Foro Centroam Rica Ordenamiento Territorial 2012
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Violence And Resilience In Latin American Cities
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Author : Kees Koonings
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
Release Date : 2015-11-15
Violence And Resilience In Latin American Cities written by Kees Koonings and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-11-15 with Social Science categories.
Why are Latin American cities amongst the most violent in the world? Over the past decades Latin America has not only become the most urbanised of the regions of the so-called global South, it has also been the scene of the urbanisation of poverty and exclusion. Overall regional homicides rates are the highest in the world, a fact closely related to the spread and use of firearms by male youths, who are frequently involved in local and translocal forms of organised crime. In response, governments and law enforcements agencies have been facing mounting pressure to address violence through repressive strategies, which in turn has led to a number of consequences: law enforcement is often based on excessive violence and the victimisation of entire marginal populations. Thus, the dynamics of violence have generated a widespread perception of insecurity and fear. Featuring much original fieldwork across a broad array of case studies, this cutting edge volume focuses on questions not only of crime, insecurity and violence but also of Latin American cities' ability to respond to these problems in creative and productive ways.
Fragstats
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Author : Kevin McGarigal
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1995
Fragstats written by Kevin McGarigal and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with FRAGSTATS. categories.
Ecosystem Services From Agriculture And Agroforestry
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Author : Bruno Rapidel
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2012-06-25
Ecosystem Services From Agriculture And Agroforestry written by Bruno Rapidel and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-06-25 with Nature categories.
Agricultural systems are no longer evaluated solely on the basis of the food they provide, but also on their capacity to limit impacts on the environment, such as soil conservation, water quality and biodiversity conservation, as well as their contribution to mitigating and adapting to climate change. In order to cope with these multiple service functions, they must internalize the costs and benefits of their environmental impact. Payments for ecosystem services are hoped to encourage and promote sustainable practices via financial incentives. The authors show that while the principle is straightforward, the practice is much more complicated. Whereas scenic beauty and protection of water sources provide benefits to the local population, carbon sequestration and biodiversity conservation can be considered international public goods, rendering potential payment schemes more complex. Few examples exist where national or international bodies have been able to set up viable mechanisms that compensate agricultural systems for the environmental services they provide. However this book provides several examples of successful programs, and aims to transfer them to other regions of the world. The authors show that a product can be sold if it is clearly quantified, there exists a means to determine the service's values, and there is a willing buyer. The first two sections of the book present methodological issues related to the quantification and marketing of ecosystem services from agriculture, including agroforestry. The third and final section presents case studies of practical payments for ecosystem services and experiences in Central and South America, and draws some lessons learnt for effective and sustainable development of ecosystem services compensation mechanisms.
Latin American Economic Outlook 2019 Development In Transition
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Author : OECD
language : en
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Release Date : 2019-09-27
Latin American Economic Outlook 2019 Development In Transition written by OECD and has been published by OECD Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-09-27 with categories.
The Latin American Economic Outlook 2019: Development in Transition (LEO 2019) presents a fresh analytical approach in the region. It assesses four development traps relating to productivity, social vulnerability, institutions and the environment.
Climate Change Impacts On Tropical Forests In Central America
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Author : Aline Chiabai
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2015-09-25
Climate Change Impacts On Tropical Forests In Central America written by Aline Chiabai and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-09-25 with Business & Economics categories.
The loss of biodiversity is a major environmental problem in nearly every terrestrial ecosystem on Earth. This loss is accelerating driven by climate change, as well as by other causes including agricultural exploitation, fragmentation and degradation triggered by land use changes. The crucial issue under debate is the impact on the welfare of current and future population, and the role of humans in the exploitation of natural resources. This is of particular importance in Central America, which it is amongst the richest and most threatened biodiversity regions on the Earth, and where the loss of ecosystems strongly affects its socio-economic vulnerability. This book addresses the impacts of climate and land-use change on tropical forest ecosystems in this important region, and assesses the expected economic costs if no policy action is taken, under different future scenarios and for different geographical scales. This innovative collection utilises both theoretical approaches and empirical results to provide a conceptual framework for an integrated analysis of climate and land-use change impacts on forest ecosystems and related economic effects, offering insight into the complex relationship between ecosystems and benefits to humans. This important contribution to forest ecosystems and climate change provides invaluable reading for students and scholars in the fields of environmental and ecological economics, environmental science and forestry, natural resource management, agriculture and climate change.
