Immune Response To Tumors
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Mechanisms Of Tumor Escape From The Immune Response
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Author : A Ochoa
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2002-12-12
Mechanisms Of Tumor Escape From The Immune Response written by A Ochoa and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-12-12 with Medical categories.
The progressive growth of a malignant tumor is accompanied by a decline in the immune response, through mechanisms that have, until recently, been poorly understood. The new era of biological therapies, including cytokines, adoptive transfer of TIL cells, gene therapy and others, brought forth the need to understand the impact of the tumor on the immune system. Moreover, the inability to achieve in humans the unequivocal success of immunotherapy in murine models suggests the possibility that cancer can impair the development of a therapeutic immune response. Scientific and technological advances in cellular and molecular biology during the last two decades have provided new tools with which to explore the dysfunctional immune system of patients with cancer. Novel immunology concepts have provided new insights into changes occurring in tumor cells and the immune system, providing a more cohesive understanding of the process, including: *diminished or absent expression of HLA antigens and co-stimulatory molecules *arrested maturation of dentritic cells *alterations in expression of some signal transduction proteins *increased apoptosis in T and NK cells *presence of suppressor CD+4 and CD25+ T cells Mechanisms of Tumor Escape from the Immune Response provides an introduction to this rapidly developing and, as yet, unsettled area of cancer research, and will be a valuable reference for clinicians and researchers working in the field of cancer immunotherapy.
Analyzing T Cell Responses
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Author : Dirk Nagorsen
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2006-01-16
Analyzing T Cell Responses written by Dirk Nagorsen and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-01-16 with Medical categories.
Active specific immunotherapy is a promising but investigational modality in the management of cancer patients. Currently, several different cancer vaccine formulations such as peptides, proteins, antigen-pulsed dendritic cells, whole tumor cells, etc. in combination with various adjuvants and carriers are being evaluated in clinical trials (1-3). To determine the optimal cancer vaccine strategy, a surrogate immunological end-point that correlates with clinical outcome needs to be defined, since it would facilitate the rapid comparison of these various formulations. Traditional immunological assays such as ELISA, proliferation and cytotoxicity assays can detect immune responses in vaccinated patients but are not quantitative. In contrast, novel assays such as enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay, intracellular cytokine assay and tetramer assay can quantitate the frequency of antigen-specific T cells. Of these, the ELISPOT assay has the 5 lowest detection limit with 1/10 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and has been determined to be one of the most useful assays to evaluate immune response to cancer vaccines (4). However, the IFN-? ELISPOT assay is not an exclusive measure of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) activity as non-cytotoxic cells can also secrete IFN-?. Additionally, CTL with lytic activity do not always secrete IFN-? (5). A more relevant approach to assess functional activity of cytotoxic lymphocytes would be to measure the secretion of molecules that are associated with lytic activity. One of the major mechanisms of cell-mediated cytotoxicity involves exocytosis of cytoplasmic granules from the effector toward the target cell.
Cancer Immunotherapy At The Crossroads
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Author : James H. Finke
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2003-11-24
Cancer Immunotherapy At The Crossroads written by James H. Finke and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-11-24 with Medical categories.
Leading investigators and clinicians detail the different mechanisms used by tumors to escape and impair the immune system and then spell out possible clinical strategies to prevent or reverse tumor-induced immune dysfunction. The authors review the mechanisms of immune dysfunction and evasion mechanisms in histologically diverse human tumors, focusing on tumor-induced molecular defects in T cells and antigen-presenting cells (dendritic cells and tumors), that may serve as biomarkers for patient prognosis. They discuss the means by which these immune functions may be protected or restored in order to more effectively support the process of tumor rejection in situ. Cutting-edge techniques are outlined with the capacity to monitor the strength and quality of patients' immune responses using immunocytometry, MHC-peptide tetramers combined with apoptosis assay, ELISPOT assay, and detection of MHC-TAA peptide complexes on tumor cells.
Advances In Tumor Immunology And Immunotherapy
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Author : Joseph D. Rosenblatt
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-10-25
Advances In Tumor Immunology And Immunotherapy written by Joseph D. Rosenblatt and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-10-25 with Medical categories.
Recent advances in understanding of fundamental immunology have created new insights into the dynamic interactions between tumors and the immune system. This includes new understanding of T- and B-cell interaction, immune inhibitory mechanisms including the biology of T regulatory cells, myeloid suppressor cells, and dendritic cell subsets. Enhanced understanding of mechanisms underlying T-cell anergy such as arginine deprivation, immunosuppressive cytokines, defective innate and interferon response pathways, and NKG2D downregulation have all provided new insight into suppression of anti-tumor immunity and tumor evasion. In addition to emerging understanding of tumor evasion, new immune targets such as CTLA4 blockade, NK stimulatory receptors, manipulation of the antigen processing and presentation, cytokine and costimulatory responses all provide new possibilities for enhancing anti-tumor immunity even in tumors previously felt to be resistant to immune attack. Several of these strategies have already been realized in the clinic. The volume will explore evolving paradigms in antigen presentation, dendritic cell biology, the innate response and immunosuppressive mechanisms, and emerging strategies for manipulation of the immune system for therapeutic benefit that have realized success in neuroblastoma, leukemia, melanoma, lung cancer, and allogeneic transplantation. Early successes as well as failures will be highlighted to provide a snapshot of the state of clinical immunotherapy with an eye to future possibilities such as combination therapies, adoptive T-cell transfer, and the retargeting of immune cells via T-cell receptor engineering.
