The Seminole Freedmen
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The Seminole Freedmen
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Author : Kevin Mulroy
language : en
Publisher: University of Oklahoma Press
Release Date : 2016-01-18
The Seminole Freedmen written by Kevin Mulroy and has been published by University of Oklahoma Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-01-18 with History categories.
Popularly known as “Black Seminoles,” descendants of the Seminole freedmen of Indian Territory are a unique American cultural group. Now Kevin Mulroy examines the long history of these people to show that this label denies them their rightful distinctiveness. To correct misconceptions of the historical relationship between Africans and Seminole Indians, he traces the emergence of Seminole-black identity and community from their eighteenth-century Florida origins to the present day. Arguing that the Seminole freedmen are neither Seminoles, Africans, nor “black Indians,” Mulroy proposes that they are maroon descendants who inhabit their own racial and cultural category, which he calls “Seminole maroon.” Mulroy plumbs the historical record to show clearly that, although allied with the Seminoles, these maroons formed independent and autonomous communities that dealt with European American society differently than either Indians or African Americans did. Mulroy describes the freedmen’s experiences as runaways from southern plantations, slaves of American Indians, participants in the Seminole Wars, and emigrants to the West. He then recounts their history during the Civil War, Reconstruction, enrollment and allotment under the Dawes Act, and early Oklahoma statehood. He also considers freedmen relations with Seminoles in Oklahoma during the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. Although freedmen and Seminoles enjoy a partially shared past, this book shows that the freedmen’s history and culture are unique and entirely their own.
A Survey Of The Seminole Freedmen
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Author : Art Gallaher (Jr.)
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1951
A Survey Of The Seminole Freedmen written by Art Gallaher (Jr.) and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1951 with African Americans categories.
The Black Seminoles
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Author : Kenneth W. Porter
language : en
Publisher: University Press of Florida
Release Date : 2013-05-21
The Black Seminoles written by Kenneth W. Porter and has been published by University Press of Florida this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-05-21 with History categories.
This story of a remarkable people, the Black Seminoles, and their charismatic leader, Chief John Horse, chronicles their heroic struggle for freedom. Beginning with the early 1800s, small groups of fugitive slaves living in Florida joined the Seminole Indians (an association that thrived for decades on reciprocal respect and affection). Kenneth Porter traces their fortunes and exploits as they moved across the country and attempted to live first beyond the law, then as loyal servants of it. He examines the Black Seminole role in the bloody Second Seminole War, when John Horse and his men distinguished themselves as fierce warriors, and their forced removal to the Oklahoma Indian Territory in the 1840s, where John's leadership ability emerged. The account includes the Black Seminole exodus in the 1850s to Mexico, their service as border troops for the Mexican government, and their return to Texas in the 1870s, where many of the men scouted for the U.S. Army. Members of their combat-tested unit, never numbering more than 50 men at a time, were awarded four of the sixteen Medals of Honor received by the several thousand Indian scouts in the West. Porter's interviews with John Horse's descendants and acquaintances in the 1940s and 1950s provide eyewitness accounts. When Alcione Amos and Thomas Senter took up the project in the 1980s, they incorporated new information that had since come to light about John Horse and his people. A powerful and stirring story, The Black Seminoles will appeal especially to readers interested in black history, Indian history, Florida history, and U.S. military history.
Freedom On The Border
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Author : Kevin Mulroy
language : en
Publisher: Texas Tech University Press
Release Date : 1993
Freedom On The Border written by Kevin Mulroy and has been published by Texas Tech University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with History categories.
Under the brilliant leadership of the charismatic John Horse, a band of black runaways, in alliance with Seminole Indians under Wild Cat, migrated from the Indian Territory to northern Mexico in the mid-nineteenth century to escape from slavery. These maroons subsequently provided soldiers for Mexico's frontier defense and later served the United States Army as the renowned Seminole Negro Indian Scouts. This is the story of the maroons' ethnogenesis in Florida, their removal to the West, their role in the Texas Indian Wars, and the fate of their long quest for freedom and self-determination along both sides of the Rio Grande. Their tale is a rich and colorful one, and one of epic proportions, stretching from the swamps of the Southeast to the desert Southwest. The maroons' history of African origins, plantation slavery, European and Indian associations, Florida wars, and forced removal culminated in a Mexican borderlands mosaic incorporating slave hunters, corrupt Indian agents, Texas filibusters, Mexican revolutionaries, French invaders, Apache and Comanche raiders, frontier outlaws and lawmen, and Buffalo Soldiers. What emerges is a saga of enslavement, flight, exile, and ultimately freedom.
Africans And Seminoles
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Author : Daniel F. Littlefield
language : en
Publisher: Univ. Press of Mississippi
Release Date : 2001
Africans And Seminoles written by Daniel F. Littlefield and has been published by Univ. Press of Mississippi this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with History categories.
An updated edition of a standard work documenting the interrelationship of two racial cultures in antebellum Florida and Oklahoma
Black Seminoles In The Bahamas
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Author : Rosalyn Howard
language : en
Publisher: University Press of Florida
Release Date : 2023-05-01
Black Seminoles In The Bahamas written by Rosalyn Howard and has been published by University Press of Florida this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-05-01 with History categories.
