E Fah N Al Q P

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Allelopathy

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Author : Manuel J. Reigosa
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2006-02-28

Allelopathy written by Manuel J. Reigosa and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-02-28 with Science categories.

There are many good books in the market dealing with the subject of allelopathy. When we designed the outline of this new book, we thought that it should include as many different points of view as possible, although in an integrated general scheme. Allelopathy can be viewed from different of perspectives, ranging from the molecular to the ecosystem level, and including molecular biology, plant biochemistry, plant physiology, plant ecophysiology and ecology, with information coming also from the organic chemistry, soil sciences, microbiology and many other scientific disciplines. This book was designed to include a complete perspective of allelopathic process. The book is divided into seven major sections. The first chapter explores the international development of allelopathy as a science and next section deals with methodological aspects and it explores potential limitations of actual research. Third section is devoted to physiological aspects of allelopathy. Different specialists wrote about photosynthesis, cell cycle, detoxification processes, abiotic and biotic stress, plant secondary metabolites and respiration related to allelopathy. Chapters 13 through 16 are collectively devoted to various aspects of plant ecophysiology on a variety of levels: microorganisms, soil system and weed germination. Fundamental ecology approaches using both experimental observations and theoretical analysis of allelopathy are described in chapters 16 and 17. Those chapters deal with the possible evolutionary forces that have shaped particular strategies. In the section named “allelopathy in different environments”, authors primarily center on marine, aquatic, forest and agro ecosystems. Last section includes chapters addressing application of the knowledge of allelopathy.

Muslims Under Non Muslim Rule

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Author : Aḥmad ibn ʻAbd al-Ḥalīm Ibn Taymīyah
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006-01-01

Muslims Under Non Muslim Rule written by Aḥmad ibn ʻAbd al-Ḥalīm Ibn Taymīyah and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-01-01 with Hadith scholars categories.

Motor Disorders

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Author : David S. Younger
language : en
Publisher: Rothstein Publishing
Release Date : 2014-10

Motor Disorders written by David S. Younger and has been published by Rothstein Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-10 with Medical categories.

This preeminent book in the field of Neurology has been extensively updated and expanded by 70 leading authorities, providing a single, encyclopedic summary the scientific advances and new clinical practices that can be immediately considered for your patients. It brings together nearly the entire spectrum of motor disorders and Neurology into one convenient resource to aid in a comprehensive evaluation, diagnosis, distinction, and treatment of various disorders. Additionally, by using the perspectives of different subspecialties, the book also provides a comprehensive yet concise account of any disorder with motor manifestations. This new edition now includes the following content and features: Edited by David S. Younger, MD, a highly respected practitioner and researcher, with scholarly chapters by leaders in the field and more international authors than other texts. Up-to-date articles on highly changing subjects related to Neurogenetics. Chapters on Neurorehabilitation – coverage not usually found in other neurological textbooks. Advances in Alzheimer Disease, Parkinson Disease, Amyotophic Lateral Sclerosis. Both adult and pediatric topics in one book. High quality figures of neuroimaging and neuropathology.

Levodopa Pharmacokinetics From Stomach To Brain

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Author : Maria Nord
language : sv
Publisher: Linköping University Electronic Press
Release Date : 2019-01-07

Levodopa Pharmacokinetics From Stomach To Brain written by Maria Nord and has been published by Linköping University Electronic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-01-07 with categories.

