Influence Of Soil Climate Up

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Climate Change And Soil Interactions

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Author : Majeti Narasimha Var Prasad
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2020-03-06

Climate Change And Soil Interactions written by Majeti Narasimha Var Prasad and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-03-06 with Science categories.

Climate Change and Soil Interactions examines soil system interactions and conservation strategies regarding the effects of climate change. It presents cutting-edge research in soil carbonization, soil biodiversity, and vegetation. As a resource for strategies in maintaining various interactions for eco-sustainability, topical chapters address microbial response and soil health in relation to climate change, as well as soil improvement practices. Understanding soil systems, including their various physical, chemical, and biological interactions, is imperative for regaining the vitality of soil system under changing climatic conditions. This book will address the impact of changing climatic conditions on various beneficial interactions operational in soil systems and recommend suitable strategies for maintaining such interactions. Climate Change and Soil Interactions enables agricultural, ecological, and environmental researchers to obtain up-to-date, state-of-the-art, and authoritative information regarding the impact of changing climatic conditions on various soil interactions and presents information vital to understanding the growing fields of biodiversity, sustainability, and climate change. Addresses several sustainable development goals proposed by the UN as part of the 2030 agenda for sustainable development Presents a wide variety of relevant information in a unique style corroborated with factual cases, colour images, and case studies from across the globe Recommends suitable strategies for maintaining soil system interactions under changing climatic conditions

Soil Management And Climate Change

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Author : Maria Angeles Munoz
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2017-10-27

Soil Management And Climate Change written by Maria Angeles Munoz and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-10-27 with Science categories.

Soil Management and Climate Change: Effects on Organic Carbon, Nitrogen Dynamics, and Greenhouse Gas Emissions provides a state of the art overview of recent findings and future research challenges regarding physical, chemical and biological processes controlling soil carbon, nitrogen dynamic and greenhouse gas emissions from soils. This book is for students and academics in soil science and environmental science, land managers, public administrators and legislators, and will increase understanding of organic matter preservation in soil and mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions. Given the central role soil plays on the global carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycles and its impact on greenhouse gas emissions, there is an urgent need to increase our common understanding about sources, mechanisms and processes that regulate organic matter mineralization and stabilization, and to identify those management practices and processes which mitigate greenhouse gas emissions, helping increase organic matter stabilization with suitable supplies of available N. Provides the latest findings about soil organic matter stabilization and greenhouse gas emissions Covers the effect of practices and management on soil organic matter stabilization Includes information for readers to select the most suitable management practices to increase soil organic matter stabilization

Soils On A Warmer Earth Effects Of Expected Climate Change On Soil Processes With Emphasis On The Tropics And Sub Tropics

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Author : H. W. Scharpenseel
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1990

Soils On A Warmer Earth Effects Of Expected Climate Change On Soil Processes With Emphasis On The Tropics And Sub Tropics written by H. W. Scharpenseel and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990 with categories.

Combined Effects Of Land Use Change And Climate Change On Soil Loss And Water Bablance Variables

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Author : Yashar Makhtoumi
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2022

Combined Effects Of Land Use Change And Climate Change On Soil Loss And Water Bablance Variables written by Yashar Makhtoumi and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022 with Agriculture categories.

