Globalization And Economic Growth
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Development Growth Economic Impacts Of Globalization
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Author : Farhang Morady, Hakan Kapucu, Ömer Yalçınkaya
language : en
Publisher: IJOPEC Publication
Release Date : 2017-04-14
Development Growth Economic Impacts Of Globalization written by Farhang Morady, Hakan Kapucu, Ömer Yalçınkaya and has been published by IJOPEC Publication this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-04-14 with Business & Economics categories.
The growth paradigm or the economic growth generally been presented as a positive, limitless and good for social problems. The term was hardly touched in pre-capitalism by any academic research. With the rise of capitalism and industrial revolution it became an important tool to measure production quantitatively and qualitatively. Industrialisation also encouraged the expansion of trade and gradual breakdown of the pre-capitalist order in 18th century in Britain. The spread of market had facilitated the specialisation, encouraging division of labour. Whilst for The Classical Political Economists; Adam Smith, David Ricardo and Thomas Malthus; economic growth is self-reinforcing. Marx pointed out importance of forces and relations of production and significance of social classes within it (Marx, 1863). Smith, Ricardo and Malthus were writing at a time when capitalist development was expanding fast and growth was a central in the process. The gradual impact of the West on the rest of world became part of a wider process of change in the World Economy. European capital increased its domination of the world trade through expansionist commercial policies (Wallerstein, 1979). The economic growth encouraged commerce. The necessity to export, and other technological changes formed part of the reason for the decline of feudalism. This transition from feudalism to capitalism began in the West and soon made an impact on the rest of the World. T Farhang Morady, Hakan Kapucu, Ömer Yalçınkaya (Development & Growth: Economic Impacts of Globalization) 12 In 1932 Simon Kuznets, the US economist identified Gross Domestic Product (GDP) to measure the national output of a country within a period. It has continued to be an important indicator to measure economic growth, but it has also been under considerable criticisms. For example; GDP treats resources as income without excluding depletion or depression of the resources. Moreover, GDP has been criticised for disregarding income distribution. Despite all the criticism, GDP has been the most significant indicator of growth and development. With the Post War-II reconstruction of devastated countries and in order to kick-start the World Economy, the state in both developed and developing counties became the important agency to facilitate economic growth. The establishment of the Bretton Woods institutions, the Keynesian model of government intervention and the US implementation of “New Deal” facilitated growth. This was deliberate strategy to reconstruct and create networks of international cooperation. This was pointed out by President Truman in 1949: A program of development based on the concepts of democratic fair-dealing. All countries, including our own, will greatly benefit from a constructive program for the better use of the World's human and natural resources (Truman, 1949). This meant the reinforcement and need to distribute the 'Benefits' of capitalist form of development, more widely, against the planned economy sustained by the Soviet Union. The economist such as Joseph Schumpeter pointed to the possibility that capitalist growth, if it is sustained, could abolish poverty (Schumpeter, 1954, pp66-68). Whilst development meant rapid industrialisation, GDP became a key policy objective for the policy makers and governments around the world, not just in the Soviet Union but the Western Capitalist World, to set targets for their Growth Rate. The end of the Cold War in the 1980s, for some, meant triumph of Neoliberal Capitalism. The others talked of trade liberalization; free movement of capital and the development of information technology, facilitating the relocation of businesses across the world. (Ohmae, 1995). Friedman suggested that globalization is the Inevitable; Integration of markets, nation-states and technologies ... enabling individuals, corporations and nation-states, to reach around the world farther, faster, deeper and cheaper than ever before (Friedman, 1999). Development & Growth: Economic Impact of Globalization (Edited by: Farhang Morady, Hakan Kapucu, Ömer Yalçınkaya) 13 Francis Fukuyama (1992) suggested the new era as ‘The End of History’ through which the ‘Liberal Idea’ triumphed, leading to a new global hegemony. For Fukuyama the only route to modernity, growth and development is the Neo-liberal Democratic path under Global Capitalism. This optimism was not shared by all academics, as Globalization produced poor growth and polarization of wealth: what Collier terms the ‘Bottom one Billion’ (2008). As a result, there has been major criticism of the World Bank and the International Monetary Funds in the second half of the 1990s, especially with the Asian financial and economic crises. The response from these institutions has been vigorous. They continued to believe that liberalization, deregulation, and privatization represent the best way forward for growth and development. With 2008 world recession the World Economy has faced a new challenge. The emergence of powerful economies such as; China, India and Brazil; helped the world economy to grow, at least for now. However, the unevenness of the world economy continues to cause difficulties especially the US as they feeling the threat of their competitors such as China, Germany and even India. The victory of Donald Trump as the S President has represented an ideological shift from free trade advocator of global capitalism to a mixture of right-wing populism. Before and after the presidential election, he called for the revival of the American economy, which has been under considerable pressure since 2008 World Recession. In order to prove growth rate Trump has a huge challenge ahead, not least to deal with the competition from South East Asian economies, especially China. It remains to be seen whether the new US administration will continue with their populist rhetoric In this book, “Economic Impacts of Globalization: Growth & Development”, several academicians provide different analysis of economic growth and economic development. The scientific ethics and responsibility of the works in the book belong to the authors / writers. The book compromises of 15 chapters focusing on economic growth and economic development in the era of globalisation. By taking different angles, they demonstrate different problems and solutions.
