Autisme Et Motions

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Autism The Movement Perspective

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Author : Elizabeth B Torres
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2015-05-19

Autism The Movement Perspective written by Elizabeth B Torres and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-05-19 with Autism categories.

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) is portrayed as cognitive and social disorders. Undoubtedly, impairments in communication and restricted-repetitive behaviors that now define the disorders have a profound impact on social interactions. But can we go beyond the descriptive, observational nature of this definition and objectively measure that amalgamate of motions and sensations that we call behavior? In this Research Topic we bring movement and its sensation to the forefront of autism research, diagnosis, and treatment. We gather researchers across disciplines with the unifying goal of recognizing movement and sensory disturbances as core symptoms of the disorder. We also hear confirmation from the perspective of autism self-advocates and parents. Those important sources of evidence along with the research presented in this topic demonstrate without a doubt that profound movement and sensory differences do exist in ASD and that they are quantifiable. The work presented in this Research Topic shows us that quantifiable differences in movements have a better chance than current observational techniques to help us uncover subtle solutions that the nervous system with autism has already spontaneously self-discovered and utilized in daily living. Where the naked eye would miss the unique subtleties that help each individual cope, instrumentation and fine kinematic analyses of motions help us uncover inherent capacities and predispositions of the person with autism. The work presented in this topic helps us better articulate through the voices of parents and self-advocates those sensory motor differences that current inventories could not possibly uncover. These differences are seldom perceived as they take place at timescales and frequencies that fall largely beneath our conscious awareness. To the person in the spectrum living with this disorder and to the caregiver creating accommodations to help the affected loved one, these subtleties are very familiar though. Indeed they are often used in clever ways to facilitate daily routines. We have waited much too long in science to listen to the very people that we are trying to define, understand and help. Being autism a social problem by definition, it is remarkable that not a single diagnosis inventory measures the dyadic social interaction that takes place between the examiner and the examinees. Indeed we have conceived the autistic person within a social context where we are incapable –by definition– of accepting those differences. The burden is rather placed on the affected person to whom much too often we refer to in the third person as “non-verbal, without intentionality, without empathy or emotions, without a theory of mind”, among other purely psychological guesses. It is then too easy and shockingly allowed to “reshape” that person, to mold that person to better conform to our social expectations and to extinguish “behaviors” that are socially unacceptable, even through the use of aversive punishing reinforcement techniques if need be. And yet none of those techniques have had a single shred of objective scientific evidence of their effectiveness. We have not objectively measured once, nor have we physiologically characterized once any of those perceived features that we so often use to observationally define what we may think the autistic phenotype may be. We have not properly quantified, beyond paper-and-pencil methods, the effectiveness of interventions in autism. Let us not forget when we do our science, that we are all part of the broad human spectrum.

Perception Of Pointing And Biological Motion In Autism

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Author : Rosemary Fletcher
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007

Perception Of Pointing And Biological Motion In Autism written by Rosemary Fletcher and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with categories.

Spaces On The Spectrum

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Author : Catherine Tan
language : en
Publisher: Columbia University Press
Release Date : 2024-01-23

Spaces On The Spectrum written by Catherine Tan and has been published by Columbia University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-01-23 with Social Science categories.

Movements that take issue with conventional understandings of autism spectrum disorder, a developmental disability, have become increasingly visible. Drawing on more than three years of ethnographic fieldwork and interviews with participants, Catherine Tan investigates two autism-focused movements, shedding new light on how members contest expert authority. Examining their separate struggles to gain legitimacy and represent autistic people, she develops a new account of the importance of social movements as spaces for constructing knowledge that aims to challenge dominant frameworks. Spaces on the Spectrum examines the autistic rights and alternative biomedical movements, which reimagine autism in different and conflicting ways: as a difference to be accepted or as a sickness to treat. Both, however, provide a window into how ideas that conflict with dominant beliefs develop, take hold, and persist. The autistic rights movement is composed primarily of autistic adults who contend that autism is a natural human variation, not a disorder, and advocate for social and cultural inclusion and policy changes. The alternative biomedical movement, in contrast, is dominated by parents and practitioners who believe in the disproven idea that vaccines trigger autism and seek to reverse it with scientifically unsupported treatments. Both movements position themselves in opposition to researchers, professionals, and parents outside their communities. Spaces on the Spectrum offers timely insights into the roles of shared identity and communal networks in movements that question scientific and medical authority.

Biological Motion Processing In Autism Spectrum Disorders

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Author : Lawrie S. McKay
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010

Biological Motion Processing In Autism Spectrum Disorders written by Lawrie S. McKay and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.