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders and it is caused by a loss of dopamine (DA) producing neurons in the basal ganglia in the brain. The PD patient suffers from motor symptoms such as tremor, bradykinesia and rigidity and treatment with levodopa (LD), the precursor of DA, has positive effects on these symptoms. Several factors affect the availability of orally given LD. Gastric emptying (GE) is one factor and it has been shown to be delayed in PD patients resulting in impaired levodopa uptake. Different enzymes metabolize LD on its way from the gut to the brain resulting in less LD available in the brain and more side effects from the metabolites. By adding dopa decarboxylase inhibitors (carbidopa or benserazide) or COMT-inhibitors (e.g. entacapone) the bioavailability of LD increases significantly and more LD can pass the blood-brain-barrier and be converted to DA in the brain. It has been considered of importance to avoid high levodopa peaks in the brain because this seems to induce changes in postsynaptic dopaminergic neurons causing disabling motor complications in PD patients. More continuously given LD, e.g. duodenal or intravenous (IV) infusions, has been shown to improve these motor complications. Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN DBS) has also been proven to improve motor complications and to make it possible to reduce the LD dosage in PD patients. In this doctoral thesis the main purpose is to study the pharmacokinetics of LD in patients with PD and motor complications; in blood and subcutaneous tissue and study the effect of GE and PD stage on LD uptake and the effect of continuously given LD (CDS) on LD uptake and GE; in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) when adding the peripheral enzyme inhibitors entacapone and carbidopa to LD infusion IV; in brain during STN DBSand during oral or IV LD treatment. To conclude, LD uptake is more favorable in PD patients with less severe disease and GE is delayed in PD patients. No obvious relation between LD uptake and GE or between GE and PD stage is seen and CDS decreases the LD levels. Entacapone increases the maximal concentration of LD in blood and CSF. This is more evident with additional carbidopa and important to consider in avoiding high LD peaks in brain during PD treatment. LD in brain increases during both oral and IV LD treatment and the DA levels follows LD well indicating that PD patients still have capacity to metabolize LD to DA despite probable pronounced nigral degeneration. STN DBS seems to increase putaminal DA levels and together with IV LD treatment also increases LD in brain possibly explaining why it is possible to decrease LD medication after STN DBS surgery. Parkinsons sjukdom (PS) är en av de vanligaste s.k. neurodegenerativasjukdomarna och orsakas av förlust av dopamin(DA)producerande nervceller i hjärnan. Detta orsakar motoriska symptom såsom skakningar, stelhet och förlångsammade rörelser. Levodopa (LD) är ett ämne, som kan omvandlas till DA i hjärnan och ge symptomlindring och det är oftast förstahandsval vid behandling av patienter med PS. Flera faktorer påverkar tillgängligheten av LD, bl.a. den hastighet som magsäcken tömmer sig med och denna verkar förlångsammad hos personer med PS vilket ger sämre tillgänglighet av LD i blodet och därmed i hjärnan. LD bryts även ner i hög grad av olika enzym ute i kroppen vilket leder till mindre mängd LD som hamnar i hjärnan och till fler nedbrytningsprodukter som orsakar biverkningar. Tillägg av enzymhämmare leder till ökad mängd LD som kan nå hjärnan och omvandlas till DA. Det anses viktigt att undvika höga toppar av LD i hjärnan då dessa verkar bidra till utvecklandet av besvärliga motoriska komplikationer hos patienter med PS. Om LD ges mer kontinuerligt, exempelvis som en kontinuerlig infusion in i tarmen eller i blodet, så minskar dessa motoriska komplikationer. Inopererande av stimulatorer i vissa delar av hjärnan (DBS) har också visat sig minska dessa motoriska komplikationer och även resultera i att man kan minska LD-dosen. Huvudsyftet med den här avhandlingen är att studera LD hos patienter med PS; i blod och fettvävnad då LD ges i tablettform och se om det finns något samband med LD-upptag och hastigheten på magsäckstömningen (MT) och om kontinuerligt given LD påverkar LD-upptaget eller MT; i blod och i ryggmärgsvätska då enzymhämmarna entakapon och karbidopa tillsätts LD; i hjärna vid behandling med DBS och då LD ges både som tablett och som infusion i blodet. Sammanfattningsvis kan vi se att LD-upptaget är mer gynnsamt hos patienter med PS i tidigare skede av sjukdomens komplikationsfas. MT är förlångsammad hos patienter med PS och det är inget tydligt samband mellan LD-upptag och MT eller mellan MT och sjukdomsgrad. Kontinuerligt given LD minskar LDnivåerna. Enzymhämmaren entakapon ökar den maximala koncentrationen av LD i blod och ryggmärgsvätska och effekten är mer tydlig vid tillägg av karbidopa vilket är viktigt att ta i beaktande vid behandling av PS för att undvika höga toppar av LD i hjärnan. LD ökar i hjärnan då man behandlar med LD i tablettform och som infusion i blodet och DA-nivåerna i hjärnan följer LD väl vilket visar på att patienter med PS fortfarande kan omvandla LD till DA trots trolig uttalad brist av de DA-producerande nervcellerna i hjärnan. DBS verkar öka DA i vissa områden i hjärnan och tillsammans med LD-infusion i blodet verkar det även öka LD i hjärnan och det kan förklara varför man kan sänka LDdosen efter DBS-operation.

Cohomology Operations And Applications In Homotopy Theory

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Author : Robert E. Mosher
language : en
Publisher: Courier Corporation
Release Date : 2008-01-01

Cohomology Operations And Applications In Homotopy Theory written by Robert E. Mosher and has been published by Courier Corporation this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-01-01 with Mathematics categories.

