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Highly Efficient Long Wavelength Infrared Step Taper Active Region Quantum Cascade Lasers

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Highly Efficient Long Wavelength Infrared Step Taper Active Region Quantum Cascade Lasers

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Author : Kevin Michael Oresick
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021

Highly Efficient Long Wavelength Infrared Step Taper Active Region Quantum Cascade Lasers written by Kevin Michael Oresick and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with categories.

Quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) are semiconductor lasers that emit in the mid- to far-infrared and employ intersubband transitions in multiple quantum-well structures. Conventionally, the active region of QCLs has consisted of quantum wells and barriers of fixed-alloy composition. That has led to severe carrier leakage from the upper-laser level and injector states, evidenced by strong temperature dependences of the device characteristics, which resulted in low values for wall-plug efficiency [eta]wp of CW-operating devices. We have devised in the past means for carrier-leakage suppression, and have recently derived a comprehensive carrier-leakage formalism that bridges the gap between theoretical and experimental values for the internal efficiency. Here we present a refinement of the comprehensive carrier-leakage formalism and employ it for comparing our band-engineered ~ 8 [mu]m-emitting QCL, so-called step-tapered active-region (STA), to a conventional ~ 8 [mu]m-emitting QCL. We find that the internal efficiency reaches a high value of ~ 73.6%, due to record-high injection- and laser-transition efficiencies. Experimentally we obtain a single-facet [eta]wp value of 10.6%, a record-high value for 8-11 Îơm-emitting QCLs grown by MOCVD. Then, by using both band- and interface-roughness (IFR)-scattering - engineering we designed an optimized 8.2 [mu]m-emitting STA-QCL that reaches a record-high injection efficiency of 89.5%. By minimizing the waveguide loss and raising the doping level the device reaches a record-high internal efficiency (80%) for ~ 8 [mu]m-emitting QCLs as well as a projected [eta]wp value of 11.2%. The studies are extended to devices of higher layer-interface quality, grown by two different techniques. As a result, we obtain [eta]wp values as high as 15.6 %. In addition, the optimized STA-QCL has a lower-level lifetime dominated by IFR scattering, which makes it amenable to further optimization via IFR engineering. Finally, we analyze an ~ 8 [mu]m-emitting QCLs that holds the world record [eta]wp value, primarily due to low voltages via the realization of photon-induced carrier transport. We find that the device has significant carrier leakage, and show that our optimized STA QCL can reach comparable [eta]wp values if high-quality interfaces are employed. We then derive ultimate limits for the [eta]wp value in the 7-11 [mu]m wavelength range.

Mid Infrared And Terahertz Quantum Cascade Lasers

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Author : Dan Botez
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2023-09-14

Mid Infrared And Terahertz Quantum Cascade Lasers written by Dan Botez and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-09-14 with Technology & Engineering categories.

Discover how mid-infrared and terahertz photonics has been revolutionized in this comprehensive overview of state-of-the art quantum cascade lasers (QCLs). Combining real-world examples with expert guidance, it provides a thorough treatment of practical applications, including high-power continuous-wave QCLs, frequency-comb devices, quantum-electronic transport and thermal transport modeling, and beam shaping in QCLs. With a focus on recent developments, such as frequency noise and frequency stabilization of QCLs, grating-outcoupled surface-emitting mid-infrared QCLs, coherent-power scaling of mid-IR and THz QCLs, metasurface-based surface-emitting THz QCLs, self-mixing in QCLs, and THz QCL sources based on difference-frequency generation, it also features detailed theoretical explanations of means for efficiency maximization, design criteria for high-power continuous-wave operation of QCLs, and QCL thermal modeling, enabling you to improve performance of current and future devices. Paving the way for new applications and further advancements, this is an invaluable resource for academics, researchers, and practitioners in electrical, opto-electronic, and photonic engineering.

Mid Infrared Optoelectronics

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Author : Eric Tournié
language : en
Publisher: Woodhead Publishing
Release Date : 2019-10-19

Mid Infrared Optoelectronics written by Eric Tournié and has been published by Woodhead Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-10-19 with Technology & Engineering categories.

Mid-infrared Optoelectronics: Materials, Devices, and Applications addresses the new materials, devices and applications that have emerged over the last decade, along with exciting areas of research. Sections cover fundamentals, light sources, photodetectors, new approaches, and the application of mid-IR devices, with sections discussing LEDs, laser diodes, and quantum cascade lasers, mid-infrared optoelectronics, emerging research areas, dilute bismide and nitride alloys, Group-IV materials, gallium nitride heterostructures, and new nonlinear materials. Finally, the most relevant applications of mid-infrared devices are reviewed in industry, gas sensing, spectroscopy, and imaging. This book presents a key reference for materials scientists, engineers and professionals working in R&D in the area of semiconductors and optoelectronics. - Provides a comprehensive overview of mid-infrared photodetectors and light sources and the latest materials and devices - Reviews emerging areas of research in the field of mid-infrared optoelectronics, including new materials, such as wide bandgap materials, chalcogenides and new approaches, like heterogeneous integration - Includes information on the most relevant applications in industry, like gas sensing, spectroscopy and imaging