Global Climate Change And Cold Regions Ecosystems
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Global Climate Change And Cold Regions Ecosystems
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Author : John M. Kimble
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2000-06-28
Global Climate Change And Cold Regions Ecosystems written by John M. Kimble and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-06-28 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Global Climate Change and Cold Regions Ecosystems provides information on soil processes and the carbon cycle in cold ecoregions as well as the soil carbon pool and its fluxes in the soils of cold ecoregions. Filling a void in this area of soil science, this resource explains soil processes influencing C dynamics under natural and disturbed ecosystems. The soils of the cold region ecosystems serve as a net sink of atmospheric C. However, an increase in global temperature could render them a net source. In the event of global warming, the cold regions ecosystems-arctic, sub-arctic, alpine, Antarctic, boreal forests, and peatlands-will undergo radical changes. Potential environmental change could drastically increase the active soil layer and influence the large C pool found in them. Topics include: soil C pools in different cold ecoregions, the impact of natural and anthropogenic disturbances on the soil C pool, the method of assessment of C and other properties of soils of the cold regions ecosytems while focusing on the fate of C in permafrost soils. Global Climate Change and Cold Regions Ecosystems covers the current and possible future effects of the cold ecoregions soil C pool on the global carbon pool.
Responses To Climate Change In The Cold Biomes
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Author : Hans J. De Boeck
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2019-06-05
Responses To Climate Change In The Cold Biomes written by Hans J. De Boeck and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-06-05 with categories.
Climate change is thought to be especially relevant to ecosystems in the cold biomes. Observed warming has been higher in cold climates through various positive feedbacks, especially declining snow and ice cover, and climate projections indicate further rapid warming in the decades to come. Temperature change can have profound impacts in cold biome ecosystems, either directly in terms of impacts on physiology or growing season length, or indirectly via changes in nutrient cycling. The regions focused on here are the (sub)arctic and the (sub)alpine areas, both characterized by short growing seasons and low annual temperatures, but with different radiation environments depending on latitude. Climate change can have impacts in all seasons. Increased spring temperatures can accelerate snowmelt, leading to an earlier onset of the growing season, while warmer summers may stimulate primary productivity through temperatures closer to metabolic optima and/or increased mineralization rates. Winter warming can lead to the vegetation being damaged because of exposure to harsh frost without insulating snow cover. In all of this, concurrent changes in precipitation also play an important role: increased snowfall can buffer warming-induced advances in snowmelt, a higher ratio of rain to snow can greatly accelerate snowmelt in winter and spring, and summer drought may reverse growth-stimulation by warming directly (drought stress) or indirectly (e.g. impaired nutrient uptake). Micro-climate is crucial in these systems and requires particular attention as it can vary widely across the landscape, creating different growing environments in the space of a few meters or even less. Interest in cold region responses to climate change does not only arise from the fact that they harbor unique ecosystems that may be endangered, but also because they store large amounts of carbon that may be released under climate change. However, research is challenging because of the remoteness of many of these areas and the harsh conditions during much of the year. In spite of this, some studies have been carried out over an extensive period, spanning decades and yielding information on for example plant community reorganization (including invasions), and changes in phenology above- and/or belowground. Other studies focus on shorter term effects, such as impacts of heat waves, late frosts or other anomalous weather, including longer term (after-) effects that may differ drastically from other regions because of the short growing season in cold climates. Ultimately, models are used to predict future changes in vegetation along latitudinal or elevational gradients, although phenology and microclimatic variation may pose particular challenges. Contributions to this Research Topic focus on climate change, encompassing both changes in the mean (gradual warming) and variability (heat waves, altered precipitation distribution) in cold biomes. The Topic contains reports on observed changes or events, but also research making use of experimentally imposed environmental changes. The focus is varied, including phenology, physiology, soil and vegetation science and biogeochemistry, with the aim of providing a comprehensive overview of observed and expected responses to climate change in cold biome ecosystems.
Greenhouse Impact On Cold Climate Ecosystems And Landscapes
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Author : M. Boer
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1992
Greenhouse Impact On Cold Climate Ecosystems And Landscapes written by M. Boer and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with Biotic communities categories.
Global Change And Arctic Terrestrial Ecosystems
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Author : Walter C. Oechel
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Global Change And Arctic Terrestrial Ecosystems written by Walter C. Oechel and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
Global warming is likely to have the greatest impact at high latitudes, making the Arctic an important region both for detecting global climate change and for studying its effects on terrestrial ecosystems. The chapters in this volume address current and anticipated impacts of global climate change on Arctic organisms, populations, ecosystem structure and function, biological diversity, and the atmosphere.
Changing Ecosystems
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Author : Julie Kerr Casper
language : en
Publisher: Infobase Publishing
Release Date : 2010
Changing Ecosystems written by Julie Kerr Casper and has been published by Infobase Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Biotic communities categories.
Take a provocative look at how human activities affect the distribution of species and their critical habitats, increase the occurrence of severe weather and droughts, contribute to rising sea levels, and instigate myriad health and quality-of-life issues.