Globalization Economic Growth And Innovation Dynamics
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Author : Paul J.J. Welfens
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-03-14
Globalization Economic Growth And Innovation Dynamics written by Paul J.J. Welfens and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-14 with Business & Economics categories.
In the new global economy, more countries have opened up to international competition and rapid capital flows. However, in the triad the process of globalization is rather asymmetric. With a rising role of multinational companies there are favorable prospects for higher global growth and economic catching-up, respectively. Theoretical analysis suggests key ingredients of sustained growth, but there is also a new concept of a long-term equilibrium income gap in which convergence is rather unlikely. The analysis also picks up European and US labor market issues in the context of economic globalization and raises the question of which EU policies in the field of labor market reform and of innovation policies are adequate.
Globalisation And Economic Growth In China
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Author : Linda Y Yueh
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2006-11-29
Globalisation And Economic Growth In China written by Linda Y Yueh and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-11-29 with Business & Economics categories.
In the 26 years since market-oriented reforms were introduced, China has emerged onto the world stage as a major economic presence, particularly since her accession to the World Trade Organisation in 2001.This book is a collection of papers on the effects of globalisation on China's growth prospects and of China's growth on the wider economy. The issues explored include the sustainability of China's continuing economic reform and the necessary reforms to sustain that growth; the considerable effects of her integration into the global economy and its implications for the conduct of Chinese economic policies, including the exchange rate regime; and the influence of China on the regional and world economy. China's competitiveness in exports has also begun to challenge the market share of developing and developed economies; this role in promoting intra-regional trade is also explored.
Towards A Better Global Economy
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Author : Franklin Allen
language : en
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Release Date : 2014-09-04
Towards A Better Global Economy written by Franklin Allen and has been published by OUP Oxford this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-09-04 with Business & Economics categories.
Substantial progress in the fight against extreme poverty was made in the last two decades. But the slowdown in global economic growth and significant increases in income inequality in many developed and developing countries raise serious concerns about the continuation of this trend into the 21st century. The time has come to seriously think about how improvements in official global governance, coupled with and reinforced by rising activism of 'global citizens' can lead to welfare-enhancing and more equitable results for global citizens through better national and international policies. This book examines the factors that are most likely to facilitate the process of beneficial economic growth in low-, middle-, and high-income countries. It examines past, present, and future economic growth; demographic changes; the hyperglobalization of trade; the effect of finance on growth; climate change and resource depletion; and the sense of global citizenship and the need for global governance in order to draw longer-term implications, identify policy options for improving the lives of average citizens around the world, and make the case for the need to confront new challenges with truly global policy responses. The book documents how demographic changes, convergence, and competition are likely to bring about massive shifts in the sectoral and geographical composition of global output and employment, as the center of gravity of the global economy moves toward Asia and emerging economies elsewhere. It shows that the legacies of the 2008-09 crisis-high unemployment levels, massive excess capacities, and high debt levels-are likely to reduce the standard of living of millions of people in many countries over a long period of adjustment and that fluctuations in international trade, financial markets, and commodity prices, as well as the tendency of institutions at both the national and international level to favor the interests of the better-off and more powerful pose substantial risks for citizens of all countries. The chapters and their policy implications are intended to stimulate public interest and facilitate the exchange of ideas and policy dialogue.