Tumor Immunology
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Author : A. G. Dalgleish
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 1996-06-13
Tumor Immunology written by A. G. Dalgleish and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996-06-13 with Medical categories.
This 1996 volume reviewed advances in the field of human tumour immunology for an audience of clinicians and researchers.
Tumor Immunology And Immunotherapy
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Author : Robert C. Rees
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Release Date : 2014
Tumor Immunology And Immunotherapy written by Robert C. Rees and has been published by Oxford University Press, USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with Medical categories.
Tumor immunology and immunotherapy provides a comprehensive account of cancer immunity and immunotherapy. Examining recent results, current areas of interest and the specific issues that are affecting the research and development of vaccines, this book provides insight into how these problems may be overcome as viewed by leaders in the field.
Tumor Induced Immune Suppression
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Author : Dmitry I. Gabrilovich
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2014-02-10
Tumor Induced Immune Suppression written by Dmitry I. Gabrilovich and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-02-10 with Medical categories.
Tumor-Induced Immune Suppression - Prospects and Progress in Mechanisms and Therapeutic Reversal presents a comprehensive overview of large number of different mechanisms of immune dysfunction in cancer and therapeutic approaches to their correction. This includes the number of novel mechanisms that has never before been discussed in previous monographs. The last decades were characterized by substantial progress in the understanding of the role of the immune system in tumor progression. Researchers have learned how to manipulate the immune system to generate tumor specific immune response, which raises high expectations for immunotherapy to provide breakthroughs in cancer treatment. It is increasingly clear that tumor-induced abnormalities in the immune system not only hampers natural tumor immune surveillance, but also limits the effect of cancer immunotherapy. Therefore, it is critically important to understand the mechanisms of tumor-induced immune suppression to make any progress in the field and this monograph provides these important insights.
Interaction Of Immune And Cancer Cells
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Author : Magdalena Klink
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-02-14
Interaction Of Immune And Cancer Cells written by Magdalena Klink and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-02-14 with Medical categories.
Now, it its second edition, this book summarizes the role of immune cells in tumor suppression and progression. It describes in detail why tumor cells can survive and spread in spite of the antitumor response of immune cells. Since immunotherapy is an attractive approach to cancer therapy, this book also provides information on the two main strategies: monoclonal antibodies and adaptive T cell immunotherapy, with a focus on recent human clinical trials. A newly added chapter also focuses on the role of Natural Killer cells in tumor progression. The book provides a state-of-the-art, comprehensive overview of immune cells in cancer and is an indispensable resource for researchers and practitioners working or lecturing in the field of cancer research and immunology.
Immunity To Cancer
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Author : Arnold Reif
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2012-12-02
Immunity To Cancer written by Arnold Reif and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-02 with Medical categories.
Immunity to Cancer documents the proceedings of a conference on ""Immunity to Cancer"" held at Williamsburg, Virginia, September 10-12, 1984. This was the first open conference since the New York Academy of Sciences meeting in 1975 that attempted to address the entire range of topics encompassed by tumor immunology and immunotherapy. The papers presented in this volume were invited from experts in diverse areas of tumor immunology and closely related subjects. There was an attempt to proceed logically from a consideration of the antigenicity of tumors and the use of monoclonal antibodies to examine specific antigens, to a review of regulatory and effector mechanisms. Immunological approaches to therapy were then considered systematically, both for classical modes of immunotherapy and for the newly expanded categories of biological response modifiers or biomodulators. Also included were papers on vaccination against cancer and on the analogy between the strategies for chemotherapy and immunotherapy.
In Situ Expression Of Tumor Immunity
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Author : Isaac Witz
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-11-11
In Situ Expression Of Tumor Immunity written by Isaac Witz and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-11 with Medical categories.
Because of several valid (and some invalid) reasons, the research field of tumor immunology has been declining in popularity. The Simplistic dogmas, articles of faith, and theories of the late 1960s and early 1970s on the immuno logical mechanisms of the host-tumor interrelationships have frequently been refuted by some of the new developments in cancer biology, cancer biochem istry, and immunology. Furthermore, some of the conventional assays used to monitor "tumor-host immune relations" did not always reflect the host's true clinical situation or his prognosis. Several approaches to immunological interven tion were less successful than expected. In addition, the concept of "immune surveillance," which was basic to many researchers in the field of cancer im munology, seemed to fall apart. Much of the criticism was based on results from solid, well-performed, and well-controlled experiments, but there was also un just criticism based on ill-conceived and badly performed studies, and on misin terpretations of experimental data. There are many misconceptions about the tumor-host relationship. It is very often assumed that tumor immunity, as expressed systemically, is truly reflected at the tumor site. Several studies reported in this volume and elsewhere indicate that such is not always the case. Certain immune effectors may be selectively prevented from reaching the tumor site or the close vicinity of the tumor cells because of mechanical or chemical barriers, whereas others may be selectively attracted to the site by chemotaxis or other mechanisms.