Nanostructured Polymer Blends
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Nanostructured Polymer Blends
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Author : Sabu Thomas
language : en
Publisher: William Andrew
Release Date : 2013-11-28
Nanostructured Polymer Blends written by Sabu Thomas and has been published by William Andrew this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-28 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Over 30% of commercial polymers are blends or alloys or one kind or another. Nanostructured blends offer the scientist or plastics engineer a new range of possibilities with characteristics including thermodynamic stablility; the potential to improve material transparency, creep and solvent resistance; the potential to simultaneously increase tensile strength and ductility; superior rheological properties; and relatively low cost. Nanostructured Polymer Blends opens up immense structural possibilities via chemical and mechanical modifications that generate novel properties and functions and high-performance characteristics at a low cost. The emerging applications of these new materials cover a wide range of industry sectors, encompassing the coatings and adhesives industry, electronics, energy (photovoltaics), aerospace and medical devices (where polymer blends provide innovations in biocompatible materials). This book explains the science of nanostructure formation and the nature of interphase formations, demystifies the design of nanostructured blends to achieve specific properties, and introduces the applications for this important new class of nanomaterial. All the key topics related to recent advances in blends are covered: IPNs, phase morphologies, composites and nanocomposites, nanostructure formation, the chemistry and structure of additives, etc. Introduces the science and technology of nanostructured polymer blends – and the procedures involved in melt blending and chemical blending to produce new materials with specific performance characteristics Unlocks the potential of nanostructured polymer blends for applications across sectors, including electronics, energy/photovoltaics, aerospace/automotive, and medical devices (biocompatible polymers) Explains the performance benefits in areas including rheological properties, thermodynamic stablility, material transparency, solvent resistance, etc.
Nanostructured Polymer Blends
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Author : Chandran C. Sarath
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters
Release Date : 2013-11-28
Nanostructured Polymer Blends written by Chandran C. Sarath and has been published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-28 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Miscibility and compatibility in polymer blends is a topic of great academic and industrial importance. This is because miscibility and compatibility contribute to morphology, properties, and performance. Miscibility results in one phase; compatibility creates a disperse phase with size and stability determined by interfacial interactions. Miscible polymer properties are averaged similar to a plasticizer polymer, and compatible polymers retain properties of each component, such as toughening or reinforcement. With miscible polymer blends the continuous phase dominates properties; the disperse phase contributes via stress transfer. This chapter revisits the criteria for miscibility or compatibility in polymer blends and the contributors of compatibility compared with miscibility and incompatibility. Development of copolymers and their blending with thermosets and thermoplastics result in complex two-phase morphologies. The dynamics of phase separation observed in polymer blends leading to different morphologies and the criteria for phase separation is explained. A nanometer-dispersed phase requires strong interfacial interactions to stabilize the large interfacial area, and this is favored by rapid spinodal phase separation compared with size diminution by high shear. Nanoblends open up a new arena for polymer blends, and research shows that nanoblends have outstanding optical and mechanical properties.
Nanostructured Polymer Blends
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Author : Juan Rodríguez-Hernández
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters
Release Date : 2013-11-28
Nanostructured Polymer Blends written by Juan Rodríguez-Hernández and has been published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-28 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The design of polymer blends constitutes an interesting alternative to obtaining micro- and nanostructured surfaces. The cost is reasonable and it is free from time-consuming procedures. Blending of polymers can yield materials with unprecedented properties that cannot be provided otherwise by using a single polymer. The free surface topography of polymer blend films, often related to phase domain structure, is critical to the applications. Two main aspects need to be considered in the preparation of multistructured blends: the interfaces involved and the morphology to be obtained. The control of these two aspects depends further on materials-related parameters involving the composition of the blend, the interfacial tension or viscosity ratio, and the processing conditions related to the temperature, time, or intensity of mixing, among others. Both domain structure and topography of the blend films have garnered increasing interest over the past decade. This chapter describes the nanomicrostructures formed at the polymer surface from polymer blends. Despite the crucial role that surfaces play in the final application of the material, up to now most of the studies concerning polymer blends have been related to the control of the mechanical properties (toughness, stiffness, thermal expansion, etc.), their barrier properties, or the electrical conductivity. This chapter focuses on the analysis of the structured polymer surfaces and thin films, giving an overview of the role of these structures on the final application. The principles of phase separation and the resulting structures formed are briefly discussed, followed by a wide overview of the possibilities of producing stimuli-responsive interfaces by introducing, among other things, pH- or temperature-responsive polymers within the blend. Finally, we look at how using particular preparation conditions and/or self-assembly of block copolymers, the formation of films and surfaces with hierarchical order length-scales can be induced. We also examine the main areas in which multiscale-ordered interfaces obtained from polymer blends have been applied.