Growth And Development In The Global Economy
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Author : Harry Bloch
language : en
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Release Date : 2003
Growth And Development In The Global Economy written by Harry Bloch and has been published by Edward Elgar Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Economic development categories.
What are the forces behind the increasing globalization of economic life? How does globalization affect the functioning of national economies? What difficulties confront government policymakers in dealing with the global economy? These issues are addressed in this volume by leading specialists. The contributors present a range of unique and varied perspectives from which they consider aspects of the increasing integration of economic life, exploring implications for the functioning of domestic markets in a rapidly changing global economy. The result is a collection of insights that provide a framework for understanding globalization as an economic phenomenon. The determinants of national economic growth within this global context, and the way in which national governments and international organizations can best achieve growth and development without instability and widening inequality are also discussed. The book will appeal to economists and national and international policymakers interested in novel approaches to analysing the impact of globalization.
Globalisation And Economic Growth
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Author : Elsabé Loots
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
Globalisation And Economic Growth written by Elsabé Loots and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Business & Economics categories.
Emerging States And Economies
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Author : Takashi Shiraishi
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-11-19
Emerging States And Economies written by Takashi Shiraishi and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-11-19 with Political Science categories.
This open access book asks why and how some of the developing countries have “emerged” under a set of similar global conditions, what led individual countries to choose the particular paths that led to their “emergence,” and what challenges confront them. If we are to understand the nature of major risks and uncertainties in the world, we must look squarely at the political and economic dynamics of emerging states, such as China, India, Brazil, Russia, and ASEAN countries. Their rapid economic development has changed the distribution of wealth and power in the world. Yet many of them have middle income status. To global governance issues, they tend to adopt approaches that differ from those of advanced industrialized democracies. At home, rapid economic growth and social changes put pressure on their institutions to change. This volume traces the historical trajectories of two major emerging states, China and India, and two city states, Hong Kong and Singapore. It also analyzes cross-country data to find the general patterns of economic development and sociopolitical change in relation to globalization and to the middle income trap.
Globalization Growth And Sustainability
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Author : Satya Dev Gupta
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Globalization Growth And Sustainability written by Satya Dev Gupta and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Business & Economics categories.
Globalization, Growth and Sustainability focuses on the implications of both regional and global trade liberalization and complementary macroeconomics policy reforms on growth, equity, and sustainability. The volume is organized into three sections: Part One addresses the issue of economic growth with a special reference to less developed economies; Part Two examines the pros and cons of the regional economic integration movement for the countries either participating in, or outside of, the regional groups; Part Three focuses on the issues of equity and sustainability. Globalization, Growth and Sustainability will provide valuable insights and important background analysis for scholars working in the field of globalization, as well as senior undergraduate and graduate students in a variety of curricula, including economics, development studies, and international studies.
International Differences In Growth Rates
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Author : Mario Baldassarri
language : en
Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan
Release Date : 1994-10-28
International Differences In Growth Rates written by Mario Baldassarri and has been published by Palgrave Macmillan this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994-10-28 with Business & Economics categories.
Why have some countries grown much faster than others in the post-war period and over a longer timespan? And what can a country do to improve its growth and performance? The contributors to this volume provide answers to these questions, focussing in particular on two areas: the role that globalization of certain markets has played in the convergence of productivity levels over much of the world in recent decades and the effect on economic growth of a country's membership of a specific economic area.
Economic Growth Transition And Globalization In China
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Author : Yanrui Wu
language : en
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Release Date : 2006-01-01
Economic Growth Transition And Globalization In China written by Yanrui Wu and has been published by Edward Elgar Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-01-01 with Political Science categories.
This book addresses a number of important topics and issues associated with China's economic transition, growth and global integration. The chapters, by a distinguished group of scholars, provide a timely assessment of recent developments in the Chinese economy. The authors employ contemporary economic theory and the latest statistics to analyze the sources and spillover effects of China's growth, to investigate the relationship between growth and business cycle, and to shed light on China's growth prospects in the coming decade. In the context of growth, transition and globalization, the chapters also cover issues such as labour economics, urban efficiency, banking and macroeconomic management. Economic Growth, Transition and Globalization in China is a highly focused and unique work of direct policy relevance and is aimed at an international audience. It is an invaluable combination of rigorous theoretical work and empirical material. This timely book should be an important reference for researchers and students of Asian studies, and the Chinese economy, in particular. It will also appeal to business analysts.