El Camino Hacia La Dolarizaci N En Ecuador

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Glosario Del Banco Mundial

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Author : World Bank
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 1996

Glosario Del Banco Mundial written by World Bank and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Business & Economics categories.

This edition of the World Bank has been revised and expanded by the Terminology Unit in the Languages Services Division of the World Bank in collaboration with the English, Spanish, and French Translation Sections. The Glossary is intended to assist the Bank's translators and interpreters, other Bank staff using French and Spanish in their work, and free-lance translator's and interpreters employed by the Bank. For this reason, the Glossary contains not only financial and economic terminology and terms relating to the Bank's procedures and practices, but also terms that frequently occur in Bank documents, and others for which the Bank has a preferred equivalent. Although many of these terms, relating to such fields as agriculture, education, energy, housing, law, technology, and transportation, could be found in other sources, they have been assembled here for ease of reference. A list of acronyms occurring frequently in Bank texts (the terms to which they refer being found in the Glossary) and a list of international, regional, and national organizations will be found at the end of the Glossary.

Tiger By The Tail A

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Author : Friedrich August Hayek
language : en
Publisher: Ludwig von Mises Institute
Release Date : 1971

Tiger By The Tail A written by Friedrich August Hayek and has been published by Ludwig von Mises Institute this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1971 with Keynesian economics categories.

Post Crisis Fiscal Policy

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Author : Carlo Cottarelli
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2014-06-27

Post Crisis Fiscal Policy written by Carlo Cottarelli and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-06-27 with Business & Economics categories.

"Fiscal policy makers have faced an extraordinarily challenging environment over the last few years. At the outset of the global financial crisis, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) for the first time advocated a fiscal expansion across all countries able to afford it, a seeming departure from the long-held consensus among economists that monetary policy rather than fiscal policy was the appropriate response to fluctuations in economic activity. Since then, the IMF has emphasized that the speed of fiscal adjustment should be determined by the specific circumstances in each country. Its recommendation that deficit reduction proceed steadily, but gradually, positions the IMF between the fiscal doves (who argue for postponing fiscal adjustment altogether) and the fiscal hawks (who argue for a front-loaded adjustment). This volume brings together the analysis underpinning the IMF's position on the evolving role of fiscal policy. After establishing its analytical foundation, with chapters on such topics as fiscal risk and debt dynamics, the book analyzes the buildup of fiscal vulnerabilities before the crisis, presents the policy response during the crisis, discusses the fiscal outlook and policy challenges ahead, and offers lessons learned from the crisis and its aftermath. Topics discussed include a historical view of debt accumulation; the timing, size, and composition of fiscal stimulus packages in advanced and emerging economies; the heated debate surrounding the size of fiscal multipliers and the effectiveness of fiscal policy as a countercyclical tool; coordination of fiscal and monetary policies; the sovereign debt crisis in Europe; and institutional reform aimed at fostering fiscal discipline."--Publisher's description.

Fiscal Adjustments In Oecd Countries

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Author : Mr.Alberto Alesina
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 1996-07-01

Fiscal Adjustments In Oecd Countries written by Mr.Alberto Alesina and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996-07-01 with Business & Economics categories.

This paper studies how the composition of fiscal adjustments influences their likelihood of “success”, defined as a long lasting deficit reduction, and their macroeconomic consequences. We find that fiscal adjustments which rely primarily on spending cuts on transfers and the government wage bill have a better chance of being successful and are expansionary. On the contrary fiscal adjustments which rely primarily on tax increases and cuts in public investment tend not to last and are contractionary. We discuss alterative explanations for these findings by studying both a full sample of OECD countries and by focusing on three case studies: Denmark, Ireland and Italy.

The Equity Risk Premium

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Author : William N. Goetzmann
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2006-11-16

The Equity Risk Premium written by William N. Goetzmann and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-11-16 with Business & Economics categories.

What is the return to investing in the stock market? Can we predict future stock market returns? How have equities performed over the last two centuries? The authors in this volume are among the leading researchers in the study of these questions. This book draws upon their research on the stock market over the past two dozen years. It contains their major research articles on the equity risk premium and new contributions on measuring, forecasting, and timing stock market returns, together with new interpretive essays that explore critical issues and new research on the topic of stock market investing. This book is aimed at all readers interested in understanding the empirical basis for the equity risk premium. Through the analysis and interpretation of two scholars whose research contributions have been key factors in the modern debate over stock market perfomance, this volume engages the reader in many of the key issues of importance to investors. How large is the premium? Is history a reliable guide to predict future equity returns? Does the equity and cash flows of the market? Are global equity markets different from those in the United States? Do emerging markets offer higher or lower equity risk premia? The authors use the historical performance of the world's stock markets to address these issues.

