Die Mikrobiomit T

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The Economic Growth Engine

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Author : Robert U. Ayres
language : en
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Release Date : 2010-01-01

The Economic Growth Engine written by Robert U. Ayres and has been published by Edward Elgar Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-01-01 with Business & Economics categories.

It gives me great pleasure to review this important book. I recommend it highly to any physicist with an interest or curiosity about this economy thing within which we operate. . . There is no excuse not to get this invaluable volume onto your bookshelf. Simon Roberts, Institute of Physics Energy Group This book addresses a very important topic, namely economic growth analysis from the angle of energy and material flows. The treatment is well balanced in terms of research and interpretation of the broader literature. The book not only contains a variety of empirical indicators, statistical analyses and insights, but also offers an unusually complete and pluralistic view on theorizing about economic growth and technological change. This results in a number of refreshing perspectives on known ideas and literatures. The text is so attractively written that I found it very difficult to stop reading. All in all, this is a very original and important contribution to the everlasting debate on growth versus environment. Jeroen C.J.M. van den Bergh, University of Barcelona, Spain and Free University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Would you want your great-grandchildren in 2100AD to have a 22nd-century industrial economy? If so, read this book to grasp how strongly wealth depends on energy and its efficient use. Start treating fossil energy not as continuing income, but as one-time energy capital to spend on efficiency and long-term sustainable energy production. Otherwise, your descendants will inherit a broken 20th-century economy that only worked with cheap fossil fuels. They will not be rich and they will wonder what their ancestors were thinking. John R. Mashey, PhD, former Chief Scientist, Silicon Graphics Current economic theory attributes most income growth to technical progress. However, since technical progress can neither be defined nor measured, no one really knows what policies will encourage income growth. Ayres and Warr show that access to useful work, which can be defined and measured, explain the bulk of post-1900 income changes in Japan, Britain and the USA. They see rising real prices for fossil fuel and stagnating efficiencies of converting raw energy into useful work as a threat to continued income growth. This brilliant and original work has profound policy implications for future income growth without significant improvements in energy conversion efficiency. Thomas Casten, Chairman, Recycled Energy Development LLC Following the up-and-down energy shock of 2008, Ayres and Warr offer a unique analysis critical to our economic future. They argue that useful work produced by energy and energy services is far more important to overall GDP growth than conventional economic theory assumes. Their new theory, based on extensive empirical and theoretical analysis, has important implications for economists, businessmen and policymakers for anybody concerned with our economic future. Ayres and Warr argue persuasively that economic growth is not only endogenous but has been driven for the past two centuries largely by the declining effective cost of energy. If their new theory is correct, the inevitable future rise of the real cost of energy (beyond the $147 oil price peak in July 2008), could halt economic growth in the US and other advanced countries unless we dramatically improve energy with technology. J. Paul Horne, independent international market economist The historic link between output (GDP) growth and employment has weakened. Since there is no quantitively verifiable economic theory to explain past growth, this unique book explores the fundamental relationship between thermodynamics (physical work) and economics. The authors take a realistic approach to explaining the relationship between technological progress, thermodynamic efficiency and economic growth. Their findings are a step toward the integration of neo-classical and evolutionary perspectives on endogenous economic growth, concluding in a fundam

A History Of Medicine

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Author : Lois N. Magner
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2017-12-14

A History Of Medicine written by Lois N. Magner and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-12-14 with Medical categories.

Designed for survey courses in the field A History of Medicine presents a wide-ranging overview for those seeking a solid grounding in the medical history of Western and non-Western cultures. Invaluable to instructors promoting the history of medicine in pre-professional training, and stressing major themes in the history of medicine, this third edition continues to stimulate further exploration of the events, methodologies, and theories that have shaped medical practices in decades past and continue to do so today.

The First Miracle Drugs

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Author : John E. Lesch
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007

The First Miracle Drugs written by John E. Lesch and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Medical categories.