Understanding Present And Past Arctic Environments
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Author : Neloy Khare
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2021-08-20
Understanding Present And Past Arctic Environments written by Neloy Khare and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-08-20 with Science categories.
Understanding Present and Past Arctic Environments: An Integrated Approach from Climate Change Perspectives provides a fully comprehensive overview of the past, present and future outlook for this incredibly diverse and important region. Through a series of contributed chapters, the book explores changes to this environment that are attributed to the effects of climate change. The book explores the current effects climate change has had on Arctic environments and ecosystems, our current understanding of the effects climate change is having, the effects climate change is having on the atmospheric and ocean processes in this region. The Arctic region is predicted to experience the earliest and most pronounced global warming response to human-induced climatic change, thus a better understanding is vital. Presents a thorough understanding of the Arctic, it’s past, present and future Provides an integrated assessment of the Arctic climate system, recognizing that a true understanding of its functions lies in appreciating the interactions and linkages among its various components Brings together many of the world's leading Arctic researchers to describe this diverse environment and its ecology
Climatology In Cold Regions
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Author : Chenghai Wang
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2023-02-07
Climatology In Cold Regions written by Chenghai Wang and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-02-07 with Science categories.
Climatology in Cold Regions A groundbreaking interdisciplinary study of cold-region weather systems and their vital role in predicting climate change across the globe Climatology in Cold Regions explores the complexities of land−atmospheric interaction across the Earth’s cryosphere, systematically placing soil thawing, snow melting, surface diabatic heating, and other processes within the context of broader climatological models. Drawing from a wealth of new data, leading atmospheric scientist Chenghai Wang illustrates how cold-region weather systems can be parameterized to improve seasonal climate prediction and provide crucial insights into projected changes in climate over the next 50-100 years. The book opens with an introduction to the characteristics and classification of cold-region climatology, followed by a detailed description of the primary weather systems and land surface processes in cold regions. The core of the book presents a new approach for seasonal climate prediction using signals obtained from cryospheric processes, supported by a discussion of climate disasters and the impact of climate change on the ecology of cold regions. Introduces a new way of modeling climate in cold regions Offers novel approaches for assessing climate signals from cold regions in seasonal and sub-seasonal predictions Presents new data on the role of cold-region climatology in forecasting and driving global temperature changes Discusses the role of cold regions as the main source of global freshwater supply A significant contribution to climate research and beyond, Climatology in Cold Regions is essential reading for students, scientists, and researchers in the atmospheric sciences, meteorology, ecology, hydrology, and Earth sciences.
Climate Change And Its Biological Consequences
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Author : David Murray Gates
language : en
Publisher: Sinauer Associates, Incorporated
Release Date : 1993
Climate Change And Its Biological Consequences written by David Murray Gates and has been published by Sinauer Associates, Incorporated this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with Climatic changes categories.
Describes the forces that shape the earth's climate and how climate change, particularly greenhouse warming, may impact ecosystems and agriculture. Past climates and past ecosystem changes are reviewed in order to best understand the future. Scientists are predicting a 3 C increase in the Earth's climate within 75 to 100 years. This rate of temperature change and the warmer conditions will stress many organisms and probably realign some ecosystems. Special events, such as El Nino and the stratospheric ozone hole, are significant features of global change considered.
Frontiers In Understanding Climate Change And Polar Ecosystems
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2011-06-02
Frontiers In Understanding Climate Change And Polar Ecosystems written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-06-02 with Science categories.
The polar regions are experiencing rapid changes in climate. These changes are causing observable ecological impacts of various types and degrees of severity at all ecosystem levels, including society. Even larger changes and more significant impacts are anticipated. As species respond to changing environments over time, their interactions with the physical world and other organisms can also change. This chain of interactions can trigger cascades of impacts throughout entire ecosystems. Evaluating the interrelated physical, chemical, biological, and societal components of polar ecosystems is essential to understanding their vulnerability and resilience to climate forcing. The Polar Research Board (PRB) organized a workshop to address these issues. Experts gathered from a variety of disciplines with knowledge of both the Arctic and Antarctic regions. Participants were challenged to consider what is currently known about climate change and polar ecosystems and to identify the next big questions in the field. A set of interdisciplinary "frontier questions" emerged from the workshop discussions as important topics to be addressed in the coming decades. To begin to address these questions, workshop participants discussed the need for holistic, interdisciplinary systems approach to understanding polar ecosystem responses to climate change. As an outcome of the workshop, participants brainstormed methods and technologies that are crucial to advance the understanding of polar ecosystems and to promote the next generation of polar research. These include new and emerging technologies, sustained long-term observations, data synthesis and management, and data dissemination and outreach.
Ecological Impacts Of Climate Change
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2008-12-07
Ecological Impacts Of Climate Change written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-12-07 with Science categories.
The world's climate is changing, and it will continue to change throughout the 21st century and beyond. Rising temperatures, new precipitation patterns, and other changes are already affecting many aspects of human society and the natural world. In this book, the National Research Council provides a broad overview of the ecological impacts of climate change, and a series of examples of impacts of different kinds. The book was written as a basis for a forthcoming illustrated booklet, designed to provide the public with accurate scientific information on this important subject.