Financial Structure And Bank Profitability

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Author : Asl? Demirgüç-Kunt
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2000

Financial Structure And Bank Profitability written by Asl? Demirgüç-Kunt and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Bank profits categories.

Countries differ in the extent to which their financial systems are bank-based or market-based. The financial systems of Germany and Japan, for example, are considered bank-based because banks play a leading role in mobilizing savings, allocating capital, overseeing investment decisions of corporate managers, and providing risk management vehicles. The systems of the United States, and the United Kingdom are considered more market-based. Using bank-level data for a large number of industrial and developing countries, the authors present evidence about the impact of financial development, and structure on bank performance. They measure the relative importance of bank or market finance by the relative size of stock aggregates, by relative trading or transaction volumes, and by indicators of relative efficiency. They show that in developing countries, both banks and stock markets are less developed, but financial systems tend to be more bank-based. The richer the country, the more active are all financial intermediaries. The greater the development of a country's banks, the tougher is the competition, the greater is the efficiency, and the lower are the bank margins, and profits. The more under-developed the stock market, the greater are the bank profits. But financial structure per se does not have a significant, independent influence on bank margins, and profits.

Market Structure And Equilibrium

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Author : Heinrich von Stackelberg
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2010-11-10

Market Structure And Equilibrium written by Heinrich von Stackelberg and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-11-10 with Business & Economics categories.

In his book „Marktform und Gleichgewicht“, published initially in 1934, Heinrich von Stackelberg presented his groundbreaking leadership model of firm competition. In a work of great originality and richness, he described and analyzed a market situation in which the leader firm moves first and the follower firms then move sequentially. This game-theoretic model, now widely known as Stackelberg competition, has had tremendous impact on the theory of the firm and economic analysis in general, and has been applied to study decision-making in various fields of business. As the first translation of von Stackelberg’s book into English, this volume makes his classic work available in its original form to an English-speaking audience for the very first time.

A Theory Of Optimum Currency Areas

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Author : Mr.Robert P. Flood
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 1992-05-01

A Theory Of Optimum Currency Areas written by Mr.Robert P. Flood and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992-05-01 with Business & Economics categories.

Starting with Friedman and Mundell the academic literature has conducted a high level debate concerning the design of cross-country monetary arrangements. That debate has become very complex and the data requirements necessary for appropriate application of the principles developed are far beyond the means of the very nations for which the principles might be valuable. In this paper we return to the simplicity of the early arguments and formalize them in a way that may be helpful for currency area decisions where little is known about economic structure.

Promoting Fiscal Discipline

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Author : Mr.Manmohan S. Kumar
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2007-10-18

Promoting Fiscal Discipline written by Mr.Manmohan S. Kumar and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-10-18 with Business & Economics categories.

Fiscal discipline is essential to improve and sustain economic performance, maintain macroeconomic stability, and reduce vulnerabilities. Discipline is especially important if countries, industrial as well as developing, are to successfully meet the challenges, and reap the benefits, of economic and financial globalization. Lack of fiscal discipline generally stems from the injudicious use of policy discretion. The benefits of discretion are seen in terms of the ability of policymakers to respond to unexpected shocks and in allowing elected political representatives to fulfill their mandates. But discretion can be misused, resulting in persistent deficits and procyclical policies, rising debt levels, and, over time, a loss in policy credibility. The authors first explore the role of discretion in fiscal policy, and the extent, consequences, and causes of procyclicality, particularly in good times. They then examine how a variety of institutional approaches—fiscal rules, fiscal responsibility laws, and fiscal agencies—can help improve fiscal discipline. While each of these approaches can play a useful role, the authors suggest that a strategy combining them is likely to be particularly beneficial. Although such a strategy requires political commitment and effective fiscal management, at the same time, the strategy itself can bolster political commitment by highlighting the restraints on government and raising the costs of failing to respect them.

Structuralist Macroeconomics

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Author : Lance Taylor
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1983-05-03

Structuralist Macroeconomics written by Lance Taylor and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1983-05-03 with Developing countries categories.

The structuralist perspective; Adjustment mechanisms - the real side; Adjustment mechanisms - two sector models; Short-run adjustment in practice; Money and other assets in the short run; Money, inflation, and growth; Trade balance complications; Foreign assets and the balance of payments; Two sector models of inflation, distribution and growth; Trade patterns and southern growth; Policy lessons.