colin Jones ranges from the history of art, literature, and culture to the history of science, medicine, and dentistry, to tell a unique and untold story about a facial expression at the heart of western civilization.
Medicine And Society In Early Modern Europe
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Author : Mary Lindemann
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2010-07
Medicine And Society In Early Modern Europe written by Mary Lindemann and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-07 with History categories.
A concise and accessible introduction to health and healing in Europe from 1500 to 1800.
Tortured Subjects
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Author : Lisa Silverman
language : en
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Release Date : 2010-06-15
Tortured Subjects written by Lisa Silverman and has been published by University of Chicago Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-06-15 with History categories.
At one time in Europe, there was a point to pain: physical suffering could be a path to redemption. This religious notion suggested that truth was lodged in the body and could be achieved through torture. In Tortured Subjects, Lisa Silverman tells the haunting story of how this idea became a fixed part of the French legal system during the early modern period. Looking closely at the theory and practice of judicial torture in France from 1600 to 1788, the year in which it was formally abolished, Silverman revisits dossiers compiled in criminal cases, including transcripts of interrogations conducted under torture, as well as the writings of physicians and surgeons concerned with the problem of pain, records of religious confraternities, diaries and letters of witnesses to public executions, and the writings of torture's abolitionists and apologists. She contends that torture was at the center of an epistemological crisis that forced French jurists and intellectuals to reconsider the relationship between coercion and sincerity, or between free will and evidence. As the philosophical consensus on which torture rested broke down, and definitions of truth and pain shifted, so too did the foundation of torture, until by the eighteenth century, it became an indefensible practice.
A Social And Cultural History Of Early Modern France
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Author : William Beik
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2009-05-14
A Social And Cultural History Of Early Modern France written by William Beik and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-05-14 with History categories.
A magisterial history of French society between the end of the middle ages and the Revolution by one of the world's leading authorities on early modern France. Using colorful examples and incorporating the latest scholarship, William Beik conveys the distinctiveness of early modern society and identifies the cultural practices that defined the lives of people at all levels of society. Painting a vivid picture of the realities of everyday life, he reveals how society functioned and how the different classes interacted. In addition to chapters on nobles, peasants, city people, and the court, the book sheds new light on the Catholic church, the army, popular protest, the culture of violence, gendered relations, and sociability. This is a major new work that restores the ancien régime as a key epoch in its own right and not simply as the prelude to the coming Revolution.
A Country Doctor In The French Revolution
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Author : Robert Weston
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2019-07-10
A Country Doctor In The French Revolution written by Robert Weston and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-07-10 with History categories.
This book will be of interest to those studying French medical and Revolutionary history. It traces the life of an early-modern rural French physician from childhood to death — how he worked as a physician for six years in North Africa (taking a particular interest in medical meteorology); sought to establish himself as a savant in the Republic of Letters by publishing texts and prize-winning essays; and, despite his bourgeois roots, took part in the siege of Toulon, became committed to the ideals of the French Revolution, and volunteered for the Revolutionary armée d’Italie, mainly working in military hospitals. It concludes with an account of his time practicing medicine in southwest France, where he also engaged in local politics, eventually being appointed to a mayoral position by Bonaparte.
Menstruation And Procreation In Early Modern France
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Author : Cathy McClive
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2016-03-03
Menstruation And Procreation In Early Modern France written by Cathy McClive and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-03-03 with History categories.
Early modern bodies, particularly menstruating and pregnant bodies, were not stable signifiers. Menstruation and Procreation in Early Modern France presents the first full-length discussion of menstruation and its uncertain connections with embodied sex, gender and reproduction in early modern France. Attitudes to menstruation are explored in three inter-linked arenas: medicine, moral theology and law across the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries. Drawing on a wide range of diverse sources, including court records and private documents, the author uses case studies to explore the relationship between the exceptional corporeality of individuals and attempts to construct menstrual norms, reflecting on how early modern individuals, lay or otherwise, grappled with the enigma of menstruation. She analyzes how early modern men and women accounted for the function, recurrence and appearance of menstruation, from its role in maintaining health to the link between other physiological and bodily processes, including those found in both male and female bodies. She questions the assumption that menstruation was exclusively associated with women by the second half of the eighteenth century, arguing that whilst sex-related, menstruation was not sex-specific even at the turn of the nineteenth. Menstruation remains a contentious topic today. This book is not, therefore, simply a study of periods in early modern France, but is also of necessity an exploration about the nature and constitution of historical evidence, particularly bodily evidence and how historians use this evidence. It raises important questions about the concept of certainty and about the value of observation, testimony, expertise, the nature of language and the construction of bodily truths - about the body as witness and the body as evidence.