Bih Ra K Loka Kath Yem

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Income Support For The Poorest

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Author : Emil Tesliuc
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2014-07

Income Support For The Poorest written by Emil Tesliuc and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-07 with Political Science categories.

This study reviews the role and workings and the strengths and weaknesses of last-resort income support programs in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. It suggests how they can be made more effective, what other countries can learn from them, and why they should have a bigger role in social protection in the region.

A Command Post At War

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Author : David Hogan, Jr.
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006-03-01

A Command Post At War written by David Hogan, Jr. and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-03-01 with History categories.

World War II remains the defining experience for the U.S. Army in the twentieth century. It has had a lasting impact on the nation and its place in the world and on the Army and the way it organizes and fights. Although historians have written numerous volumes concerning this global conflict, some gap in the literature remain. In particular, the subject of an American field army headquarters and its organization and role have attracted little attention. Studies on the personalities and styles of individual commanders exist, but the command posts themselves-the ways in they were structures and operated and the functions they performed-have not been much explored. With A Command Post at War: First Army Headquarters in Europe, 1943-1945, the Center of Military History attempts to redress this shortcoming. This study addresses the First Army headquarters in the European theater from its activation in October 1943 to V-E Day in May 1945. Under Generals Omar N. Bradley and Courtney H. Hodges, the First Army headquarters oversaw the American landings on D-Day, the breakout from the Normandy beachhead, the battle of H]rtgen Forest along the German frontier, the defense of the northern shoulder during the Battle of the Bulge, and the crossing of the Rhine River at Remagen prior to the final American drive into central Germany. In examining the First Army headquarters' role, this volume shows the army headquarters of World War II as a complicated organization with functions ranging from the immediate supervision of tactical operations to long-range operational planning and the sustained support of frontline units. The commander and staff faced the problem of coordination with Allied counterpartsas well as with headquarters and units from other services. Inadequate information and the limitations of technology added to their challenges. The human dimension was always important, and at times critical, in affecting the work of the headquarters under the stresses of a difficult campaign against an obstinate and resourceful foe. Although times have changed and the modern Army focuses more on regional conflicts and contingencies than on global warfare, we can still learn much from the experience of the First Army headquarters. The Gulf War reemphasized the role of an army headquarters in a theater of operations as a pertinent issue for today's military professional. By examining the experience of soldiers in past conflicts we gain the deeper perspectives and understandings necessary to meet the challenges facing the Army today and in the future. Washington, D.C.JOHN S. BROWN 21 June 2000Brigadier General, USA Chief of Military History

World Development Report 2016

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Author : World Bank Group
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2016-01-14

World Development Report 2016 written by World Bank Group and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-01-14 with Business & Economics categories.

Digital technologies are spreading rapidly, but digital dividends--the broader benefits of faster growth, more jobs, and better services--are not. If more than 40 percent of adults in East Africa pay their utility bills using a mobile phone, why can’t others around the world do the same? If 8 million entrepreneurs in China--one third of them women--can use an e-commerce platform to export goods to 120 countries, why can’t entrepreneurs elsewhere achieve the same global reach? And if India can provide unique digital identification to 1 billion people in five years, and thereby reduce corruption by billions of dollars, why can’t other countries replicate its success? Indeed, what’s holding back countries from realizing the profound and transformational effects that digital technologies are supposed to deliver? Two main reasons. First, nearly 60 percent of the world’s population are still offline and can’t participate in the digital economy in any meaningful way. Second, and more important, the benefits of digital technologies can be offset by growing risks. Startups can disrupt incumbents, but not when vested interests and regulatory uncertainty obstruct competition and the entry of new firms. Employment opportunities may be greater, but not when the labor market is polarized. The internet can be a platform for universal empowerment, but not when it becomes a tool for state control and elite capture. The World Development Report 2016 shows that while the digital revolution has forged ahead, its 'analog complements'--the regulations that promote entry and competition, the skills that enable workers to access and then leverage the new economy, and the institutions that are accountable to citizens--have not kept pace. And when these analog complements to digital investments are absent, the development impact can be disappointing. What, then, should countries do? They should formulate digital development strategies that are much broader than current information and communication technology (ICT) strategies. They should create a policy and institutional environment for technology that fosters the greatest benefits. In short, they need to build a strong analog foundation to deliver digital dividends to everyone, everywhere.

World Development Report 2017

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Author : World Bank Group
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2017-01-23

World Development Report 2017 written by World Bank Group and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-01-23 with Business & Economics categories.

