The Potential Effects Of Sodium Bicarbonate A Major Constituent Of Produced Waters From Coalbed Natural Gas Production On Aquatic Life
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The Potential Effects Of Sodium Bicarbonate A Major Constituent Of Produced Waters From Coalbed Natural Gas Production On Aquatic Life
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Author : U. S. Department U.S. Department of the Interior
language : en
Publisher: CreateSpace
Release Date : 2014-04-28
The Potential Effects Of Sodium Bicarbonate A Major Constituent Of Produced Waters From Coalbed Natural Gas Production On Aquatic Life written by U. S. Department U.S. Department of the Interior and has been published by CreateSpace this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-04-28 with categories.
A substantial expansion in coalbed natural gas production has taken place in the western United States. The production water from coalbed natural gas extraction contains many constituents. For some of these constituents, such as aluminum, ammonia, copper, lead, cadmium and zinc, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has established aquatic life criteria, and it is therefore possible to evaluate their risk to aquatic life.
Coal And Coalbed Gas
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Author : Romeo M. Flores
language : en
Publisher: Newnes
Release Date : 2013-10-19
Coal And Coalbed Gas written by Romeo M. Flores and has been published by Newnes this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-10-19 with Science categories.
Bridging the gap in expertise between coal and coalbed gas, subfields in which opportunities for cross training have been nonexistent, Coal and Coalbed Gas sets the standard for publishing in these areas. This book treats coal and coalbed gas as mutually inclusive commodities in terms of their interrelated origin, accumulation, composition, distribution, generation, and development, providing a balanced understanding of this energy mix. Currently considered a non-renewable energy resource, coalbed gas, or coalbed methane, is a form of natural gas extracted from coal beds. In recent years, countries have begun to seek and exploit coal for its clean gas energy in an effort to alleviate environmental issues that come with coal use, making a book on this topic particularly timely. This volume takes into account processes of coalification, gasification, and storage and reservoir characterization and evaluation and looks at water management and environmental impacts as well. Covers environmental issues in the development of coalbed gas Includes case studies, field guides and data, examples, and analytical procedures from previous studies and investigations Accessible by a large multidisciplinary market by one of the world's foremost experts on the topic
Management And Effects Of Coalbed Methane Produced Water In The Western United States
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2010-10-15
Management And Effects Of Coalbed Methane Produced Water In The Western United States written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-10-15 with Science categories.
In some coalbeds, naturally occurring water pressure holds methane-the main component of natural gas-fixed to coal surfaces and within the coal. In a coalbed methane (CBM) well, pumping water from the coalbeds lowers this pressure, facilitating the release of methane from the coal for extraction and use as an energy source. Water pumped from coalbeds during this process-CBM 'produced water'-is managed through some combination of treatment, disposal, storage, or use, subject to compliance with federal and state regulations. CBM produced water management can be challenging for regulatory agencies, CBM well operators, water treatment companies, policy makers, landowners, and the public because of differences in the quality and quantity of produced water; available infrastructure; costs to treat, store, and transport produced water; and states' legal consideration of water and produced water. Some states consider produced water as waste, whereas others consider it a beneficial byproduct of methane production. Thus, although current technologies allow CBM produced water to be treated to any desired water quality, the majority of CBM produced water is presently being disposed of at least cost rather than put to beneficial use. This book specifically examines the Powder River, San Juan, Raton, Piceance, and Uinta CBM basins in the states of Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah. The conclusions and recommendations identify gaps in data and information, potential beneficial uses of CBM produced water and associated costs, and challenges in the existing regulatory framework.
Scientific Investigations Report
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Author : Sharon E. Kroening
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
Scientific Investigations Report written by Sharon E. Kroening and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Earth sciences categories.
Produced Water
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Author : Kenneth Lee
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2011-09-18
Produced Water written by Kenneth Lee and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-09-18 with Technology & Engineering categories.
A state-of-the-art review of scientific knowledge on the environmental risk of ocean discharge of produced water and advances in mitigation technologies. In offshore oil and gas operations, produced water (the water produced with oil or gas from a well) accounts for the largest waste stream (in terms of volume discharged). Its discharge is continuous during oil and gas production and typically increases in volume over the lifetime of an offshore production platform. Produced water discharge as waste into the ocean has become an environmental concern because of its potential contaminant content. Environmental risk assessments of ocean discharge of produced water have yielded different results. For example, several laboratory and field studies have shown that significant acute toxic effects cannot be detected beyond the "point of discharge" due to rapid dilution in the receiving waters. However, there is some preliminary evidence of chronic sub-lethal impacts in biota associated with the discharge of produced water from oil and gas fields within the North Sea. As the composition and concentration of potential produced water contaminants may vary from one geologic formation to another, this conference also highlights the results of recent studies in Atlantic Canada.