In the decade from 1935-1945, while the Second World War raged in Europe, a new class of medicines capable of controlling bacterial infections launched a therapeutic revolution that continues today. The new medicines were not penicillin and antibiotics, but sulfonamides, or sulfa drugs. The sulfa drugs preceded penicillin by almost a decade, and during World War II they carried the main therapeutic burden in both military and civilian medicine. Their success stimulated a rapid expansion of research and production in the international pharmaceutical industry, raised expectations of medicine, and accelerated the appearance of new and powerful medicines based on research. The latter development created new regulatory dilemmas and unanticipated therapeutic problems. The sulfa drugs also proved extraordinarily fruitful as starting points for new drugs or classes of drugs, both for bacterial infections and for a number of important non-infectious diseases. This book examines this breakthrough in medicine, pharmacy, and science in three parts. Part I shows that an industrial research setting was crucial to the success of the revolution in therapeutics that emerged from medicinal chemistry. Part II shows how national differences shaped the reception of the sulfa drugs in Germany, France, Britain, and the United States. The author uses press coverage of the day to explore popular perceptions of the dramatic changes taking place in medicine. Part III documents the impact of the sulfa drugs on the American effort in World War II. It also shows how researchers came to an understanding of how the sulfa drugs worked, adding a new theoretical dimension to the science of pharmacology and at the same time providing a basis for the discovery of new medicinal drugs in the 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s. A concluding chapter summarizes the transforming impact of the sulfa drugs on twentieth-century medicine, tracing the therapeutic revolution from the initial breakthrough in the 1930s to the current search for effective treatments for AIDS and the new horizons opened up by the human genome project and stem cell research.

The Demon Under The Microscope

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Author : Thomas Hager
language : en
Publisher: Crown
Release Date : 2006-09-19

The Demon Under The Microscope written by Thomas Hager and has been published by Crown this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-09-19 with Science categories.

In The Demon Under the Microscope, Thomas Hager chronicles the dramatic history of sulfa, the first antibiotic and the drug that shaped modern medicine. The Nazis discovered it. The Allies won the war with it. It conquered diseases, changed laws, and single-handedly launched the era of antibiotics. Sulfa saved millions of lives—among them those of Winston Churchill and Franklin Delano Roosevelt Jr.—but its real effects are even more far reaching. Sulfa changed the way new drugs were developed, approved, and sold; transformed the way doctors treated patients; and ushered in the era of modern medicine. The very concept that chemicals created in a lab could cure disease revolutionized medicine, taking it from the treatment of symptoms and discomfort to the eradication of the root cause of illness. A strange and colorful story, The Demon Under the Microscope illuminates the vivid characters, corporate strategy, individual idealism, careful planning, lucky breaks, cynicism, heroism, greed, hard work, and the central (though mistaken) idea that brought sulfa to the world. This is a fascinating scientific tale with all the excitement and intrigue of a great suspense novel.

Faces In The Clouds

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Author : Stewart Elliott Guthrie
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 1995-04-06

Faces In The Clouds written by Stewart Elliott Guthrie and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995-04-06 with Religion categories.

Religion is universal human culture. No phenomenon is more widely shared or more intensely studied, yet there is no agreement on what religion is. Now, in Faces in the Clouds, anthropologist Stewart Guthrie provides a provocative definition of religion in a bold and persuasive new theory. Guthrie says religion can best be understood as systematic anthropomorphism--that is, the attribution of human characteristics to nonhuman things and events. Many writers see anthropomorphism as common or even universal in religion, but few think it is central. To Guthrie, however, it is fundamental. Religion, he writes, consists of seeing the world as humanlike. As Guthrie shows, people find a wide range of humanlike beings plausible: Gods, spirits, abominable snowmen, HAL the computer, Chiquita Banana. We find messages in random events such as earthquakes, weather, and traffic accidents. We say a fire "rages," a storm "wreaks vengeance," and waters "lie still." Guthrie says that our tendency to find human characteristics in the nonhuman world stems from a deep-seated perceptual strategy: in the face of pervasive (if mostly unconscious) uncertainty about what we see, we bet on the most meaningful interpretation we can. If we are in the woods and see a dark shape that might be a bear or a boulder, for example, it is good policy to think it is a bear. If we are mistaken, we lose little, and if we are right, we gain much. So, Guthrie writes, in scanning the world we always look for what most concerns us--livings things, and especially, human ones. Even animals watch for human attributes, as when birds avoid scarecrows. In short, we all follow the principle--better safe than sorry. Marshalling a wealth of evidence from anthropology, cognitive science, philosophy, theology, advertising, literature, art, and animal behavior, Guthrie offers a fascinating array of examples to show how this perceptual strategy pervades secular life and how it characterizes religious experience. Challenging the very foundations of religion, Faces in the Clouds forces us to take a new look at this fundamental element of human life.

