Air Pollution And The Regulated Electric Power And Natural Gas Industries
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Air Pollution And The Regulated Electric Power And Natural Gas Industries
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Author : United States. Federal Power Commission
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1968
Air Pollution And The Regulated Electric Power And Natural Gas Industries written by United States. Federal Power Commission and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1968 with Air categories.
Air Pollution And The Regulated Electric Power And Natural Gas Industries
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Author : United States. Federal Power Commission
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1968
Air Pollution And The Regulated Electric Power And Natural Gas Industries written by United States. Federal Power Commission and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1968 with categories.
Pollution Politics And Power
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Author : Thomas O. McGarity
language : en
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Release Date : 2019-11-19
Pollution Politics And Power written by Thomas O. McGarity and has been published by Harvard University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-11-19 with Political Science categories.
The electric power industry has been transformed over the past forty years, becoming more reliable and resilient while meeting environmental goals. A big question now is how to prevent backsliding. Pollution, Politics, and Power tells the story of the remarkable transformation of the electric power industry over the last four decades. Electric power companies have morphed from highly polluting regulated monopolies into competitive, deregulated businesses that generate, transmit, and distribute cleaner electricity. Power companies are investing heavily in natural gas and utility-scale renewable resources and have stopped building new coal-fired plants. They facilitate end-use efficiency and purchase excess electricity produced by rooftop solar panels and backyard wind turbines, helping to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions. But these beneficial changes have come with costs. The once-powerful coal industry is on the edge of ruin, with existing coal-fired plants closing and coal mines shutting down. As a result, communities throughout Appalachia suffer from high unemployment and reduced resources, which have exacerbated a spiraling opioid epidemic. The Trump administration’s efforts to revive the coal industry by scaling back environmental controls and reregulating electricity prices have had little effect on the coal industry’s decline. Major advances therefore come with warning signs, which we must heed in charting the continuing course of sustainable electricity. In Pollution, Politics, and Power, Thomas O. McGarity examines the progress made, details lessons learned, and looks to the future with suggestions for building a more sustainable grid while easing the economic downsides of coal’s demise.
Air Pollution The Regulated Electric Power Natural Gas Is
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Author : U.S. FEDERAL POWER COMMISSION
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date :
Air Pollution The Regulated Electric Power Natural Gas Is written by U.S. FEDERAL POWER COMMISSION and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.
Struggling For Air
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Author : Richard Revesz
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2015-12-08
Struggling For Air written by Richard Revesz and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-12-08 with Law categories.
Since the beginning of the Obama Administration, conservative politicians have railed against the President's "War on Coal." As evidence of this supposed siege, they point to a series of rules issued by the Environmental Protection Agency that aim to slash air pollution from the nation's power sector . Because coal produces far more pollution than any other major energy source, these rules are expected to further reduce its already shrinking share of the electricity market in favor of cleaner options like natural gas and solar power. But the EPA's policies are hardly the "unprecedented regulatory assault " that opponents make them out to be. Instead, they are merely the latest chapter in a multi-decade struggle to overcome a tragic flaw in our nation's most important environmental law. In 1970, Congress passed the Clean Air Act, which had the remarkably ambitious goal of eliminating essentially all air pollution that posed a threat to public health or welfare. But there was a problem: for some of the most common pollutants, Congress empowered the EPA to set emission limits only for newly constructed industrial facilities, most notably power plants. Existing plants, by contrast, would be largely exempt from direct federal regulation-a regulatory practice known as "grandfathering." What lawmakers didn't anticipate was that imposing costly requirements on new plants while giving existing ones a pass would simply encourage those old plants to stay in business much longer than originally planned. Since 1970, the core problems of U.S. environmental policy have flowed inexorably from the smokestacks of these coal-fired clunkers, which continue to pollute at far higher rates than their younger peers. In Struggling for Air, Richard L. Revesz and Jack Lienke chronicle the political compromises that gave rise to grandfathering, its deadly consequences, and the repeated attempts-by presidential administrations of both parties-to make things right.
Electric Power And The Environment
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Author : United States. Office of Science and Technology. Energy Policy Staff
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1970
Electric Power And The Environment written by United States. Office of Science and Technology. Energy Policy Staff and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1970 with Building sites categories.
Air Pollution And The Regulated Electric Power And Natural Gas Industries
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Author : United States. Federal Power Commission
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1968
Air Pollution And The Regulated Electric Power And Natural Gas Industries written by United States. Federal Power Commission and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1968 with Air categories.
The Natural Gas Sector
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Author : Arnold Reed
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
The Natural Gas Sector written by Arnold Reed and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with Natural gas categories.