Changes in water balance variables such as runoff and evapotranspiration (ET) are essential in planning and management of land and water resources. Two major factors affecting these variables are climate and land use change. There is a need to investigate the combined effects of land use and climate change at local scales. Towards that end, the hydrological processes were modeled using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to investigate the impacts of climate and land use change in Southeast US (Makhtoumi, Li, Ibeanusi, and Chen, 2020). We integrated land use based on the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) with future climate data (CMIP5) to study the combined effects on hydrological response of Upper Choctawhatchee Watershed (UCW.) Future rainfall and air temperature, for two time periods (2040-2069 and 2070-2099), were obtained using Global Climate Models to provide SWAT with the climatic forcing in order to project water balance variables. The simulation was carried out under two radiative forcing pathways of Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP4.5 and RCP6.0.) Our results indicate that increased imperviousness resulted from urbanization has more impact on runoff than that of projected changes in climate. Impacts on water balance variables (runoff, ET, discharge) differed seasonally. Results showed peak surface runoff experienced changes under both emission scenarios in June up to five times increase. Among the water balance variables, ET as the least dominant pathways for water loss, showed the modest changes with the largest decrease during fall and summer. Projections indicated more frequent extreme behavior regarding precipitation, peak surface runoff, water yield (WY) and ET, during midcentury. Discharge was estimated to increase through the year and the highest changes were expected during summer and fall with 186.3% increase in November under RCP6.0. Relying on rainfall for farming along with reduced agricultural land use (11.8%) and increased urban area (47%) and population growth, would likely make the water use efficiency critical. In our second study, we focused on the combined impact of land use and climate change on soil erosion at local scales. Topsoil loss is a widespread environmental concern causing adverse impacts on natural and human systems. Severe weather accompanied with human activities can exacerbate this issue degrading soil health and consequently accelerating global and regional food insecurity and injustice. Erosion impairs soil physical and chemical properties such as infiltration rate, water holding capacity, loss of nutrients including soil carbon and nitrogen. Although, temporal properties of a rainfall event have meaningful implications for soil erosion, spatial heterogeneity of a rainfall contributes substantially and cannot be overlooked. Therefore, in the third chapter we investigated soil loss using SWAT in Northern Mississippi. First, we built a hydrological model and calibrated it for both flow and sediment discharge. Then we developed land use and climate scenarios. The land use scenarios include farming (soybean and corn) and grazing practices. The climate scenarios comprise of four different precipitation time series, S0 which no concentration is forced, while S1, S2, and S3 have 3%, 6%, and 9% concentration in top four rainy days, respectively. We coupled the land use and climate scenarios and evaluated a small watershed (Hickahala Creek Watershed) in response. We classified the subbasins into different classes of soil loss severity and then determined the hotspots for soil loss at subbasin scale. Our result suggests that the resolution of rainfall data is crucial in studying the soil loss. We found that pasture management by itself can manifold soil loss, and if accompanied with extreme rainfalls, soil loss accelerates impacting different subbasins each time. We found that spatial heterogeneity of extreme rainfalls (ERs) can be more substantial than land use in individual extreme rainfalls; however, over a year, soil moisture and type of the management practices (grazing and farming) could contribute more to soil loss. Soil loss can go as high as 350 (ton/ha/yr) under the ERs. Adding only the management practices can increase erosion 3600%. Under S1 parts of watershed yield more than 150 ton/ha/yr (extremely severe). Under S2 and S3 more soil loss hotspots emerge yielding approximately 200 ton/ha/yr. We found that in the hotspots, up to 10% increase in CI can increase annual soil loss up to 75%. Single ER can generate up to 35% of annual soil loss. Under one ER event hotspot subbasins can lose up to 160 ton/ha/day (subbasin 15). The results reveal that adding grazing and farming (S0) under one ER event can increase soil loss by 95%. 32% and 80% increase in rainfall amount in one ER event can increase soil loss by 94% and 285% respectively. Our results suggested the importance of site-specific managements to mitigate soil loss and all the consequences. It is essential to consider the varying sensitivity of subbasins for the sustainability of agricultural landscapes.

A First Report On The Relations Between Climates And Crops

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Author : Cleveland Abbe
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1905

A First Report On The Relations Between Climates And Crops written by Cleveland Abbe and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1905 with Crops and climate categories.

Summary of expert opinion published up to 1891, on seed germination; soil temperature and moisture; solar energy; atmospheric conditions; and influences of climate; with data for selected U.S. and foreign locations.

Climatic Controls On Deep Soil Carbon And Nitrogen Dynamics

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Author : Kimber Candice Moreland
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020

Climatic Controls On Deep Soil Carbon And Nitrogen Dynamics written by Kimber Candice Moreland and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.

The soil system stores more carbon than the atmosphere and biosphere combined. However, until recently, most studies on soil organic matter dynamics had focused on near surface soil organic carbon (C) dynamics with relatively little attention devoted to determining how much C and nitrogen (N) is stored in deep soil layers, and how climate influences deep soil organic C and N dynamics. Hence, our understanding of how climate influences the mechanisms that regulate the magnitude and direction of changes in deep soil organic matter remain incomplete. In my dissertation research, I studied soils that developed under four different climatic regimes along an elevation gradient on the western slopes of the Sierra Nevada in California (site of the Southern Sierra Critical Zone Observatory). Using soil samples that were collected from the surface down to bedrock contact (that extended to more than 10 m below the surface), I determined how climate regulates deep soil organic carbon and nitrogen stocks, chemical composition of organic matter, mean residence times of soil carbon and nitrogen at depth; and conducted statistical analyses to determine how variability of climate along the SSCZO bio-climosequence is related to a range of climatic variables. In the first chapter, I found that up to 78% of soil C is stored below a 0.3-m depth, with up to 29% of total C stored in saprock below 1.5 m. A conservative global scaling of these results illustrates that deep regolith stores over 200 Pg of organic carbon quantifying a previously unrealized organic carbon pool in the Earth system. In the second chapter, I dug deeper into C stabilization mechanisms and how climate impacts distribution of C in free and mineral protected pools of soil C.I discovered that the radiocarbon concentration of C in the topsoil and subsoil free particulate and subsoil mineral associated fractions had a statistically significant relationship with climate. However, the aggregate protected pool of C was not influenced by climate, suggesting that the free particulate and subsoil mineral associated fractions of subsoil C are vulnerable to changes in climate. The third chapter focused on dynamics of soil N in topsoil compared to subsoils and shows that climate imposes important controls on N in topsoil and subsoil free particulate and occluded fractions. The mineral associated N was not found to be sensitive to changes in climate. Overall, my dissertation research demonstrated both indirect and direct mechanisms through which climate can impact soil C and N dynamics from the topsoil to bedrock contact. I presented substantial evidence to refute the long-held assumption that subsoil organic matter does not respond to changes in atmospheric climate.