Why are carefully designed, sensible policies too often not adopted or implemented? When they are, why do they often fail to generate development outcomes such as security, growth, and equity? And why do some bad policies endure? World Development Report 2017: Governance and the Law addresses these fundamental questions, which are at the heart of development. Policy making and policy implementation do not occur in a vacuum. Rather, they take place in complex political and social settings, in which individuals and groups with unequal power interact within changing rules as they pursue conflicting interests. The process of these interactions is what this Report calls governance, and the space in which these interactions take place, the policy arena. The capacity of actors to commit and their willingness to cooperate and coordinate to achieve socially desirable goals are what matter for effectiveness. However, who bargains, who is excluded, and what barriers block entry to the policy arena determine the selection and implementation of policies and, consequently, their impact on development outcomes. Exclusion, capture, and clientelism are manifestations of power asymmetries that lead to failures to achieve security, growth, and equity. The distribution of power in society is partly determined by history. Yet, there is room for positive change. This Report reveals that governance can mitigate, even overcome, power asymmetries to bring about more effective policy interventions that achieve sustainable improvements in security, growth, and equity. This happens by shifting the incentives of those with power, reshaping their preferences in favor of good outcomes, and taking into account the interests of previously excluded participants. These changes can come about through bargains among elites and greater citizen engagement, as well as by international actors supporting rules that strengthen coalitions for reform.

The Upanishads Ii Kena And Other Upanishads

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Author : Sri Aurobindo
language : en
Publisher: SriAurobindoAshram Publication Dept
Release Date : 2006

The Upanishads Ii Kena And Other Upanishads written by Sri Aurobindo and has been published by SriAurobindoAshram Publication Dept this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with categories.

The Upanishads has now been expanded and brought out in two volumes, with much new material published for the first time in book form. The single volume The Upanishads has been discontinued, with all its content included in the two new volumes, each available as an independent book. The Kena Upanishad is concerned with the relation of mind-consciousness to Brahman-consciousness , writes Sri Aurobindo in his commentary on this work. The material world and the physical life exist for us only by virtue of our internal self and our internal life. According as our mental instruments represent to us the external world, according as our vital force in obedience to the mind deals with its impacts and objects, so will be our outward life and existence. Along with Sri Aurobindo's final translation of and commentary on the Kena, this book includes his translations of six other Upanishads as well as several other translations and commentaries, and essays such as 'The Philosophy of the Upanishads'.

Meccan Trade And The Rise Of Islam

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Author : Patricia Crone
language : en
Publisher: Gorgias Press
Release Date : 2020-03-03

Meccan Trade And The Rise Of Islam written by Patricia Crone and has been published by Gorgias Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-03-03 with History categories.

Patricia Crone reassesses one of the most widely accepted dogmas in contemporary accounts of the beginnings of Islam: the supposition that Mecca was a trading center. In addition, she seeks to elucidate sources on which we should reconstruct our picture of the birth of the new religion in Arabia.

The World Bank Legal Review

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Author : Hassane Cissé
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2011-11-04

The World Bank Legal Review written by Hassane Cissé and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-11-04 with Law categories.

This book focuses on the legal challenges and opportunities for International Financial Institutions in the post-crisis world. It includes contributions from academics, practitioners and Bank staff. The contributions cover a broad array of issues, included governance reform and constitutional framework of IFIs, privileges and immunities, responsibility of international organizations, issues related to fragile and conflict-affected states, climate finance, and the recent financial crisis. The book is organized in three main areas, namely (i) Law of International Organizations: Issues Confronting IFIs; (ii) Legal Obligations and Institutions of Developing Countries: Rethinking Approaches of IFIs; and (iii) International Finance and the Challenges of Regulatory Governance.

Oxford Exam Excellence

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Author :
language : en
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Release Date : 2006-11-30

Oxford Exam Excellence written by and has been published by OUP Oxford this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-11-30 with Foreign Language Study categories.

All key exam topics and vocabulary covered. Practice of all main test task types in Reading, Listening, Use of English, Writing, and Speaking. Exam techniques, preparation strategies, and useful study tips. Multi-ROM containing recorded material for the Listening tasks and tapescripts. Word Bank with key vocabulary, Speaking Bank with useful communicative phrases, and Writing Bank with model texts and advice. Smart answer key that explains why an answer is correct.

Language Dispersal Beyond Farming

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Author : Martine Robbeets
language : en
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing Company
Release Date : 2017-12-21

Language Dispersal Beyond Farming written by Martine Robbeets and has been published by John Benjamins Publishing Company this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-12-21 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.

Why do some languages wither and die, while others prosper and spread? Around the turn of the millennium a number of archaeologists such as Colin Renfrew and Peter Bellwood made the controversial claim that many of the world’s major language families owe their dispersal to the adoption of agriculture by their early speakers. In this volume, their proposal is reassessed by linguists, investigating to what extent the economic dependence on plant cultivation really impacted language spread in various parts of the world. Special attention is paid to "tricky" language families such as Eskimo-Aleut, Quechua, Aymara, Bantu, Indo-European, Transeurasian, Turkic, Japano-Koreanic, Hmong-Mien and Trans-New Guinea, that cannot unequivocally be regarded as instances of Farming/Language Dispersal, even if subsistence played a role in their expansion.

Shotokan S Secret

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Author : Bruce D. Clayton
language : en
Publisher: Black Belt Communications
Release Date : 2004

Shotokan S Secret written by Bruce D. Clayton and has been published by Black Belt Communications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Sports & Recreation categories.

Reveals the origins and purpose of the art of shotokan. This book describes how karate was invented by the world's only unarmed bodyguards to protect the world's only unarmed king, the king of Okinawa, against Americans.