There has been much controversy as to whether people with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) have a specific impairment in processing biological motion, with some studies suggesting there is an impairment (Blake, et. al. 2003; Klin et. al. 2003, Klin & Jones, 2008, Klin et. al. 2009) and others finding that people with ASDs show intact abilities to detect biological motion and categorise actions, but are impaired in emotion categorisation (Moore et. al. 1997; Hubert et. al. 2007, Parron et. al. 2008). Recent studies have found that although behavioural measures of biological motion processing show no differences, adults with ASDs show different patterns of brain activation to controls in response to intact point-light displays (PLDs), with the STS, MT+ and ITG regions showing reduced activity in this population (Herrington et. al. 2007; Parron et. al. 2009). The current thesis aimed to clarify the nature of these difficulties and to try to elucidate the brain regions used to process configural information from PLDs using novel techniques and stimuli. The first set of experiments were designed to behaviourally test people with ASDs ability to detect biological motion in noise, to categorise actions and to categorise affect from PLDs. Despite finding differences in the two groups in detection of biological motion and affect categorisation in pilot experiments, there were no significant differences between the groups in the main experiments. However, the ASD group showed slightly poorer performance at detecting biological motion and significantly more variability in the action categorisation tasks, suggesting that there may have been an underlying difference between the two groups. Furthermore, an analysis of the pattern of errors tentatively suggested that the ASD group may be using different strategies to categorise affect than controls, particularly for negative affects. We then devised a novel technique for manipulating the amount of configural information available in a PLD without the need to add different degrees of background noise and used this technique to assess the contribution of configural cues in a direction discrimination task behaviourally and neurally. The results confirmed that in typically developed individuals configural cues significantly improved the participants' ability to correctly determine the direction of locomotion of a point light walker. Furthermore, the fMRI task found that regions of the inferotemporal, parietal and frontal regions were sensitive to the amount of configural information present in the displays that corresponded to increases in individual participants' behavioural performance. Lastly, we used the same technique, though with a more powerful fMRI design, to assess the behavioural and neural differences between people with ASDs and controls in response to displays containing different degrees of configural information. We found that both groups were comparable in their ability to discriminate the direction of locomotion from PLDs. However, the brain regions used to process this information were found to be substantially different. In displays in which the configural information enabled participants to accurately judge the direction of locomotion, the control group utilised a similar group of regions as found in the previous experiment. The ASD group showed a pattern of activation suggesting that they predominantly used regions in the temporal and occipital cortex, and more specifically a region in the fusiform gyrus. The results of Granger Causality Mapping analysis, which allows for the mapping of directional to and from seeded regions, confirmed that whereas the control group utilised a network of regions starting from the ITG and connecting to parietal and occipital regions, the ASD group seemed to utilise two separate networks, processing form information in the fusiform gyrus and motion information separately in middle-temporal regions. The results are discussed in terms of a potential dysfunction of the ITG region in early childhood and two different models of biological motion processing that have been proposed in the recent literature. In TD individuals the model of Giese & Poggio (2003) may be more applicable, in that it proposes the integration of static form cues with motion signals in areas such as the STS. However, a dysfunctional ITG or dysfunctional connections from the ITG to more dorsal regions would disrupt the integration of form and motion processing and force the brain to place additional processing demands on form processing regions in the fusiform gyrus. This would be more in line with the model proposed by Lange and Lappe (2006) in which information can be derived from biological motion in noise without recourse to the actual motion information, through a process of temporal analysis of static postures. Both systems though, may be intact in TD individuals and may share processing requirements depending on the task. Furthermore, it is hypothesised that a dysfunctional ITG may force the brain to place additional demands on regions in the fusiform gyrus and this neural rewiring may be the cause of the developmental delay seen in processing biological motion in people with ASDs (Annaz et. al. 2009). Future studies should examine the roles of the ITG and fusiform area in more detail, both in TD people and in people with ASDs, and determine the specific nature of these neural differences and there behavioural implications for both groups.

Visual Motion Perception In Autism

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Author : Kami Koldewyn
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008

Visual Motion Perception In Autism written by Kami Koldewyn and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with categories.

In everyday experience, visual motion is an extremely important source of information about the world. Motion cues are vital to our perception of where objects are and where they are moving. Biological motion cues give us the information from which to build the fine-grained, almost subconscious understanding of another's emotions and intentions that is so often necessary in social interactions.

Adaptation To Biological Motion In Autism And Typical Development

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Author : Georgia Forth
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015

Adaptation To Biological Motion In Autism And Typical Development written by Georgia Forth and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.

Going Through The Motions

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Author : Sharon Cowhey
language : en
Publisher: Publish America
Release Date : 2005-04

Going Through The Motions written by Sharon Cowhey and has been published by Publish America this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-04 with Autism categories.

For me, writing my book was easy, simply because I have experience in the autism life. I have autism, and for that reason, I can share my life's experiences with others who may know someone with autism, or are autistic themselves. I had, and still do have, a strange life. I can remember quite a lot of my childhood and how I felt in those young ages. Growing up was not only weird for me, but also for anyone that knew me. I want to let whoever wants to read about autism to read about me. I feel that my story can relate to others with autism, because I am sure they, too, have been through a very interesting life. I am forty-eight years old and feel I have come a long way. With the help of my family and my psychologist, I feel my life will go on for as long as God will let me.

Biological Motion Processing In Typical Development And The Autism Spectrum

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Author : Aaron I. Krakowski
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015

Biological Motion Processing In Typical Development And The Autism Spectrum written by Aaron I. Krakowski and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.

Visual Tracking And Motion Analysis In Autism

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Author : Yukari Takarae
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2003

Visual Tracking And Motion Analysis In Autism written by Yukari Takarae and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Autism categories.

Facial Motion Perception In Autism Spectrum Disorder And Neurotypical Controls

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Author : Christine Girges
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015

Facial Motion Perception In Autism Spectrum Disorder And Neurotypical Controls written by Christine Girges and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.