Energy And Experience

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Author : Antti Salminen
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015-09-15

Energy And Experience written by Antti Salminen and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-09-15 with categories.

Benjamin Jesty The Grandfather Of Vaccination

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Author : Patrick John Pead
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Release Date : 2019-12-19

Benjamin Jesty The Grandfather Of Vaccination written by Patrick John Pead and has been published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-12-19 with Medical categories.

Benjamin Jesty has been described as ‘the man history forgot’. Spanning the late 18th and early 19th centuries, this book tells the story of the ingenious Dorset farmer who used cowpox as a vaccine to protect his family against the dreaded disease of smallpox in 1774. This happened 22 years before Dr Edward Jenner used a similar process. The origins of vaccination have always been clouded in controversy. Probing previous accounts flawed by myth or subjectivity, this text sets the record straight. Man’s early attempts at stimulating immunity are rooted in folk wisdom of the distant past. Vaccination was not a ‘discovery’ or a ‘medical breakthrough’, but a development from variolation, substituting cowpox as an inoculum instead of smallpox. Analysing relevant primary sources with an innovative approach, this book reveals the geographical extent of awareness of Jesty’s endeavour in Georgian England, confirms his priority, and seeks to establish his Intellectual Property for the first use of an empirical vaccine. Jenner brought vaccination to the world. His achievement will always take precedence, but the findings of this new research suggest it is now time to honour Benjamin Jesty with the credit he deserves.

Molekyylibiologian Tekniikat Ii

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Author : John Kaisermann
language : fi
Publisher: Cambridge Stanford Books
Release Date :

Molekyylibiologian Tekniikat Ii written by John Kaisermann and has been published by Cambridge Stanford Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with Science categories.

Vuodesta 1960 lähtien molekyylibiologit ovat kehittäneet menetelmiä solujen molekyylikomponenttien tunnistamiseksi, eristämiseksi ja käsittelemiseksi, mukaan lukien DNA, RNA ja proteiinit. Tämän kirjan sisältö: CRISPR geeninkäsittely, CRISPR, Prime editointi, Anti-CRISPR, transfektio, geeni knock-in, geeni knockout, GeneTalk, Haplarithm, Haplarithmisis, Helicase-dependent amplification, Immunoprecipitation, isoelektrinen tarkennus, Isopeptag, Jumping library, Knockout moss, Kodecyte, Kodevirion, Ligaasiketjureaktio, ligaatio (molekyylibiologia), magneetti-avusteinen transfection, MassTag-PCR, Maxam-Gilbert-sekvensointi, menetelmät proteiini-proteiini-vuorovaikutusten tutkimiseksi, mikrobien tumma aine, Microsatellite enrichment, minusheet-perfuusioviljelyjärjestelmä, MNase-seq, Moniparametrinen pintaplasmoniresonanssi, Mutageneesi (molekyylibiologinen tekniikka), Northern blotti, Luoteis-blotti, Nukleaasisuojausmääritys, Nukleiinihapporakenteen määritys, Oligomeerien restriktio, Oligotyyppien määritys (sekvensointi), Oligotyyppien määritys (taksonomia), Päällekkäinen pidennyspolymeraasiketju reaktio, Paired-end tag, pBLU, pBR322, Peak calling, Perturb-seq, Fotoaffiniteettimerkinnät, Fysikaalinen kartoitus, Kasvien transformaatiovektori, Plaki hybridization, Plasmidi, Plasmidome, Polymeraasiketjureaktio, PRIME (entsyymien välittämä PRobe Incorporation, entsyymien välittämä), Promoter bashing, pUC19, nopeusvyöhykesentrifugointi, rekombinaasipolymeraasin monistus, Käänteinen northern blot, käänteinen transfection, ribosomaalinen intergeeninen välikappaleanalyysi, Ribosome profilointi, RNaasi H-riippuvainen PCR, valuma-transkriptio, Sanger -sekvensointi, selektion ja monistumisen sitoutumismääritys, yksisoluinen sekvensointi, yhden- solu DNA templaattiketjujen sekvensointi, yksisoluinen transkriptiikka, SMiLE-Seq, snRNA-seq, Sono-Seq, Southern blotti, Southwestern blot, vakaan isotooppimittaus, porrastettu laajennusprosessi, Strep-tag, Streptamer, Subcloning, Surround-optisen kuidun immunomääritys, suspensiojärjestelytekniikka, synkroninen sato, TA cloning, TBST, TCP-seq, Toeprinting assay, Suuntaviivat, Injection elektronimikroskopia DNA, sekvensointi, Univec, VectorDB, elinkyvyysanalyysi, ViroCap, Western blot, Western blot normalisointi

