Handbuch F R Sterreichische Universit Ts Und Studien Bibliotheken Sowie F R Volks Mittelschul Und Bezirks Lehrerbibliotheken
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Paper Machines
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Author : Markus Krajewski
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2011-08-19
Paper Machines written by Markus Krajewski and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-08-19 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
Why the card catalog—a “paper machine” with rearrangeable elements—can be regarded as a precursor of the computer. Today on almost every desk in every office sits a computer. Eighty years ago, desktops were equipped with a nonelectronic data processing machine: a card file. In Paper Machines, Markus Krajewski traces the evolution of this proto-computer of rearrangeable parts (file cards) that became ubiquitous in offices between the world wars. The story begins with Konrad Gessner, a sixteenth-century Swiss polymath who described a new method of processing data: to cut up a sheet of handwritten notes into slips of paper, with one fact or topic per slip, and arrange as desired. In the late eighteenth century, the card catalog became the librarian's answer to the threat of information overload. Then, at the turn of the twentieth century, business adopted the technology of the card catalog as a bookkeeping tool. Krajewski explores this conceptual development and casts the card file as a “universal paper machine” that accomplishes the basic operations of Turing's universal discrete machine: storing, processing, and transferring data. In telling his story, Krajewski takes the reader on a number of illuminating detours, telling us, for example, that the card catalog and the numbered street address emerged at the same time in the same city (Vienna), and that Harvard University's home-grown cataloging system grew out of a librarian's laziness; and that Melvil Dewey (originator of the Dewey Decimal System) helped bring about the technology transfer of card files to business.
Thinking In Boxes Digital Original Edition
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Author : Markus Krajewski
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2015-04-01
Thinking In Boxes Digital Original Edition written by Markus Krajewski and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-04-01 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This BIT chronicles the history of the predigital “scholar's machine”: a box of paper slips that acted both as memory aid and text generator. In it, Markus Krajewski describes the scholar's box as a form of data protection, tracing its genealogy beginning with peculiar excerption techniques of early nineteenth century scholars.
Human Information Retrieval
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Author : Julian Warner
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2009-09-25
Human Information Retrieval written by Julian Warner and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-09-25 with Computers categories.
An overview of information retrieval rooted in the humanities and social sciences but informed by an understanding of information technology and information theory. Information retrieval in the age of Internet search engines has become part of ordinary discourse and everyday practice: “Google” is a verb in common usage. Thus far, more attention has been given to practical understanding of information retrieval than to a full theoretical account. In Human Information Retrieval, Julian Warner offers a comprehensive overview of information retrieval, synthesizing theories from different disciplines (information and computer science, librarianship and indexing, and information society discourse) and incorporating such disparate systems as WorldCat and Google into a single, robust theoretical framework. There is a need for such a theoretical treatment, he argues, one that reveals the structure and underlying patterns of this complex field while remaining congruent with everyday practice. Warner presents a labor theoretic approach to information retrieval, building on his previously formulated distinction between semantic and syntactic mental labor, arguing that the description and search labor of information retrieval can be understood as both semantic and syntactic in character. Warner's information science approach is rooted in the humanities and the social sciences but informed by an understanding of information technology and information theory. The chapters offer a progressive exposition of the topic, with illustrative examples to explain the concepts presented. Neither narrowly practical nor largely speculative, Human Information Retrieval meets the contemporary need for a broader treatment of information and information systems.
Good Faith Collaboration
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Author : Joseph M. Reagle, Jr.
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2012-09-21
Good Faith Collaboration written by Joseph M. Reagle, Jr. and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-09-21 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
How Wikipedia collaboration addresses the challenges of openness, consensus, and leadership in a historical pursuit for a universal encyclopedia. Wikipedia, the online encyclopedia, is built by a community—a community of Wikipedians who are expected to “assume good faith” when interacting with one another. In Good Faith Collaboration, Joseph Reagle examines this unique collaborative culture. Wikipedia, says Reagle, is not the first effort to create a freely shared, universal encyclopedia; its early twentieth-century ancestors include Paul Otlet's Universal Repository and H. G. Wells's proposal for a World Brain. Both these projects, like Wikipedia, were fuelled by new technology—which at the time included index cards and microfilm. What distinguishes Wikipedia from these and other more recent ventures is Wikipedia's good-faith collaborative culture, as seen not only in the writing and editing of articles but also in their discussion pages and edit histories. Keeping an open perspective on both knowledge claims and other contributors, Reagle argues, creates an extraordinary collaborative potential. Wikipedia's style of collaborative production has been imitated, analyzed, and satirized. Despite the social unease over its implications for individual autonomy, institutional authority, and the character (and quality) of cultural products, Wikipedia's good-faith collaborative culture has brought us closer than ever to a realization of the century-old pursuit of a universal encyclopedia.
The Family And Its Future
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Author : Katherine Elliott
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2009-09-16
The Family And Its Future written by Katherine Elliott and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-09-16 with Social Science categories.
The Novartis Foundation Series is a popular collection of the proceedings from Novartis Foundation Symposia, in which groups of leading scientists from a range of topics across biology, chemistry and medicine assembled to present papers and discuss results. The Novartis Foundation, originally known as the Ciba Foundation, is well known to scientists and clinicians around the world.
Kinderleben In Der Deutschen Vergangenheit Mit Abbild U Beilagen Nach Den Originalen Aus Dem 15 18 Jahrn
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Author : Hans Boesch
language : en
Publisher: Legare Street Press
Release Date : 2022-10-27
Kinderleben In Der Deutschen Vergangenheit Mit Abbild U Beilagen Nach Den Originalen Aus Dem 15 18 Jahrn written by Hans Boesch and has been published by Legare Street Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-10-27 with Family & Relationships categories.
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
The Disaster
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Author : Paul Margueritte
language : ru
Publisher: London : Chatto & Windus ; [Toronto : Briggs]
Release Date : 1898
The Disaster written by Paul Margueritte and has been published by London : Chatto & Windus ; [Toronto : Briggs] this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1898 with Franco-Prussian War, 1870-1871 categories.
Encyclopedia Of Educational Research
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Author : Robert L. Ebel
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1969
Encyclopedia Of Educational Research written by Robert L. Ebel and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1969 with Education categories.
Die Schule Der Chemie Oder Erster Unterricht In Der Chemie
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Author : Julius Adolph Stockhardt
language : en
Publisher: Arkose Press
Release Date : 2015-10-22
Die Schule Der Chemie Oder Erster Unterricht In Der Chemie written by Julius Adolph Stockhardt and has been published by Arkose Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-10-22 with categories.
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
The Story Of A Short Life
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Author : Juliana Horatia Ewing
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1893
The Story Of A Short Life written by Juliana Horatia Ewing and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1893 with Blind children categories.
Little Leonard is thrilled when a military training camp is erected near his home and enjoys meeting soliers and involving himself in its activities until his early death.