History Of The Aztec S Calendar
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Time History And Belief In Aztec And Colonial Mexico
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Author : Ross Hassig
language : en
Publisher: Univ of TX + ORM
Release Date : 2013-12-18
Time History And Belief In Aztec And Colonial Mexico written by Ross Hassig and has been published by Univ of TX + ORM this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-12-18 with Social Science categories.
This illuminating study offers a radical new understanding of how the Aztecs and other Mesoamerican societies conceived of time and history. Based on their enormously complex calendars that recorded cycles of many kinds, the Aztecs and other ancient Mesoamerican civilizations are generally believed to have had a cyclical, rather than linear, conception of time and history. This boldly revisionist book challenges that understanding. Ross Hassig offers convincing evidence that for the Aztecs time was predominantly linear, that it was manipulated by the state as a means of controlling a dispersed tribute empire, and that the Conquest cut off state control and severed the unity of the calendar, leaving only the lesser cycles. From these, he asserts, we have inadequately reconstructed the pre-Columbian calendar and so misunderstood the Aztec conception of time and history. Hassig first presents the traditional explanation of the Aztec calendrical system and its ideological functions and then marshals contrary evidence to argue that the Aztec elite deliberately used calendars and timekeeping to achieve practical political ends. He further traces how the Conquest played out in the temporal realm as Spanish conceptions of time partially displaced the Aztec ones.
The Aztec Calendar Handbook
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Author : Randall C. Jiménez
language : en
Publisher: Aztec Calendar Handbook
Release Date : 2001
The Aztec Calendar Handbook written by Randall C. Jiménez and has been published by Aztec Calendar Handbook this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with History categories.
A manual for the Aztec calendar that explores the myths, legends, and history behind the ancient calendar, and includes technical drawings, a glossary, timeline, and an extensive bibliography.
Aztec Calendar
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
Aztec Calendar written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Aztec calendar categories.
Daily Life Of The Aztecs
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Author : David Carrasco
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Daily Life Of The Aztecs written by David Carrasco and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Aztecs categories.
Describes and explains various aspects of life in complex historical eras - cultural, social, religious, political - with details on such activities as cooking, games, dress, and parenting.
Hueytozoztli
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Author : Juan De Tovar
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1626
Hueytozoztli written by Juan De Tovar and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1626 with categories.
The Tovar Codex, attributed to the 16th-century Mexican Jesuit Juan de Tovar, contains detailed information about the rites and ceremonies of the Aztecs (also known as Mexica). The codex is illustrated with 51 full-page paintings in watercolor. Strongly influenced by pre-contact pictographic manuscripts, the paintings are of exceptional artistic quality. The manuscript is divided into three sections. The first section is a history of the travels of the Aztecs prior to the arrival of the Spanish. The second section is an illustrated history of the Aztecs. The third section contains the Tovar calendar, which records a continuous Aztec calendar with months, weeks, days, dominical letters, and church festivals of a Christian 365-day year.??In this illustration, from the third section, a bird with grey and red feathers is shown stabbed with a bone tool. This month, identified as having the saint?s day of Mark the Evangelist, and known as Hueytozoztli (The Great Vigil), commemorated the festival of bird sacrifices which took place during the month. The patron gods of this month, equating to April?May, were Centeotl (a female corn goddess) and Chicomecoatl (Seven Serpents, the goddess of maize and fertility). The month included the blessing of new corn. The title of the illustration is corrected in another hand.
Tlacaxipehualiztli
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Author : Juan De Tovar
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1626
Tlacaxipehualiztli written by Juan De Tovar and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1626 with categories.
The Tovar Codex, attributed to the 16th-century Mexican Jesuit Juan de Tovar, contains detailed information about the rites and ceremonies of the Aztecs (also known as Mexica). The codex is illustrated with 51 full-page paintings in watercolor. Strongly influenced by pre-contact pictographic manuscripts, the paintings are of exceptional artistic quality. The manuscript is divided into three sections. The first section is a history of the travels of the Aztecs prior to the arrival of the Spanish. The second section is an illustrated history of the Aztecs. The third section contains the Tovar calendar, which records a continuous Aztec calendar with months, weeks, days, dominical letters, and church festivals of a Christian 365-day year.??This illustration, from the third section, depicts the god, Xipe T?tec, or his impersonator, who is shown wearing a tunic made of flayed human skin and with a protruding tongue. He wears a headdress with green feathers and sandals. In his left hand, he holds a rattle staff. In the right hand are two linked ears of maize or corn. Tied to the headband is a deer hoof. Hanging from his right earlobe is a bifurcated golden pendant. At his feet is a leaping goat or ram. This month, identified as March with the astrological symbol of a ram or Aries, commemorated the festival of Tlacaxipehualiztli (The Flaying of Men). The month is represented by an image of Xipe T?tec, "our flayed lord." The rattle staff is one of the insignia of this god, as are the two linked ears of maize. The deer hoof is associated with the hunting rites of the god. The golden pendant, called Teocuitlanacochtli, is also closely associated with the god.
Tecuilhuitontli
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Author : Juan De Tovar
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1626
Tecuilhuitontli written by Juan De Tovar and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1626 with categories.