Molekyylibiologian Ty Kalut Vi

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Author : Yavor Mendel
language : fi
Publisher: Cambridge Stanford Books
Release Date :

Molekyylibiologian Ty Kalut Vi written by Yavor Mendel and has been published by Cambridge Stanford Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with Science categories.

Tämän kirjan sisältö: Käänteinen transfection, Prosessi, Edut ja haitat, Ribosomaalinen intergeeninen välikappaleanalyysi, Ribosome profilointi, Käyttöt, Menettely, Materiaalit, RNaasi H-riippuvainen PCR, Periaate, Sovellukset, Valumiskopiointi, Sanger -sekvensointi, menetelmä, mikrofluidinen Sanger -sekvensointi, selektion ja monistumisen sitoutumismääritys, menetelmä, sovellukset, yksisoluinen sekvensointi, tausta, yksisoluinen genomi( DNA ) sekvensointi, yksisoluinen DNA metyyliryhmien sekvensointi, yksisoluinen solumääritys transposaasiin pääsevälle kromatiinille sekvensoinnilla (scATAC-seq), yksisoluisella transkriptomekvensoinnilla( scRNA-seq ), huomioita, yksisoluinen DNA mallijonojono, tausta, metodologia, rajoitukset, sovellukset ja hyödyllisyys, huomiot, yksisoluinen transkriptiikka, tausta, kokeelliset vaiheet, data-analyysi, SMiLE-Seq, tausta, SMiLE-seq : n työnkulku, edut, rajoitukset, snRNA-seq, Menetelmät ja tekniikka, ero snRNA-seq ja scRNA-seq välillä, sovellus, snRNA-seq, Sono-Seq, Southern blotti, menetelmä, tulos, sovellukset, Southwestern blot, stabiilien isotooppien mittaus, porrastettu jatke prosessi, Strep-tag, kehittäminen ja biokemiaa Strep-tag The Strep-tag periaatteessa Strep-tag sovellukset, Streptamer, klassiset menetelmät T-solututkimuksessa, Streptamer tekniikka, Subcloning, menetelmä, tuoteplasmidin monistaminen, valinta, esimerkki: bakteeriplasmidi subcloning, Surround-optisen kuidun immunomääritys, Tausta, SOFIA komponentit, vaiheet SOFIA, sovellukset, julkaistu tutkimus, ripustusryhmätekniikka, yleiskuvaus SAT: sta DNA hybridization käyttämällä, multipleksointi, menetelmä, vahvuudet, heikkoudet, synkroninen sato, menetelmät, TA cloning, Menettely, Edut ja haitat, TBST, TBS- TBST Tweenin sisältö, TCP-seq, Sovellus, Periaatteet, Edut ja haitat, Kehitys, Toeprinting assay, Suuntaviivat, Injektiomenetelmät, Ohjelmisto, Lähetyselektronimikroskopia DNA, sekvensointi, Periaate, Työnkulku, Sovellukset, Vahvuudet ja heikkoudet, Univec, VectorDB, Elinkelpoisuusmääritys, Tyypit, Laajennettu luettelo elinkykyisyysmääritysmenetelmistä, ViroCap, Western blot, sovellukset, menettely, 2-D gel electrophoresis, Western blot normalisointi, menettely, siivousproteiinikontrollit, kokonaisproteiinin normalisointi