Casamento Na Sic Lia
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Disappearance Of The Dowry
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Author : Muriel Nazzari
language : en
Publisher: Stanford University Press
Release Date : 1991-10-01
Disappearance Of The Dowry written by Muriel Nazzari and has been published by Stanford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991-10-01 with Social Science categories.
Why did a practice that had been considered a duty stop being a duty, or, conversely, why did daughters lose the right they had previously enjoyed of receiving from their parents the wherewithal to contribute to the support of their marriage? Despite the many historical and anthropological studies about dowry, to the best of my knowledge this is the first analysis of its disappearance. My hypothesis at a general level is that the institution of dowry was among the many fetters to the development of capitalism, such as entail, monopolies, and the privileges of the nobility, of churchmen, and of army officers, that disappeared as the influence of industrial capital spread worldwide. Yet entail, monopolies, and privileges were abolished legally, whereas the dowry was not abolished legally, it disappeared in practice. Thus the question remains: what led individual families to change their customs regarding dowry? And they changed remarkably. I found that, in the seventeenth century, practically all propertied families in São Paulo endowed every one of their daughters, favoring them by giving dowries far exceeding the value of what their brothers would inherit later on. By the early nineteenth century, in contrast, long before the custom of dowry had disappeared, less than a third of the propertied families in São Paulo were endowing their daughters, and those who did gave comparatively smaller dowries, with a very different content, while some families endowed only one or two of several daughters. How to explain this transformation in customs? I will argue throughout this book that the practice of dowry altered because of changes in society, the family, and marriage. Since dowry is a transfer of property between family members, changes in the concept of property, in the way property is acquired and held, or in business practices are relevant to an understanding of change in the institution of dowry, as are changes in the function of the family in society, the way it is integrated into production, and how it supports its members. The changes experienced by Brazilian society that help explain the decline and disappearance of the dowry are many of the same transformations that have been observed in more central regions of the Western world. Through a long process that started in the eighteenth century and continued into the early twentieth century, Brazil changed from a hierarchical, ancien régime type of society in which status, family, and patron-client relations were primary to a more individualistic society in which contract and the market increasingly reigned. A society divided vertically into family clans changed gradually into a society divided horizontally into classes. As the state grew stronger, it took over functions previously performed by the family, which in seventeenth-century São Paulo's frontier society had included municipal government and defense. Between the seventeenth and the late nineteenth centuries, a new concept of private property developed. The family changed from being the locus of both production and consumption to being principally the locus of consumption, while "family" and "business" became formally separate. The power of the larger kin declined and the conjugal family became more important, and marriage was transformed from predominantly a property matter to an avowed "love" relationship, the economic underpinnings of which were no longer made explicit. At the same time there was a change from the strong authority of the patriarch over adult sons and daughters to their greater independence, and from arranged marriages to marriages freely chosen by the bride and groom. These transformations took place in Brazil starting in the eighteenth century and continuing throughout the nineteenth century in a gradual and complex manner so that both old and new characteristics often coexisted at a given time, sometimes even within the same family. As these changes occurred, the
Costados Das Familias Illustes Sic De Portugal Algarves Ilhas E Indias
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Author : José Barbosa Canaes de Figueiredo Castello Branco
language : pt-BR
Publisher:
Release Date : 1831
Costados Das Familias Illustes Sic De Portugal Algarves Ilhas E Indias written by José Barbosa Canaes de Figueiredo Castello Branco and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1831 with Algarve (Portugal) categories.
Costados Das Familias Illustes Sic De Portugal Algarves Ilhas E Indias
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Author : Jose Barbosa Canaes de Figueiredo Castello Branco
language : pt-BR
Publisher:
Release Date : 1829
Costados Das Familias Illustes Sic De Portugal Algarves Ilhas E Indias written by Jose Barbosa Canaes de Figueiredo Castello Branco and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1829 with categories.
Capitalism And Environmental Collapse
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Author : Luiz Marques
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-08-17
Capitalism And Environmental Collapse written by Luiz Marques and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-08-17 with Social Science categories.
This book intends to be an alert to the fact that the curve measuring environmental costs against the economic benefits of capitalism has irreversibly entered into a negative phase. The prospect of an environmental collapse has been evidenced by the sciences and the humanities since the 1960s. Today, it imposes its urgency. This collapse differs from past civilizations in that it is neither local nor just civilizational. It is global and occurs at the broadest level of the biosphere, accelerated by the convergence of different socio-environmental crises, such as: Earth energy imbalance, climate change and global warming Sea-level rise Decrease and degradation of forests Collapse of terrestrial and aquatic biodiversity Floods, droughts, wildfires, and extreme weather events Degradation of soils and water resources Increase in pollution caused by fossil fuels and coal Increase in waste production and industrial intoxication The book is divided in two parts. In the first part it presents a comprehensive review of scientific data to show the already visible effects of each of the different environmental crises and its consequences to human life on Earth. In the second part, Luiz Marques critically discusses what he calls the three concentric illusions that prevent us from realizing the gravity of the current socio-environmental crises: the illusion of a sustainable capitalism, the illusion that economic growth is still capable of providing more well-being and the anthropocentric illusion. Finally, Marques argues that "fitting" back into the biosphere will only be possible if we dismantle the expansive socioeconomic gear that has shaped our societies since the 16th century by moving from a Social Contract to a Natural Contract, which takes into account the whole biosphere. According to him, the future society will be post-capitalist or it will not be a complex society, and even perhaps, we must fear, no society at all. “This book is backed up with the latest and best science and has made the complexities understandable for the average reader, all in a context of hope for the future.” - William J. Ripple, PhD, Distinguished Professor of Ecology, Director of the Alliance of World Scientists, Oregon State University
Feminista Eu
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Author : Heloisa Buarque de Hollanda
language : pt-BR
Publisher: Bazar do Tempo
Release Date : 2022-04-18
Feminista Eu written by Heloisa Buarque de Hollanda and has been published by Bazar do Tempo this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-04-18 with Social Science categories.
