Cd2

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Role Of Cd2 And Its Ligands In T Cell Activation

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Author : Bin Li
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2022

Role Of Cd2 And Its Ligands In T Cell Activation written by Bin Li and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022 with categories.

CD2 is a transmembrane molecule and a "non-canonical" member of the signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) family of receptors that is expressed on T cells and NK cells. Its ligands, mouse CD48 and human CD58, are widely expressed on hematopoietic cells including antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and T cells. Previous studies indicated that CD2 promotes T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling when it is engaged by its ligands displayed on APCs. However, the supporting experimental data were rather controversial, and there is no general agreement about the role of CD2 in T cell activation. To study the function of CD2 and its ligands in T cells, we examined T cell functions in newly generated mouse strains lacking CD2 or CD48 in the C57BL/6 background. Compared to wild-type (WT) mice, T cells from CD2-deficient ("knock-out"; KO) mice had severe activation defects. Surprisingly, expression of CD48 on T cells, not on APCs, was also necessary for optimal T cell responses. We found evidence of CD2 interacted with CD48 in cis on T cells and observed their co-localization by confocal microscopy and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). The only exception was CD2-dependent cytotoxicity, which required CD48 both on T cells and on APCs. Mechanistic studies using mass spectrometry and structure-function analyses revealed that the cis interactions between CD2 and CD48 on T cells boosted TCR signaling, an effect that correlated with the capacity of CD2 to recruit the kinase Lck. Similarly, our further study revealed that the cis interactions between CD2 and CD58 on human T cells were also necessary for maximal TCR signaling and T cell activation. Taken together, our studies provide clear evidence that cis interactions between CD2 and its ligands on T cells are important in TCR signaling and T cell activation. Modulation of these cis interactions can be a promising approach to suppress or enhance T cell activation in a therapeutic setting.

Environmental Health Perspectives

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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1993

Environmental Health Perspectives written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with Environmental health categories.

The Encyclopaedia Britannica

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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1877

The Encyclopaedia Britannica written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1877 with categories.

The Encyclop Dia Britannica

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Author : Thomas Spencer Baynes
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1891

The Encyclop Dia Britannica written by Thomas Spencer Baynes and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1891 with Encyclopedias and dictionaries categories.

Production And Characterization Of Soluble And Transmembrane Cd2

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Author : Adam Jared Kaplan
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1993

Production And Characterization Of Soluble And Transmembrane Cd2 written by Adam Jared Kaplan and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with categories.

Colloidal Quantum Dot Light Emitting Diodes

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Author : Hong Meng
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2024-02-20

Colloidal Quantum Dot Light Emitting Diodes written by Hong Meng and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-02-20 with Technology & Engineering categories.

Explore all the core components for the commercialization of quantum dot light emitting diodes Quantum dot light emitting diodes (QDLEDs) are a technology with the potential to revolutionize solid-state lighting and displays. Due to the many applications of semiconductor nanocrystals, of which QDLEDs are an example, they also hold the potential to be adapted into other emerging semiconducting technologies. As a result, it is critical that the next generation of engineers and materials scientists understand these diodes and their latest developments. Colloidal Quantum Dot Light Emitting Diodes: Materials and Devices offers a comprehensive introduction to this subject and its most recent research advancements. Beginning with a summary of the theoretical foundations and the basic methods for chemically synthesizing colloidal semiconductor quantum dots, it identifies existing and future applications for these groundbreaking technologies. The result is tailored to produce a thorough understanding of this area of research. Colloidal Quantum Dot Light Emitting Diodes readers will also find: An author with decades of experience in the field of organic electronics Detailed discussion of topics including advanced display technologies, the patent portfolio and commercial considerations, and more Strategies and design techniques for improving device performance Colloidal Quantum Dot Light Emitting Diodes is ideal for material scientists, electronics engineers, inorganic and solid-state chemists, solid-state and semiconductor physicists, photochemists, and surface chemists, as well as the libraries that support these professionals.

The Encyclopaedia Britannica

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Author : Thomas Spencer Baynes
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1877

The Encyclopaedia Britannica written by Thomas Spencer Baynes and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1877 with Encyclopedias and dictionaries categories.

Nearly Zero Energy Communities

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Author : Ion Visa
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-08-31

Nearly Zero Energy Communities written by Ion Visa and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-08-31 with Architecture categories.

This book addresses the main challenges in implementing the concepts that aim to replace the regular fossil-fuels based energy pattern with the novel energy pattern relying on renewable energy. As the built environment is one major energy consumer, well known and exploited by each community member, the challenges addressing the built environment has to be solved with the consistent contribution of the community inhabitants and its administration. The transition phase, which already is under implementation, is represented by the Nearly Zero Energy Communities (nZEC). From the research topics towards the large scale implementation, the nZEC concept is analyzed in this book, starting with the specific issues of the sustainable built environment, beyond the Nearly Zero Energy Buildings towards a more integrated view on the community (Chapter1) and followed by various implementation concepts for renewable heating & cooling (Chapter 2), for renewable electrical energy production at community level (Chapter 3) and for sustainable water use and reuse (Chapter 4). As the topic is still new, specific instruments supporting education and training (Chapter 5) are needed, aiming to provide the knowledge that can drive the communities in the near future and is expected to increase the acceptance towards renewable energy implemented at community level. The sub-chapters of this book are the proceedings of the 5th edition of the Conference for Sustainable Energy, during 19-21 October 2017, organized by the R&D Centre Renewable Energy Systems and Recycling, in the R&D Institute of the Transilvania University of Brasov. This event was organized under the patronage of the International Federation for the Science of Machines and Mechanisms (IFToMM) - the Technical Committee Sustainable Energy Systems, of the European Sustainable Energy Alliance (ESEIA) and of the Romanian Academy of Technical Sciences.

The Encyclop Dia Britannica

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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1893

The Encyclop Dia Britannica written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1893 with Encyclopedias and dictionaries categories.

Microbios

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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1991

Microbios written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991 with Microbiology categories.