The Tovar Codex, attributed to the 16th-century Mexican Jesuit Juan de Tovar, contains detailed information about the rites and ceremonies of the Aztecs (also known as Mexica). The codex is illustrated with 51 full-page paintings in watercolor. Strongly influenced by pre-contact pictographic manuscripts, the paintings are of exceptional artistic quality. The manuscript is divided into three sections. The first section is a history of the travels of the Aztecs prior to the arrival of the Spanish. The second section is an illustrated history of the Aztecs. The third section contains the Tovar calendar, which records a continuous Aztec calendar with months, weeks, days, dominical letters, and church festivals of a Christian 365-day year.??This illustration, from the third section, shows a goddess, probably Huixtocihuatl (or a priestess impersonating her), wearing a cloak, a plume of quetzal feathers, and a headdress. The text describes this month as the time when the lower classes and workers served the lesser lords and chiefs. This month, identified as including the saint?s day of John the Baptist, is called Tecuilhuitontli (Small Feast of the Lords). The patron gods of this month, which equated to June?July, were Huixtocihuatl or Uixtocihuatl (a fertility goddess who presided over salt and salt water and whose younger brother was Tlaloc) and Xochipilli (the flower prince and god of maize, love, beauty, song, and dance).
Atemoztli
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Author : Juan De Tovar
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1626
Atemoztli written by Juan De Tovar and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1626 with categories.
The Tovar Codex, attributed to the 16th-century Mexican Jesuit Juan de Tovar, contains detailed information about the rites and ceremonies of the Aztecs (also known as Mexica). The codex is illustrated with 51 full-page paintings in watercolor. Strongly influenced by pre-contact pictographic manuscripts, the paintings are of exceptional artistic quality. The manuscript is divided into three sections. The first section is a history of the travels of the Aztecs prior to the arrival of the Spanish. The second section is an illustrated history of the Aztecs. The third section contains the Tovar calendar, which records a continuous Aztec calendar with months, weeks, days, dominical letters, and church festivals of a Christian 365-day year. This illustration, from the third section, shows a profile of a head wearing a headdress with green feathers holding a blue snake staff and a water vessel from which water pours. Above this head is another of a woman with a roundel above her forehead. Above this head is a hand of leaves of grass set over a square shape. The text describes the celebration of Tlaloc, the god of rain, and describes him as being shown with the face of his mother and a bundle of green leaves over an altar step, to indicate that by his hand he gives greenness to the land through his rains. This month, identified as that of Thomas the Apostle, is called Atemoztli (Water Descends). The month was dedicated to Tlaloc. The couatopilli (snake staff) is a common attribute of Tlaloc. The headdress is the same as that in the month of Tepeilhuitl. Chalchiuhtlicue (Jade skirt), described variously as the mother, wife, or sister of Tlaloc and goddess of lakes and streams, is indicated by the chalchiuitl (green jade) above her head.
The Fifteenth Month
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Author : John F. Schwaller
language : en
Publisher: University of Oklahoma Press
Release Date : 2019-05-02
The Fifteenth Month written by John F. Schwaller and has been published by University of Oklahoma Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-05-02 with History categories.
The Mexica (Aztecs) used a solar calendar made up of eighteen months, with each month dedicated to a specific god in their pantheon and celebrated with a different set of rituals. Panquetzaliztli, the fifteenth month, dedicated to the national god Huitzilopochtli (Hummingbird on the Left), was significant for its proximity to the winter solstice, and for the fact that it marked the beginning of the season of warfare. In The Fifteenth Month, John F. Schwaller offers a detailed look at how the celebrations of Panquetzaliztli changed over time and what these changes reveal about the history of the Aztecs. Drawing on a variety of sources, Schwaller deduces that prior to the rise of the Mexica in 1427, an earlier version of the month was dedicated to the god Tezcatlipoca (Smoking Mirror), a war and trickster god. The Mexica shifted the dedication to their god, developed a series of ceremonies—including long-distance running and human sacrifice—that would associate him with the sun, and changed the emphasis of the celebration from warfare alone to a combination of trade and warfare, since merchants played a significant role in Mexica statecraft. Further investigation shows how the resulting festival commemorated several important moments in Mexica history, how it came to include ceremonies associated with the winter solstice, and how it reflected a calendar reform implemented shortly before the arrival of the Spanish. Focused on one of the most important months in the Mexica year, Schwaller’s work marks a new methodology in which traditional sources for Mexica culture, rather than being interrogated for their specific content, are read for their insights into the historical development of the people. Just as Christmas re-creates the historic act of the birth of Jesus for Christians, so, The Fifteenth Month suggests, Panquetzaliztli was a symbolic re-creation of events from Mexica myths and history.
Quecholli
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Author : Juan De Tovar
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1626
Quecholli written by Juan De Tovar and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1626 with categories.
The Tovar Codex, attributed to the 16th-century Mexican Jesuit Juan de Tovar, contains detailed information about the rites and ceremonies of the Aztecs (also known as Mexica). The codex is illustrated with 51 full-page paintings in watercolor. Strongly influenced by pre-contact pictographic manuscripts, the paintings are of exceptional artistic quality. The manuscript is divided into three sections. The first section is a history of the travels of the Aztecs prior to the arrival of the Spanish. The second section is an illustrated history of the Aztecs. The third section contains the Tovar calendar, which records a continuous Aztec calendar with months, weeks, days, dominical letters, and church festivals of a Christian 365-day year.??This illustration, from the third section, shows a man, holding a double bag and a spear, wearing a headdress with white feathers and a bone through his nose. The text describes this month as meaning either a bird of rich plumage or a war lance and explains that it was a time for going to war. Identified as November, the month is called Quecholli (Precious Feather, or Plume, and in some sources War Lance). It was dedicated to Mixcoatl-Camaxtli, the Chichimec hunting god. The headdress represents hunting; the bone nose ornament is an attribute of Mixcoatl.