"An excellent case study of a little-studied and poorly known community experiencing the processes of identity formation and culture change."--Brent R. Weisman, University of South Florida This is the first full-length ethnography of a unique community within the African diaspora. Rosalyn Howard traces the history of the isolated "Red Bays" community of the Bahamas, from their escape from the plantations of the American South through their utilization of social memory in the construction of new identity and community. Some of the many African slaves escaping from southern plantations traveled to Florida and joined the Seminole Indians, intermarried, and came to call themselves Black Seminoles. In 1821, pursued and harassed by European Americans through the First Seminole War, approximately 200 members of this group fled to Andros Island, where they remained essentially isolated for nearly 150 years. Drawing on archival and secondary sources in the United States and the Bahamas as well as interviews with members of the present-day Black Seminole community on Andros Island, Howard reconstructs the story of the Red Bays people. She chronicles their struggles as they adapt to a new environment and forge a new identity in this insular community and analyzes the former slaves' relationship with their Native American companions. Black Seminoles in contemporary Red Bays number approximately 290, the majority of whom are descended directly from the original settlers. As part of her research, Howard lived for a year in this small community, recording its oral history and analyzing the ways in which that history informed the evolving identity of the people. Her treatment dispels the air of mystery surrounding the Black Seminoles of Andros and provides a foundation for further anthropological and historical investigations.
Applications For Enrollment Of Seminole Newborn Freedmen
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Author : Jeff Bowen
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020-08-21
Applications For Enrollment Of Seminole Newborn Freedmen written by Jeff Bowen and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-08-21 with Reference categories.
Seminole Freedmen, as they were called, were the only African Americans living among the Five Civilized Tribes who were entitled to tribal allotments. Unlike the other Five Civilized Tribes--which held African Americans as slaves--the Seminole incorporated blacks into their tribe. Since the Curtis Act required the Dawes Commission to "follow tribal customs and usages" in processing applications for allotment, it had to consider any children of a mixed marriage "freedmen rather than citizens by blood . . ."; however, this did not prevent the newborn freedmen from sharing equally with full-bloods in the division of Seminole lands. Under this definition each Seminole newborn freedman was to receive forty acres of Indian Territory. Applications for Enrollment of Seminole Newborn Freedmen, Act of 1905, have been transcribed from National Archive film M-1301, Roll 402. The applications found in M-1301 and transcribed in this series contain more information and establish family relationships not found on the census cards in National Archive film M-1186, the basis for the seminal title Final Rolls of Citizens and Freedmen of the Five Civilized Tribes in Indian Territory [and] Index to the Final Rolls. These transcriptions include all correspondence associated with successful Seminole claimants. Besides the names of all parents and newborns, the applications include the names of doctors, lawyers, midwives, and other Seminole relatives whose identities were divulged as part of the application process, and who attended to the Seminole before and during this time in history.
Freedmen Of The Frontier Selected Creek And Seminole Freedmen Families
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Author : Angela Y. Walton-Raji
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Freedmen Of The Frontier Selected Creek And Seminole Freedmen Families written by Angela Y. Walton-Raji and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with African Americans categories.
Our Land Before We Die
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Author : Jeff Guinn
language : en
Publisher: Penguin
Release Date : 2005-01-13
Our Land Before We Die written by Jeff Guinn and has been published by Penguin this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-01-13 with Social Science categories.
In Our Land Before We Die, Jeff Guinn traces the little-known history of the runaway slaves who fled to the Florida Everglades to live alongside the Seminole Indians. Deeply rooted in tribal oral history, and based on extensive interviews with descendants, this book describes the incredible circumstances of a people who sought shelter in the shadow of a tribe whose land and welfare already hung in the balance. And yet, in their tireless journey-from Florida to Indian Territory in Oklahoma; on the seven-hundred-mile flight from persecution that took them across the Rio Grande into Mexico; and then back across the Rio Grande to Texas-they never surrendered the hope of one day attaining land of their own. Our Land Before We Die brings to life the largely forgotten history of a courageous people and the descendants for whom this story is their only legacy.
A Brief History Of The Seminole Negro Indian Scouts
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Author : Thomas Anthony Britten
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
A Brief History Of The Seminole Negro Indian Scouts written by Thomas Anthony Britten and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with African Americans categories.
This volume provides an examination of the Black Seminoles: their history in Florida, the Indian Territory, Mexico and Texas, and their important contribution to the pacification of the Rio Grande frontier. The study places them against the backdrops of African slavery, Indian wars and frontier violence, and, using a host of archival and secondary sources, provides an up-to-date synthesis of these largely unknown people. In addition, the book provides new information, particularly about the scouts' activities in the Big Bend. Working closely with historians employed at the Ft. Clark Historical Society, Britten retraced the scouts' steps along the Rio Grande frontier. It is a major resource for those in frontier-western history, military history and the complex interaction of minority peoples in the west.