Ciencia y pseudociencia en psicología y psiquiatría: Más allá de la corriente principal (Ensayo)

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Author : Marino Pérez Álvarez
Genre :

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Author : Marino Pérez Álvarez
Genre : Psychology

Summary : Situadas en el precario cruce de caminos trazado por la clásica dicotomía que demarca las ciencias naturales y las ciencias sociales, la psicología y la psiquiatría (así como todo el amplio conjunto de disciplinas emparentadas con ellas) se han debatido desde su nacimiento entre las vertientes del positivismo más férreo y el humanismo latente que hasta ahora han convivido en su seno en un tenso equilibrio. Pero hoy, bien entrado el siglo XXI y siguiendo el impulso del cuestionamiento que tanto la filosofía como las propias disciplinas 'psi' han llevado a cabo de la categoría tradicional de «ciencia», así como de las más recientes disputas sobre la distinción entre esta y la pseudociencia, la psicología y la psiquiatría, más que moverse en la nebulosa tierra de nadie que hasta ahora han ocupado, quizá proporcionen un lugar privilegiado desde el que repensar las categorías utilizadas para abordar el debate. Partiendo del análisis de la psicoterapia como punto de condensación de todas las inercias en juego, Marino Pérez Álvarez trata a lo largo de estas páginas de ayudarnos a reflexionar acerca de los peligros que pueden entrañar los conceptos que han definido nuestra comprensión del conocimiento y el malestar psíquico, así como las posibilidades liberadoras que una nueva vía podría proporcionar para plantearnos nuestras propias condiciones de existencia.

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Author : John J. Ratey, M.D.
Genre : Psychology

Summary : John Ratey, bestselling author and clinical professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, lucidly explains the human brain’s workings, and paves the way for a better understanding of how the brain affects who we are. Ratey provides insight into the basic structure and chemistry of the brain, and demonstrates how its systems shape our perceptions, emotions, and behavior. By giving us a greater understanding of how the brain responds to the guidance of its user, he provides us with knowledge that can enable us to improve our lives. In A User’s Guide to the Brain, Ratey clearly and succinctly surveys what scientists now know about the brain and how we use it. He looks at the brain as a malleable organ capable of improvement and change, like any muscle, and examines the way specific motor functions might be applied to overcome neural disorders ranging from everyday shyness to autism. Drawing on examples from his practice and from everyday life, Ratey illustrates that the most important lesson we can learn about our brains is how to use them to their maximum potential.

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Author : Julian Savulescu
Genre : Philosophy

Summary : To what extent should we use technology to try to make better human beings? Because of the remarkable advances in biomedical science, we must now find an answer to this question. Human enhancement aims to increase human capacities above normal levels. Many forms of human enhancement are already in use. Many students and academics take cognition enhancing drugs to get a competitive edge. Some top athletes boost their performance with legal and illegal substances. Many an office worker begins each day with a dose of caffeine. This is only the beginning. As science and technology advance further, it will become increasingly possible to enhance basic human capacities to increase or modulate cognition, mood, personality, and physical performance, and to control the biological processes underlying normal aging. Some have suggested that such advances would take us beyond the bounds of human nature. These trends, and these dramatic prospects, raise profound ethical questions. They have generated intense public debate and have become a central topic of discussion within practical ethics. Should we side with bioconservatives, and forgo the use of any biomedical interventions aimed at enhancing human capacities? Should we side with transhumanists and embrace the new opportunities? Or should we perhaps plot some middle course? Human Enhancement presents the latest moves in this crucial debate: original contributions from many of the world's leading ethicists and moral thinkers, representing a wide range of perspectives, advocates and sceptics, enthusiasts and moderates. These are the arguments that will determine how humanity develops in the near future.

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Author : Leahey
Genre : Psychology

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Author : Nicholas Rescher
Genre : Science

Summary : Perfected science is but an idealization that provides a useful contrast to highlight the limited character of what we do and can attain. This lies at the core of various debates in the philosophy of science and Rescher’s discussion focuses on the question: how far could science go in principle—what are the theoretical limits on science? He concentrates on what science can discover, not what it should discover. He explores in detail the existence of limits or limitations on scientific inquiry, especially those that, in principle, preclude the full realization of the aims of science, as opposed to those that relate to economic obstacles to scientific progress. Rescher also places his argument within the politics of the day, where "strident calls of ideological extremes surround us," ranging from the exaggeration that "science can do anything"—to the antiscientism that views science as a costly diversion we would be well advised to abandon. Rescher offers a middle path between these two extremes and provides an appreciation of the actual powers and limitations of science, not only to philosophers of science but also to a larger, less specialized audience.

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Author : Shulamith Firestone
Genre : Social Science

Summary : "No one can understand how feminism has evolved without reading this radical, inflammatory second-wave landmark." —Naomi Wolf Originally published in 1970, when Shulamith Firestone was just twenty-five years old, and going on to become a bestseller, The Dialectic of Sex was the first book of the women's liberation movement to put forth a feminist theory of politics. Beginning with a look at the radical and grassroots history of the first wave (with its foundation in the abolition movement of the time), Firestone documents its major victory, the granting of the vote to women in 1920, and the fifty years of ridicule that followed. She goes on to deftly synthesize the work of Freud, Marx, de Beauvoir, and Engels to create a cogent argument for feminist revolution. Identifying women as a caste, she declares that they must seize the means of reproduction—for as long as women (and only women) are required to bear and rear children, they will be singled out as inferior. Ultimately she presents feminism as the key radical ideology, the missing link between Marx and Freud, uniting their visions of the political and the personal. In the wake of recent headlines bemoaning women's squandered fertility and the ongoing debate over the appropriate role of genetics in the future of humanity, The Dialectic of Sex is revealed as remarkably relevant to today's society—a testament to Shulamith Firestone's startlingly prescient vision. Firestone died in 2012, but her ideas live on through this extraordinary book.