The United Nations World Water Development Report 2017
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Author : WWAP
language : en
Publisher: UNESCO Publishing
Release Date : 2017-03-15
The United Nations World Water Development Report 2017 written by WWAP and has been published by UNESCO Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-03-15 with Education categories.
The United Nations World Water Assessment Programme (WWAP) is hosted and led by UNESCO. WWAP brings together the work of 31 UN-Water Members and 38 Partners to publish The United Nations World Water Development Report, (WWDR) series. The annual World Water Development Reports focus on strategic water issues. UN-Water Members and Partners, all experts in their respective fields, contribute the latest findings on a specific theme. The 2017 edition of the World Water Development Report focuses on 'Wastewater' and seeks to inform decision-makers, inside and outside the water community, about the importance of managing wastewater as an undervalued and sustainable source of water, energy, nutrients and other recoverable by-products, rather than something to be disposed of or a nuisance to be ignored. The report's title - Wastewater: The Untapped Resource - reflects the critical role that wastewater is poised to play in the context of a circular economy, whereby economic development is balanced with the protection of natural resources and environmental sustainability, and where a cleaner and more sustainable economy has a positive effect on the water quality. Improved wastewater management is not only critical to achieving the Sustainable Development Goal on clean water and sanitation (SDG 6), but also to other goals of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
Implementing Value Capture In Latin America
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Author : Martim Oscar Smolka
language : en
Publisher: Lincoln Inst of Land Policy
Release Date : 2013
Implementing Value Capture In Latin America written by Martim Oscar Smolka and has been published by Lincoln Inst of Land Policy this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Business & Economics categories.
The report examines a variety of specific instruments and applications in municipalities throughout the region under three categories: property taxation and betterment contributions; exactions and other direct negotiations for charges for building rights or the transfer of development rights; and large-scale approaches such as development of public land through privatization or acquisition, land readjustment, and public auctions of bonds for purchasing building rights. It concludes with a summary of lessons learned and recommends steps that can be taken in three spheres: Learn from Implementation Experiences Increase Knowledge about Theory and Practice Promote Greater Public Understanding and Participation
Reaching Out
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2005
Reaching Out written by and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Banks and banking, International categories.
"The authors (1) present new indicators of banking sector penetration across 99 countries based on a survey of bank regulatory authorities, (2) show that these indicators predict household and firm use of banking services, (3) explore the association between the outreach indicators and measures of financial, institutional, and infrastructure development across countries, and (4) relate these banking outreach indicators to measures of firms' financing constraints. In particular, they find that greater outreach is correlated with standard measures of financial development, as well as with economic activity. Controlling for these factors, the authors find that better communication and transport infrastructure and better governance are also associated with greater outreach. Government ownership of financial institutions translates into lower access, while more concentrated banking systems are associated with greater outreach. Finally, firms in countries with higher branch and ATM penetration and higher use of loan services report lower financing obstacles, thus linking banking sector outreach to the alleviation of firms' financing constraints. "--World Bank web site.
The Local Alternative
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Author : Rafael de la Cruz
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-04-30
The Local Alternative written by Rafael de la Cruz and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-04-30 with Business & Economics categories.
This book offers a step forward in finding out how the new decentralized institutional arrangements affect local economic development. In particular, it analyzes how local governments can use their increasing powers and responsibilities to improve productivity and quality of life in their territories.
Guidelines For Protected Areas Legislation
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Author : Barbara J. Lausche
language : en
Publisher: IUCN
Release Date : 2011
Guidelines For Protected Areas Legislation written by Barbara J. Lausche and has been published by IUCN this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Law categories.
The central aim of this publication is to consider the key elements of a modern, comprehensive, and effective legal framework for successful management of protected areas. They provide practical guidance for all those involved in developing, improving, or reviewing national legislation on protected areas, be they legal drafters and practitioners, protected area managers, interested NGOs, or scholars. These guidelines include fifteen case studies, eight dealing with the protected area legislation of individual countries and six cases dealing with specific sites providing fundamental solutions that stand the test of time.