Cohomology operations are at the center of a major area of activity in algebraic topology. This treatment explores the single most important variety of operations, the Steenrod squares. It constructs these operations, proves their major properties, and provides numerous applications, including several different techniques of homotopy theory useful for computation. 1968 edition.

Aminoff S Electrodiagnosis In Clinical Neurology

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Author : Michael J. Aminoff
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
Release Date : 2012-03-29

Aminoff S Electrodiagnosis In Clinical Neurology written by Michael J. Aminoff and has been published by Elsevier Health Sciences this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-03-29 with Medical categories.

Appropriately select, implement, and interpret electrodiagnostic tests to identify a full range of central and peripheral nervous system disorders with Aminoff's Electrodiagnosis in Clinical Neurology! Covering everything from basic principles to the latest advances in electrodiagnosis, this medical reference book helps you make optimal use of this powerful but complex diagnostic modality in compliance with regulatory and professional standards, so you can diagnose patients accurately and initiate effective treatment and management strategies. Deepen your understanding of the principles, scope, limitations, diagnostic importance, prognostic relevance, and complications for each technique. Visually grasp the technical and practical aspects of electrodiagnostic tests with almost 800 charts, figures, and tables. Rely on the knowledge, experience, and perspective of renowned expert Dr. Michael J. Aminoff and an international team of contributors comprised of a virtual "who's who" of clinical neurophysiology. Keep up with developments in the field through significant updates, including new chapters on Artifacts and Normal Variants in the Electroencephalogram; Microneurography; Clinical Applications of Nerve Excitability Testing; Ultrasound of Muscle and Nerve; The Blink Reflex and Other Brainstem Reflexes; Visual Evoked Potentials,Electroretinography and Other Diagnostic Approaches to the Visual System; and Magnetic Stimulation in Clinical Practice and Research. Access information on the go from your laptop or mobile device via expertconsult.com, featuring fully searchable text, and links to PubMed. Meet regulatory and professional standards and apply best practices with state-of-the-art guidance (for both non-specialists and specialists) emphasizing the clinical applications of each electrodiagnostic technique. Get easily actionable information and avoid mistakes with electrophysiologic findings integrated into the clinical context in which they are obtained.

Industrial Energy Conservation

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Author : Melvin H. Chiogioji
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1979

Industrial Energy Conservation written by Melvin H. Chiogioji and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1979 with Technology & Engineering categories.

Parkinson S Disease

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Author : National Collaborating Centre for Chronic Conditions (Great Britain)
language : en
Publisher: Royal College of Physicians
Release Date : 2006

Parkinson S Disease written by National Collaborating Centre for Chronic Conditions (Great Britain) and has been published by Royal College of Physicians this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Basal ganglia categories.

A Guide To Nip Theories

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Author : Pierre Simon
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2015-07-16

A Guide To Nip Theories written by Pierre Simon and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-07-16 with Mathematics categories.

The first book to introduce the rapidly developing subject of NIP theories, for students and researchers in model theory.

Localization Of Clinical Neurology

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Author : Lakshmi Narasimhan Ranganathan
language : en
Publisher: Wolters Kluwer India Pvt. Ltd.
Release Date : 2020-08-01

Localization Of Clinical Neurology written by Lakshmi Narasimhan Ranganathan and has been published by Wolters Kluwer India Pvt. Ltd. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-08-01 with Medical categories.

The South Asian Edition of Localization in Clinical Neurology is a unique and outstanding textbook on localization answering the trilogy of Neurology: 'Is there a lesion?' 'Where is the lesion?' and 'What is the lesion?' There is no surrogate to history taking and clinical examination in the process of neuraxis localization. The depths of knowledge unraveled in this book guides a beginners' brain in training and satiates a master's mind at work. Each chapter is carefully crafted to strengthen the anatomy, sense of localization, enhance the mind to solve the puzzles of neurology, and reach the possible etiology. Key Features • Unique textbook on clinical localization with comprehensive coverage addressing all brain regions including cranial, spinal, and peripheral nerves • Revision pearls at the end of each chapter provide a succinct summary of salient points in the chapter • Multiple-choice questions help in the revision of learned concepts • Flow charts, diagrams, algorithms, and tables assist in grasping the gist of the concepts • Case scenarios provide a virtual experience of the bedside clinics • Online videos and neurodiagnostic clues provide a better understanding of clinical findings • Detailed discussions cover relevant anatomy, followed by the lesions related to each anatomic feature