Handbuch Der Historischen Buchbest Nde Wien Teil 1

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Paper Machines

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Author : Markus Krajewski
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2011-08-19

Paper Machines written by Markus Krajewski and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-08-19 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.

Why the card catalog—a “paper machine” with rearrangeable elements—can be regarded as a precursor of the computer. Today on almost every desk in every office sits a computer. Eighty years ago, desktops were equipped with a nonelectronic data processing machine: a card file. In Paper Machines, Markus Krajewski traces the evolution of this proto-computer of rearrangeable parts (file cards) that became ubiquitous in offices between the world wars. The story begins with Konrad Gessner, a sixteenth-century Swiss polymath who described a new method of processing data: to cut up a sheet of handwritten notes into slips of paper, with one fact or topic per slip, and arrange as desired. In the late eighteenth century, the card catalog became the librarian's answer to the threat of information overload. Then, at the turn of the twentieth century, business adopted the technology of the card catalog as a bookkeeping tool. Krajewski explores this conceptual development and casts the card file as a “universal paper machine” that accomplishes the basic operations of Turing's universal discrete machine: storing, processing, and transferring data. In telling his story, Krajewski takes the reader on a number of illuminating detours, telling us, for example, that the card catalog and the numbered street address emerged at the same time in the same city (Vienna), and that Harvard University's home-grown cataloging system grew out of a librarian's laziness; and that Melvil Dewey (originator of the Dewey Decimal System) helped bring about the technology transfer of card files to business.

Fun And Games With The Recorder

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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Schott
Release Date : 1999-07

Fun And Games With The Recorder written by and has been published by Schott this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999-07 with Music categories.

(Schott). Although the recorder is often the instrument with which children will make their first musical discoveries, it is also an instrument of the highest artistic merit. This series links these two extremes, providing a carefully planned pathway between first contact with the instrument and professional recorder playing. The three tutor books are suitable for use both with small groups and for individual tuition. Progress is made in small steps, placing great value on consistent work with breathing, sound production and the development of rhythmic security. Books feature carefully planned, precisely formulated exercises. The Tutor Books are complemented by the Tune Books. These provide additional practice pieces and exercises, sometimes with accompaniment.

Human Information Retrieval

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Author : Julian Warner
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2009-09-25

Human Information Retrieval written by Julian Warner and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-09-25 with Computers categories.

An overview of information retrieval rooted in the humanities and social sciences but informed by an understanding of information technology and information theory. Information retrieval in the age of Internet search engines has become part of ordinary discourse and everyday practice: “Google” is a verb in common usage. Thus far, more attention has been given to practical understanding of information retrieval than to a full theoretical account. In Human Information Retrieval, Julian Warner offers a comprehensive overview of information retrieval, synthesizing theories from different disciplines (information and computer science, librarianship and indexing, and information society discourse) and incorporating such disparate systems as WorldCat and Google into a single, robust theoretical framework. There is a need for such a theoretical treatment, he argues, one that reveals the structure and underlying patterns of this complex field while remaining congruent with everyday practice. Warner presents a labor theoretic approach to information retrieval, building on his previously formulated distinction between semantic and syntactic mental labor, arguing that the description and search labor of information retrieval can be understood as both semantic and syntactic in character. Warner's information science approach is rooted in the humanities and the social sciences but informed by an understanding of information technology and information theory. The chapters offer a progressive exposition of the topic, with illustrative examples to explain the concepts presented. Neither narrowly practical nor largely speculative, Human Information Retrieval meets the contemporary need for a broader treatment of information and information systems.

Thinking In Boxes Digital Original Edition

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Author : Markus Krajewski
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2015-04-01

Thinking In Boxes Digital Original Edition written by Markus Krajewski and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-04-01 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.

This BIT chronicles the history of the predigital “scholar's machine”: a box of paper slips that acted both as memory aid and text generator. In it, Markus Krajewski describes the scholar's box as a form of data protection, tracing its genealogy beginning with peculiar excerption techniques of early nineteenth century scholars.

An Unfinished Life

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Author : Robert Dallek
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014-05-10

An Unfinished Life written by Robert Dallek and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-05-10 with BIOGRAPHY & AUTOBIOGRAPHY categories.

Everywhere acclaimed for its compelling narrative, its fresh insights, and its dispassionate appraisal of John F. Kennedy's presidency, this #1 national bestseller is the first full-scale single-volume biography of JFK to be written by a historian in nearly four decades. Drawing on previously unavailable material and never-before-opened archives, An Unfinished Life is packed with revelations large and small - about JFK's health, his love affairs, RFK's appointment as Attorney General, what Joseph Kennedy did to help his son win the White House, and the path JFK would have taken in the Vietnam entanglement had he survived. Robert Dallek succeeds as no other biographer has done in striking a critical balance - never shying away from JFK's weaknesses, brilliantly exploring his strengths - as he offers up a vivid portrait of a bold, brave, complex, heroic, human Kennedy.

Good Faith Collaboration

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Author : Joseph M. Reagle, Jr.
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2012-09-21

Good Faith Collaboration written by Joseph M. Reagle, Jr. and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-09-21 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.

How Wikipedia collaboration addresses the challenges of openness, consensus, and leadership in a historical pursuit for a universal encyclopedia. Wikipedia, the online encyclopedia, is built by a community—a community of Wikipedians who are expected to “assume good faith” when interacting with one another. In Good Faith Collaboration, Joseph Reagle examines this unique collaborative culture. Wikipedia, says Reagle, is not the first effort to create a freely shared, universal encyclopedia; its early twentieth-century ancestors include Paul Otlet's Universal Repository and H. G. Wells's proposal for a World Brain. Both these projects, like Wikipedia, were fuelled by new technology—which at the time included index cards and microfilm. What distinguishes Wikipedia from these and other more recent ventures is Wikipedia's good-faith collaborative culture, as seen not only in the writing and editing of articles but also in their discussion pages and edit histories. Keeping an open perspective on both knowledge claims and other contributors, Reagle argues, creates an extraordinary collaborative potential. Wikipedia's style of collaborative production has been imitated, analyzed, and satirized. Despite the social unease over its implications for individual autonomy, institutional authority, and the character (and quality) of cultural products, Wikipedia's good-faith collaborative culture has brought us closer than ever to a realization of the century-old pursuit of a universal encyclopedia.

Author Catalog

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Author : Library of Congress
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1953

Author Catalog written by Library of Congress and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1953 with American literature categories.