Neste ensaio inédito, baseado em larga pesquisa e em uma série de entrevistas, Heloisa Buarque de Hollanda analisa o papel das mulheres em campos chave da cultura brasileira, como a literatura, o cinema novo e a MPB, entre os anos 1950 e 1980, evidenciando atuações pioneiras de artistas que fizeram o feminismo avançar, mesmo sem, muitas vezes, se dar conta dessa fundamental atuação. Afinal, é comum que a militância feminista seja vista separada da força política da produção cultural das mulheres. Nessa recuperação histórica acompanhada de uma afiada análise crítica, Heloisa – que tem, ela mesma, um papel de destaque na construção de repertórios para as lutas feministas – traz à luz esse elenco de mulheres que impuseram a presença feminina e as pautas feministas na cena artística e mudaram definitivamente a cultura do país. São nomes como Elis Regina, Leci Brandão, Rita Lee e Joyce Moreno; Carmen da Silva, Carolina Maria de Jesus, Ana Cristina Cesar, Marina Colasanti e Marilene Felinto; Adélia Sampaio, Helena Solberg, Vera Figueiredo, Eunice Gutman e muitas outras que têm seu pioneirismo analisado com o olhar afiado e o texto saboroso de Heloisa.
On Ancient Medicine
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Author : Hippocrate
language : en
Publisher: Library of Alexandria
Release Date : 2005-01-01
On Ancient Medicine written by Hippocrate and has been published by Library of Alexandria this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-01-01 with Fiction categories.
Centuries Of Childhood
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Author : Philippe Ariès
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1979
Centuries Of Childhood written by Philippe Ariès and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1979 with Social Science categories.
In this book, Aries surveys children and their place in family life from the Middle Ages to the end of the 18th century.
De Sponsalibus Filiorumfamilias Sic
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Author : Cristoforo Cosci
language : la
Publisher:
Release Date : 1766
De Sponsalibus Filiorumfamilias Sic written by Cristoforo Cosci and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1766 with categories.
Slave Law In The Americas
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Author : Alan Watson
language : en
Publisher: University of Georgia Press
Release Date : 1989-01-01
Slave Law In The Americas written by Alan Watson and has been published by University of Georgia Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989-01-01 with Law categories.
In this book, Alan Watson argues that the slave laws of North and South America--the written codes defining the relationship of masters to slaves--reflect not so much the culture and society of the various colonies but the legal traditions of England, Europe, and ancient Rome. A pathbreaking study concerned as much with the nature of comparative law as the specific subject of the law of slavery, Slave Law in the Americas posits an essential distance in the Western legal tradition between the tenets of law and the values of the society they govern. Laws, Watson shows, often are made not by governments or rulers but by jurists as in ancient Rome, law professors as in medieval and continental Europe, and judges as in common law England. Bodies of law, often created without reference to particular social and political ideals, are also often transferred whole cloth from one society to another. Tracing the effects of the reception of Roman law throughout Europe (excluding England) and the Americas, Watson reveals the enormous impact of this legal tradition on subsequent lawmakers operating under utterly dissimilar social and political conditions in the New World. Slave law in the colonies, Watson demonstrates, had much to do with the mother country's relations to Roman law. Spain, Portugal, France, and the United Dutch Provinces, all within the Roman legal tradition, imposed on their colonies slave laws that were private and nonracist in character, laws that interfered little in master-slave relations and provided for the relative ease of manumission and the grant of citizenship to freed slaves. England, however, did not ascribe to Roman law and colonists created rather than received slave law. Public and racist, slave law in the English colonies uniquely reflected local concerns, involving every citizen in the protection and perpetuation of slavery, strictly regulating education, manumission, and citizenship status. "Comparative legal history," Watson writes, "is in its infancy." Presenting the laws of slavery in ancient Rome and in the slaveholding colonies of America, Watson demonstrates how comparative law can elucidate the relationship of law, legal rules, and institutions to the society in which they operate. Investigating not the dynamics of slavery but of slave law, he reveals the working of a legal culture and its peculiar history.
Slave And Citizen
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Author : Frank Tannenbaum
language : en
Publisher: Vintage
Release Date : 2012-08-29
Slave And Citizen written by Frank Tannenbaum and has been published by Vintage this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-08-29 with Social Science categories.
Slave & Citizen deals with one of the most intriguing problems presented by the development of the New World: the contrast between the legal and social positions of the Negro in the United States and in Latin America. It is well-known that in Brazil and in the Caribbean area, Negroes do not suffer legal or even major social disabilities on account of color, and that a long history of acceptance and miscegenation has erased the sharp line between white and colored. Professor Tannenbaum, one of our leading authorities on Latin America, asks why there has been such a sharp distinction between the United States and the other parts of the New World into which Negroes were originally brought as slaves. In the legal structure of the United States, the Negro slave became property. There has been little experience with Negro slaves in England, and the ancient and medieval traditions affecting slavery had died out. As property, the slave was without rights to marriage, to children, to the product of his work, or to freedom. In the Iberian peninsula, on the other hand, Negro slaves were common, and the laws affecting them were well developed. Therefore, in the colonies of Spain and Portugal, while the slave was the lowest person in the social order, he was still a human being, with some rights, and some means by which he might achieve freedom. Only the United States made a radical split with the tradition in which all men, even slaves, had certain inalienable rights.