Recent expansion in natural gas production has made the resource an increasingly significant component in the U.S. energy market. Further, a number of policies recently proposed and/or promulgated at the federal, state, and local levels may serve to accelerate this development. Examples of federal policies include U.S. Environmental Protection Agency air standards for power plants and vehicles, as well as bills introduced in the 114th Congress to promote increased natural gas production on federal lands, amend provisions in the tax code to incentivize natural gas production and use, and streamline the approval, permitting, and/or construction of natural gas infrastructure. Many of these proposals promote technology and infrastructure investments that could be significant and long lasting. For this reason, some stakeholders recommend a thorough analysis of the costs and benefits of these proposals as well as a full assessment of the economic and environmental impacts of increased natural gas development. Fuel-switching strategies from other fossil fuels to natural gas have the potential to impact many segments of the general economy, including jobs, investments, infrastructure, national security, human health, safety, and the environment. The net climate impact of replacing other fossil fuels with natural gas depends upon a number of analytic assumptions, including the choice of fuel, end-use sector, equipment, and processes modeled. This book presents a comparative analysis of the potential climate implications of switching from coal to natural gas in the domestic electric power generating sector. Furthermore, this book provides information on the natural gas industry and the types and sources of air pollutants in the sector. It examines the role of the federal government in regulating these emissions, including the provisions in the Clean Air Act and EPAs regulatory activities. It concludes with a brief discussion of the aforementioned outstanding issues.
Powerplant And Industrial Fuel Use Act Annual Report
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Author : United States. Department of Energy. Economic Regulatory Administration
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1982
Powerplant And Industrial Fuel Use Act Annual Report written by United States. Department of Energy. Economic Regulatory Administration and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1982 with Electric power-plants categories.
Environmental Regulation And The Electric Power Industry
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Author : Douglas Christopher Mitarotonda
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009
Environmental Regulation And The Electric Power Industry written by Douglas Christopher Mitarotonda and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with categories.
The reliable supply of electricity over an electrical network is essential for modern societies. The electrical network is a complex grid connecting electric generation units, or generators, with the consumers who use the energy to meet their daily needs. In order to successfully provide electric energy to consumers each day, certain regulations are implemented by the regional dispatcher of electricity to ensure its uninterrupted delivery even if a mild contingency occurs. Unlike the electric energy consumed by each individual consumer, which is a private good because consumers use and pay for exactly what they use, the electric reliability supplied over the network is a public good. This is because all consumers in a region receive the same level of electric reliability, no matter how much electricity is individually consumed. While the reliable supply of electricity is crucial, there is also serious concern about the negative environmental impacts of the air pollution created by these generators. Depending on the type of air pollutant, it can have either a uniform or localized impact, called global or criteria pollutants, respectively. Though global and criteria pollutants impact the environment differently, both have properties of public goods because all consumers in the region affected by the pollutant receive the same level of air pollution, no matter how much electricity is individually consumed. Further complicating the layering of environmental regulation on top of electric reliability regulation is that the path of electricity over the network, the dispersion of global pollutants through the air, and the dispersion of criteria pollutants through the air generally differ. In order to explore the interactions of electric reliability and environmental regulation, both a theoretical and numerical simulation framework is built. The main exploration of the theoretical model is to compare, while considering electric reliability and environmental pollution, the social welfare maximizing solution to the competitive market solution. This is done to determine if competitive markets for electricity and either global or criteria air pollutants can achieve the socially optimal solution. In addition to the theoretical analysis, numerical simulations of a highly simplified electricity network and airshed for Northeastern North America are built. The model is exercised under varying combinations of variables in order to test the practical significance of the theoretical results. The adjustment of the model variables allows for meaningful research in two primary areas. The first area is understanding the policy impacts of environmental regulation, such as the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI), when faced with various constraints on the electric grid, such as a required reserve margin. The second area is to study varying methodological practices for modeling the electric grid by comparing alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) simulation results and the effect of their different estimates of line constraints based upon both thermal load and voltage level. The results of the theoretical analysis lead to the conclusion that after assuming a central planner has set variables surrounding the transmission grid, complicating interdependencies in markets for criteria pollutants make achieving the socially optimal solution unlikely. Markets for global pollutants can more easily achieve the socially optimal solution due to the lack of these interdependencies. The numerical simulations demonstrate a major issue that can arise in attempts to regulate air pollution on a regional basis in a policy such as the RGGI. "Leakage" occurs when the cost of generating electricity to pollution emitting generators in the regions where air pollution regulation applies is increased, inducing larger imports of electricity from external unregulated regions that do not face the same emission cost. The resulting outcome may diminish the effectiveness of the regulation in reducing pollution or, in the worst case, increase total emissions. The outcome of the simulations shows that leakage is a major concern for the RGGI's ability to reduce net emissions. The numerical simulations also demonstrate that the outcomes critically depend on the methodology used in solving the system. Both a DC approximation of the actual AC system (flows are modeled by linear equations in a DC network) and the more realistic non-linear AC network that includes constraints on voltage levels (a public good that in reality must be kept within bounds) are modeled. In addition, the electric transmission power constraints are relaxed to examine their importance. The difference in complexity between AC modeling and DC modeling as well as transmission constraints become especially important when the network is operated at high prices for the regulated air pollutants, causing significant changes to the mix of the fuel type used by dispatched generators.