Hambatan Perdagangan
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Invisible Barriers To Invisible Trade
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Author : Brian Griffiths
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 1975-06-18
Invisible Barriers To Invisible Trade written by Brian Griffiths and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1975-06-18 with Business & Economics categories.
Termites In The Trading System
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Author : Jagdish Bhagwati
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2008-07-14
Termites In The Trading System written by Jagdish Bhagwati and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-07-14 with Business & Economics categories.
Jagdish Bhagwati, the internationally renowned economist who uniquely combines a reputation as the leading scholar of international trade with a substantial presence in public policy on the important issues of the day, shines here a critical light on Preferential Trade Agreements, revealing how the rapid spread of PTAs endangers the world trading system. Numbering by now well over 300, and rapidly increasing, these preferential trade agreements, many taking the form of Free Trade Agreements, have re-created the unhappy situation of the 1930s, when world trade was undermined by discriminatory practices. Whereas this was the result of protectionism in those days, ironically it is a result of misdirected pursuit of free trade via PTAs today. The world trading system is at risk again, the author argues, and the danger is palpable. Writing with his customary wit, panache and elegance, Bhagwati documents the growth of these PTAs, the reasons for their proliferation, and their deplorable consequences which include the near-destruction of the non-discrimination which was at the heart of the postwar trade architecture and its replacement by what he has called the spaghetti bowl of a maze of preferences. Bhagwati also documents how PTAs have undermined the prospects for multilateral freeing of trade, serving as stumbling blocks, instead of building blocks, for the objective of reaching multilateral free trade. In short, Bhagwati cogently demonstrates why PTAs are Termites in the Trading System.
The Challenge Of Reducing International Trade And Migration Barriers
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Author : Kym Anderson
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2008
The Challenge Of Reducing International Trade And Migration Barriers written by Kym Anderson and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Agriculture categories.
Abstract: While barriers to trade in most goods and some services including capital flows have been reduced considerably over the past two decades, many remain. Such policies harm most the economies imposing them, but the worst of the merchandise barriers (in agriculture and textiles) are particularly harmful to the world's poorest people, as are barriers to worker migration across borders. This paper focuses on how costly those anti-poor trade policies are, and examines possible strategies to reduce remaining distortions. Two opportunities in particular are addressed: completing the Doha Development Agenda process at the World Trade Organization (WTO), and freeing up the international movement of workers. A review of the economic benefits and adjustment costs associated with these opportunities provides the foundation to undertake benefit/cost analysis required to rank this set of opportunities against those aimed at addressing the world's other key challenges as part of the Copenhagen Consensus project. The paper concludes with key caveats and suggests that taking up these opportunities could generate huge social benefit/cost ratios that are considerably higher than the direct economic ones quantified in this study, even without factoring in their contribution to alleviating several of the other challenges identified by that project, including malnutrition, disease, poor education and air pollution.
The Challenge Of Reducing Subsidies And Trade Barriers
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Author : Kym Anderson
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2004
The Challenge Of Reducing Subsidies And Trade Barriers written by Kym Anderson and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Free trade categories.
"This is one of 10 studies for the Copenhagen Consensus Project that sought to evaluate the most feasible opportunities to improve welfare globally and alleviate poverty in developing countries. Anderson argues that phasing out distortionary government subsidies and barriers to international trade will yield an extraordinarily high benefit-cost ratio. A survey is provided of recent estimates using global economywide simulation models of the benefits of doing that by way of the current Doha round of multilateral trade negotiations. Even if adjustment costs are several times as large as suggested by available estimates, the benefit-cost ratio from seizing this opportunity exceeds 20. That is much higher than the rewards from regional or bilateral trade agreements or from providing preferential access for least-developed countries' exports to high-income countries. Such reform would simultaneously contribute to alleviating several of the other key challenges reflected in the United Nation's Millennium Development Goals"--Abstract.
Makroekonomi Edisi 6
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Author :
language : id
Publisher: Erlangga
Release Date :
Makroekonomi Edisi 6 written by and has been published by Erlangga this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.
Quantifying The Impact Of Technical Barriers To Trade
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Author : Keith Eugene Maskus
language : en
Publisher: University of Michigan Press
Release Date : 2001
Quantifying The Impact Of Technical Barriers To Trade written by Keith Eugene Maskus and has been published by University of Michigan Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with Business & Economics categories.
A discussion of the increasingly contentious debates over national regulations of safety and health in the international trade system
After Hong Kong
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Author : Ivan Mbirimi
language : en
Publisher: Academic Foundation
Release Date : 2007
After Hong Kong written by Ivan Mbirimi and has been published by Academic Foundation this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Business & Economics categories.
Contents: Will the Doha Round Deliver for Development? - Aid For Trade - Implications of the Hong Kong Ministerial Declaration on Duty-free and Quota-free Access for Least Developed Countries - Addressing Global Subsidies: Uprooting the Seeds of Poverty.
Reforming Non Tariff Measures
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Author : Olivier Cadot
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2018-06-26
Reforming Non Tariff Measures written by Olivier Cadot and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-06-26 with Business & Economics categories.
Non-tariff measures (NTMs) in international trade continues to cause trade costs to be high and to impede the further growth of trade and the gains that can be derived from trade. This book discusses some of the analytical methods that can be used to estimate the impact of NTMs on international trade, and the possible gains from their reform.
Trade Effects Of Regional Standards Liberalization
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Author : Silja Baller
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2007
Trade Effects Of Regional Standards Liberalization written by Silja Baller and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Bilateral Trade categories.
This study investigates trade effects of the regional liberalization of technical barriers to trade (TBTs) in the form of harmonization and mutual recognition agreements (MRAs) for testing procedures. The theoretical part of the paper is framed in terms of a heterogeneous firms approach. This paper adds to the existing literature by formalizing the effects of MRAs and harmonization initiatives on bilateral trade flows and by applying this new theoretical framework in the empirical part of the paper. The latter consists of a two-stage gravity estimation and investigates sectoral effects of TBT liberalization on parties to the agreement as well as excluded industrial and developing countries. It finds that MRAs have a strong positive influence on both export probabilities and trade volumes for partner countries. Regarding harmonization, results seem to suggest that the impact on parties to the agreement is negligible, however that on excluded OECD countries is large and positive. Third party developing countries do not seem to benefit from the market integration effect brought about by harmonization in other regions. Overall, effects on the probability that a new firm will export are much more pronounced than effects on the trade volumes of incumbent exporters.
Foreign Trade Barriers And Export Growth
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Author : Asian Development Bank
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1988
Foreign Trade Barriers And Export Growth written by Asian Development Bank and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1988 with Asia categories.