Bioaccumulation In Marine Organisms
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Author : J.M. Neff
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2002-04-16
Bioaccumulation In Marine Organisms written by J.M. Neff and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-04-16 with Science categories.
Large volumes of produced water are generated and discharged to the coastal and ocean waters worldwide from offshore oil and gas production facilities. There is concern that the chemicals in the produced water may harm marine ecosystems. This book summarizes the bioavailability and marine ecotoxicology of metal and organic contaminants that may occur in oil well produced water at concentrations significantly higher than those in ambient seawater. The contaminants of concern include arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, mercury, radium isotopes, zinc, monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, and bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate. The first part of the book is a detailed discussion of the chemical composition of produced water from offshore oil wells worldwide and its fates following discharge to the ocean. The remaining chapters of the book summarize the current scientific literature on the sources and distributions in the ocean of each of the contaminants of concern and their bioaccumulation and toxicity to marine organisms. This book will be of value to: environmental scientists in the oil and gas industry; marine toxicologists and ecological risk assessors in academia, government, and industry; government regulatory agencies concerned with marine environmental protection. The book advances the concept that bioavailability evaluation must be included in all ecological risk assessments and other environmental assessments of chemical contaminants in marine and freshwater ecosystems.
Oil Gas Produced Water Management
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Author : Eric M.V. Hoek
language : en
Publisher: Morgan & Claypool Publishers
Release Date : 2021-05-10
Oil Gas Produced Water Management written by Eric M.V. Hoek and has been published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-05-10 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book outlines the technologies and techniques used in the oil & gas industry’s shift from treating produced water as a “waste stream” to an integrated water management approach. Produced water is formed underground and brought to the surface during oil & gas (O&G) production and exploration and production (E&P) operations. It is usually a complex mixture of inorganics and organics and contributes to the largest volume waste stream of O&G and E&P operations. Traditionally, produced water has been considered a waste and conventional management strategies include disposal (typically by injection into depleted wells or permitted disposal wells), recycling (direct reuse within the E&P operation) and reuse (treatment and reuse offsite for food crop irrigation, livestock watering or industrial use). The O&G industry is going through a paradigm shift where scarcity of water, economics of water management, declining oil costs, and increasing focus on environmental and ecological stewardship are shifting the focus toward integrated water management in E&P operations. Water is no longer a problem to be delegated to a third-party disposal or treatment vendor, but is becoming a cornerstone of O&G production. This is a summary of produced water characteristics, regulations and management options, produced water treatment fundamentals, and a detailed discussion of process equipment and advantages/disadvantages of currently available treatment processes. It provides a guide for selecting appropriate technologies for the desired application and points toward the optimization of current technologies and the use of combined treatment processes to meet reuse and discharge limits and critically, more stringent environmental regulations.
Coalbed Methane In India
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Author : Ajay Kumar Singh
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-01-30
Coalbed Methane In India written by Ajay Kumar Singh and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-01-30 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book offers a first-of-its-kind, standalone review of coalbed methane (CBM) in India, covering all the major technical and policy aspects. As an authoritative text on CBM in India, it addresses the essential geological, engineering and policy issues. The Coalbed Methane industry is a rapidly developing sector in Indian energy supply. The book presents the characteristics of coal beds in India’s Damodar and Son river valleys, which influence the commercial viability of CBM in the regions, as well as a study of the gas contents of the country’s major coalfields. The book begins with a brief review of methane emissions from Indian coal mines and the current coalbed methane situation in the country. Its unique features include a coalfield-by-coalfield technical assessment of CBM throughout India. Policy matters are addressed, including the National Exploration Licencing Policy (NELP) of the Indian Government Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas, which is vital to an overall understanding of CBM development in the country. The scope and depth of its book’s coverage will benefit students, practising engineers, researchers and policy-makers.
Animal Osmoregulation
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Author : Timothy J. Bradley
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2009
Animal Osmoregulation written by Timothy J. Bradley and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Science categories.
Osmoregulation and water balance are essential topics in animal physiology. This book starts with the physical properties of water, and the influence that it has on biological design. It then looks at the effect of the environment on physiology. Finally it studies how the evolutionary history of the animal influences the solution employed.
Advances In Membrane Technologies
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Author : Amira Abdelrasoul
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2020-03-04
Advances In Membrane Technologies written by Amira Abdelrasoul and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-03-04 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Membrane technologies are currently the most effective and sustainable methods utilized in diversified water filtration, wastewater treatment, as well as industrial and sustainable energy applications. This book covers essential subsections of membrane separation and bioseparation processes from the perspectives of technical innovation, novelty, and sustainability. The book offers a comprehensive overview of the latest improvements and concerns with respect to membrane fouling remediation techniques, issues of bioincompatibility for biomedical applications, and various subareas of membrane separation processes, which will be an efficient resource for engineers.