Nanostructured Polymer Blends
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Author : Roberto Scaffaro
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters
Release Date : 2013-11-28
Nanostructured Polymer Blends written by Roberto Scaffaro and has been published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-28 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Nanofillers can play two important roles in polymer blends. The first is the improvement of various properties such as mechanical, barrier, thermal, flame retardancy, and electrical properties. The second is the modification of miscibility/compatibility and morphology of polymer blends. The mechanism of action of nanoparticles to modify the morphology, interfacial properties, and performance of immiscible polymer blends relies on their localization, their interactions with polymer components, and the way these additives disperse within the polymer blend. The objective of this chapter is to review the research on nanofilled thermoplastic/thermoplastic polymer blends, paying particular attention both to the distribution of nanoparticles inside a binary polymer blend and to the effect of nanofillers on the morphology and on the properties of the thermoplastic polymer blends. In a large majority of cases, thermoplastic polymer blends filled with nanoparticles show better compatibility in terms of morphology size than pure blends. Moreover, the formation of a cocontinuous structure is promoted by the presence of the nanofiller.
Nanostructured Polymer Blends
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Author : Robert A. Shanks
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters
Release Date : 2013-11-28
Nanostructured Polymer Blends written by Robert A. Shanks and has been published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-28 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Many nanostructured materials have been and are being prepared with increasing control over molecular configurations, conformations, and supramolecular assembly. These nanomaterials place an increasing challenge for characterization techniques to confirm the proposed structure and morphology. Several techniques are widely available, with increasing degrees of sophistication. Ideal techniques are those where the natural scale of the technique, such as radiation wavelength, matches that of the size scale of features in the material. In the case of nanostructured polymer blends the features are dispersed polymer phases, filler particles, and interphases. Immediately electron microscopies and X-ray techniques are apparent. Adaptions of these and related techniques extend their capabilities for the nano range. In addition to experimental observations, methods for quantifying the images or data are needed for comparison between materials and modeling via theoretical equations, which in the limit may become molecular modeling. As needs arise instruments have been improved in detection, resolution, accuracy, and precision. Development of any nanomaterial requires support from a suite of increasingly capable instrumentation. This review concentrates on techniques that directly probe nanostructures with mention of related techniques that apply to any dimension scale, though provide important secondary data.
Nanostructured Polymer Blends
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Author : Emmanuel Rotimi Sadiku
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters
Release Date : 2013-11-28
Nanostructured Polymer Blends written by Emmanuel Rotimi Sadiku and has been published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-28 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Great progress has been made in the science and technology of polymer-based nanomaterials over the last decade. Nanostructured polymer systems have attracted much scientific and applied research interest. The last two decades have witnessed significant advances in polymer science and technology generally, but more so for polymer blends. The idea of blending two (or more) polymers, especially immiscible blends, has come with a lot of challenges. Achieving this has brought to the fore the art and science (and engineering) of compatibilization. During the last few decades, the addition of nanoparticles, nanowires, nanotubes, and so on has advanced even further the creation of blends, alloys, and composites with different polymers. In making these blends, intermediaries such as compatibilizers, coupling agents, and other additives are often employed to bring about blends that are satisfactory for the purposes they are intended to serve. Nanostructured polymer blends formation has strongly improved the properties and structural integrities of polymer blends, by employing compatibilization as a tool to achieve such properties and structural integrities of polymer blends. Reinforcing compatibilized polymer blends with nanosize additives has further strengthened the properties and integrities of polymer blends, alloys, and composites.
Nanostructured Polymer Blends
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Author : Oluranti Sadiku-Agboola
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters
Release Date : 2013-11-28
Nanostructured Polymer Blends written by Oluranti Sadiku-Agboola and has been published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-28 with Technology & Engineering categories.