Soil Management And Greenhouse Effect

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Author : John M. Kimble
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2018-02-06

Soil Management And Greenhouse Effect written by John M. Kimble and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-02-06 with Technology & Engineering categories.

Soil Management and Greenhouse Effect focuses on proper management of soils and its effects on global change, specifically, the greenhouse effect. It contains up-to-date information on a broad range of important soil management topics, emphasizing the critical role of soil for carbon storage. Sequestration and emission of carbon and other gases are examined in various ecosystems, in both natural and managed environments, to provide a comprehensive overview. This useful reference includes chapters that address policy issues, as well as research and development priorities. The material in this volume is valuable not only to soil scientists but to the entire environmental science community.

Climate Change Effects On Soils

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Author : Claudia Holmes
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015

Climate Change Effects On Soils written by Claudia Holmes and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with Climatic changes categories.

Climate change has and will significantly affect soil properties. Biotic processes that consume atmospheric CO2 and create organic carbon (C) that is either reprocessed to CO2 or stored in soils, are the subject of active current investigations with great concern over the influence of climate change. In addition, abiotic C cycling and its influence on the inorganic C pool in soils is a fundamental global process in which acidic atmospheric CO2 participates in the weathering of carbonate and silicate minerals, ultimately delivering bicarbonate and Ca2+ or other cations that precipitate in the form of carbonates in soils or are transported to the rivers, lakes, and oceans. Soil responses to climate change will be complex, and there are many uncertainties and unresolved issues. The objective of this book is to initiate and further stimulate a discussion about some important and challenging aspects of climate-change effects on soils, such as accelerated weathering of soil minerals and resulting C and elemental fluxes in and out of soils, soil/geo-engineering methods used to increase C sequestration in soils, soil organic matter (SOM) protection, transformation and mineralization, and SOM temperature sensitivity. This book reports recent discoveries and identifies key research needs required to understand the effects of climate change on soils.

Soils And Environmental Quality

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Author : Gary M. Pierzynski
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2005-05-02

Soils And Environmental Quality written by Gary M. Pierzynski and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-05-02 with Technology & Engineering categories.

Aperpetual bestseller, this third edition remains the obvious choice for those instructors who strive to make their teaching applicable to contemporary issues. The three authors, all teaching professors distinguished in soil science, have updated this student favorite to include a greater number of even more relevant topics. Responding to requests, they have also placed an increased emphasis on management issues. As with previous editions, the third edition offers students in soil or environmental science an overview of soil science, hydrology, atmospheric chemistry, and pollutant classification. The text moves from the theoretical to the practical with an abundance of contemporary examples, such as an exploration of allowable pesticide concentrations in drinking water and an inquiry into soil contamination from the trace elements in organic by-products. Also considered are the use of soil carbon sequestration as a remedy for global climate change, and the effects of acid precipitation on forestation. NEW TO THE THIRD EDITION: · New chapters on nutrient management planning, and the environmental testing of soil, plants, water, and air · Additional and revised case studies that continue to relate academic content to real-life situations, while inspiring students with real –life challenges to solve · Eight-page color inset · Direct encouragement and links to fully access the Internet as a resource for the most up-to-date findings Always Relevant, Always Interesting The text also covers environmentally-related current events, fostering discussion of the political, economic, and regulatory aspects of environmental issues, the human side of environmental problems, the use and misuse of the scientific method, and potential bias in the presentation of facts. Students in soil science, environmental science, chemistry, biology, geology, and other disciplines will gain valuable insight from this multifaceted text.

The Climate Smart Agriculture Papers

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Author : Todd S. Rosenstock
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-11-28

The Climate Smart Agriculture Papers written by Todd S. Rosenstock and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-11-28 with Nature categories.

This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This volume shares new data relating to Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA), with emphasis on experiences in Eastern and Southern Africa. The book is a collection of research by authors from over 30 institutions, spanning the public and private sectors, with specific knowledge on agricultural development in the region discussed. The material is assembled to answer key questions on the following five topic areas: (1) Climate impacts: What are the most significant current and near future climate risks undermining smallholder livelihoods? (2) Varieties: How can climate-smart varieties be delivered quickly and cost-effectively to smallholders? (3) Farm management: What are key lessons on the contributions from soil and water management to climate risk reduction and how should interventions be prioritized? (4) Value chains: How can climate risks to supply and value chains be reduced? and (5) Scaling up: How can most promising climate risks reduction strategies be quickly scaled up and what are critical success factors? Readers who will be interested in this book include students, policy makers, and researchers studying climate change impacts on agriculture and agricultural sustainability.