In recent years there has been a great deal of research on the subject of nanostructured materials. Structure across a range of length scales has been of particular interest. Theoretical modeling of nanostructured formation in polymer blends has gained considerable momentum due to the increased interest in nanostructures, such as nanoparticles, nanotubes, nanopores, and so on. Polymers show universal behavior on long length and time scales. Usually, the size of an ideal polymer is calculated from the freely jointed polymer chain model. The solubility and interaction parameters in nanostructured polymer blends are reviewed. Several computer simulation models for predicting mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties of semicrystalline polymer and nanostructured polymer blends are discussed. Modeling of polymer in solution and the morphological control of nanostructured blends are also reviewed. Further development of nanostructured polymer blends depends on the fundamental understanding of their hierarchical structure and behavior, which requires multiscale modeling and simulation to provide various lengths and time scales. Atomistic-based simulation such as molecular dynamics, Monte Carlo, and molecular mechanics are addressed for the multiscale modeling of nanostructured polymer blends for material design. A mathematical model based on the Cahn–Hilliard nonlinear theory of phase separation is also discussed.
Design And Applications Of Nanostructured Polymer Blends And Nanocomposite Systems
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Author : Sabu Thomas
language : en
Publisher: William Andrew
Release Date : 2015-09-22
Design And Applications Of Nanostructured Polymer Blends And Nanocomposite Systems written by Sabu Thomas and has been published by William Andrew this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-09-22 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Design and Applications of Nanostructured Polymer Blend and Nanocomposite Systems offers readers an intelligent, thorough introduction to the design and applications of this new generation of designer polymers with customized properties. The book assembles and covers, in a unified way, the state-of-the-art developments of this less explored type of material. With a focus on nanostructured polymer blends, the book discusses the science of nanostructure formation and the potential performance benefits of nanostructured polymer blends and composites for applications across many sectors: electronics, coatings, adhesives, energy (photovoltaics), aerospace, automotive, and medical devices (biocompatible polymers). The book also describes the design, morphology, and structure of nanostructured polymer composites and blends to achieve specific properties. Covers all important information for designing and selecting the right nanostructured polymer system Provides specialized knowledge on self-repairing, nanofibre and nanostructured multiphase materials, as well as evaluation and testing of nanostructured polymer systems Serves as a reference guide for development of new products in industries ranging from electronics, coatings, and energy, to transport and medical applications Describes the design, morphology, and structure of nanostructured polymer composites and blends to achieve specific properties
Nanostructured Polymer Blends
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Author : Roberto Scaffaro
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters
Release Date : 2013-11-28
Nanostructured Polymer Blends written by Roberto Scaffaro and has been published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-28 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The usefulness of any material, including nanocomposite polymer blends, depends on its degradability and durability. Thus, this chapter reviews the status of the research on degradation of nanocomposite polymer blends and, in particular, on clay-nanocomposite polymer blends, paying particular attention to both the role of the filler and the role of the blend morphology and composition. The results of recent research indicate that the clay has two opposing effects on the thermal stability of a nanocomposite polymer blend: (1) a promoter effect of the polymer matrix degradation, which decreases the thermal stability, and (2) a barrier effect, which improves the thermal stability. Moreover, the presence of organoclays generally reduces the photostability of nanocomposite polymer blends. Despite the effect of the filler, blend morphology and blend composition can significantly affect, either positively or negatively, the degradation behavior of the polymer blend nanocomposites.
Nanostructured Polymer Blends
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Author : Yuan Meng
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters
Release Date : 2013-11-28
Nanostructured Polymer Blends written by Yuan Meng and has been published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-28 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The engineering of nanostructured thermosets with different modifiers has generated significant interest, since improved overall properties are promised by good control over monodispersed microdomains. Incorporation of block copolymers and hyperbranched polymers are acknowledged as two efficient strategies to build up such nano/microcomposites, bearing distinct phase-segregating behaviors owing to respective unique architectures. In this chapter, we aim to illustrate the interplay between matrix and modifier from a perspective of thermodynamics. The two most common mechanisms of thermoset/block copolymer demixing are interpreted; most obtained morphologies of thermoset/hyperbranched polymers are broadly correlated to the width of the phase-separation conversion window. General preparation methods as well as time-temperature-transition diagrams are given to guide practice. Thermal, mechanical, and dynamic properties are covered, with an emphasis on how the formation of various nanostructures actually influences these properties.