Phrenotypics
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Phenotypic Plasticity
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Author : Thomas J. DeWitt
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Release Date : 2004
Phenotypic Plasticity written by Thomas J. DeWitt and has been published by Oxford University Press, USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Science categories.
Genetic, evolution, adaptation, environment, genotype.
The Extended Phenotype
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Author : Richard Dawkins
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2016
The Extended Phenotype written by Richard Dawkins and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with Nature categories.
In The Selfish Gene, Richard Dawkins crystallized the gene's eye view of evolution developed by W.D. Hamilton and others. The book provoked widespread and heated debate. Written in part as a response, The Extended Phenotype gave a deeper clarification of the central concept of the gene as the unit of selection; but it did much more besides. In it, Dawkins extended the gene's eye view to argue that the genes that sit within an organism have an influence that reaches out beyond the visible traits in that body - the phenotype - to the wider environment, which can include other individuals. So, for instance, the genes of the beaver drive it to gather twigs to produce the substantial physical structure of a dam; and the genes of the cuckoo chick produce effects that manipulate the behaviour of the host bird, making it nurture the intruder as one of its own. This notion of the extended phenotype has proved to be highly influential in the way we understand evolution and the natural world. It represents a key scientific contribution to evolutionary biology, and it continues to play an important role in research in the life sciences. The Extended Phenotype is a conceptually deep book that forms important reading for biologists and students. But Dawkins' clear exposition is accessible to all who are prepared to put in a little effort. Oxford Landmark Science books are 'must-read' classics of modern science writing which have crystallized big ideas, and shaped the way we think.
Phenotypic Plasticity
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Author : Massimo Pigliucci
language : en
Publisher: JHU Press
Release Date : 2001-08-17
Phenotypic Plasticity written by Massimo Pigliucci and has been published by JHU Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-08-17 with Medical categories.
"The author begins by defining phenotypic plasticity and detailing its history, including important experiments and methods of statistical and graphical analysis. He then provides extended examples and discussion of the molecular basis of plasticity, the plasticity of development, the ecology of plastic responses, and the role of costs and constraints in the evolution of plasticity. A brief epilogue looks at how plasticity studies shed light on the nature/nurture debate in the popular media.".
Gene Expression And Phenotypic Traits
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Author : Yuan-Chuan Chen
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2020-04-01
Gene Expression And Phenotypic Traits written by Yuan-Chuan Chen and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-04-01 with Science categories.
Gene expression is the most fundamental level at which genotype gives rise to phenotype, which is an obvious, observable, and measurable trait. Phenotype is dependent on genetic makeup of the organism and influenced by environmental conditions. This book explores the significance, mechanism, function, characteristic, determination, and application of gene expression and phenotypic traits.
Phenotypic Drug Discovery
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Author : Beverley Isherwood
language : en
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
Release Date : 2020-12-09
Phenotypic Drug Discovery written by Beverley Isherwood and has been published by Royal Society of Chemistry this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-12-09 with Medical categories.
Phenotypic drug discovery has been highlighted in the past decade as an important strategy in the discovery of new medical entities. How many marketed drugs are derived from phenotypic screens? From the most recent examples, what were the factors enabling target identification and validation? This book answers these questions by elaborating on fundamental capabilities required for phenotypic drug discovery and using case studies to illustrate approaches and key success factors. Written and edited by experienced practitioners from both industry and academia, this publication will equip researchers with a thought-provoking guide to the application and future development of contemporary phenotypic drug discovery for clinical success.
Phenotypic Plasticity Evolution
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Author : David W. Pfennig
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2021-05-31
Phenotypic Plasticity Evolution written by David W. Pfennig and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-05-31 with Science categories.
Phenotypic plasticity – the ability of an individual organism to alter its features in direct response to a change in its environment – is ubiquitous. Understanding how and why this phenomenon exists is crucial because it unites all levels of biological inquiry. This book brings together researchers who approach plasticity from diverse perspectives to explore new ideas and recent findings about the causes and consequences of plasticity. Contributors also discuss such controversial topics as how plasticity shapes ecological and evolutionary processes; whether specific plastic responses can be passed to offspring; and whether plasticity has left an important imprint on the history of life. Importantly, each chapter highlights key questions for future research. Drawing on numerous studies of plasticity in natural populations of plants and animals, this book aims to foster greater appreciation for this important, but frequently misunderstood phenomenon. Key Features Written in an accessible style with numerous illustrations, including many in color Reviews the history of the study of plasticity, including Darwin’s views Most chapters conclude with recommendations for future research
Phenotypic Variation In Populations
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Author : Avril Woodhead
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 1988-02
Phenotypic Variation In Populations written by Avril Woodhead and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1988-02 with Medical categories.
The human race has enormous he terogenei ty, founded on genetic and environmental sources. Variability, therefore, is a vital dimension in any consideration of human risk assessment. In the estimation of risks, current methods of extrapolation based upon converting the response of a median man are inadequate, as they ignore phenotypic variation and there fore, susceptible subgroups. There is a growing literature defining the extent of human variation in normal populations; thus, the normal young adult population may have 10-20% known hyperreactors. How far can we ignore human variability in risk assessment? Should we be concerned with susceptible groups, and how can we modify the risk assessment analysis accordingly? The aim of our meeting was to bring together experts from the fields of human epidemiology, toxicology, aging, genetics, carcino genesis and teratology, and to provide a forum in which we might assimi late knowledge of human heterogeneity as a coherent whole. Since the resolution and obligations of risk assessment, in the last analysis, are a political process, we also involved representatives from the legal field, the unions, and the regulatory agencies. We are most grateful for financial support from the National Institute on Aging; the u. S. Environmental Protection Agency; the U. S. Department of Energy; FDA - National Center for Toxicological Research; The Council for Tobacco Research-USA, Inc; Johnson and Johnson; Merck Sharp and Dohme Research Laboratories; and Associated Universities, Inc. We thank our Symposium Coordinator, Ms.
Phenotypic Variation
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Author : Moyra Smith M.D., Ph.D., MFA
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2011-01-10
Phenotypic Variation written by Moyra Smith M.D., Ph.D., MFA and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-01-10 with Medical categories.
During the past two decades international collaborative studies have yielded extensive information on genome sequences, genome architecture and their variations. The challenge we now face is to understand how these variations impact structure and function of organelles, physiological systems and phenotype. The goal of this book is to present steps in the pathways of exploration to connect genotype to phenotype and to consider how alterations in genomes impact disease. In this book the author reviews published research in functional genomics carried out primarily since 2006 that sheds light on aspects of phenotypic variation. The goal of functional genomics is to gain insight into mechanisms through which specific changes in genome transcripts and regulation induce changes in proteins, pathways, organelles, cellular and tissue functions, morphology and ultimately in phenotype. Topics reviewed include investigations in genome architecture, gene structure, gene regulation epigenetic modifications and function of organelles including mitochondria, and the endosome lysosome system. New insights into neurodevelopment and neurobehavioral disorders gained through functional genomic research are presented. Aspects of genomic studies in complex common diseases are reviewed. Molecular genetic variations and aberrations in cellular mechanisms involved in protein quality surveillance play a role in late onset diseases and one chapter deals with this topic. Molecular analyses of genes and proteins continue to shed light on the pathogenesis of malformation syndromes and specific examples of such studies are presented. There is growing evidence that late onset disorders such as Parkinson disease, are frequently the end result of defects in functioning of components in different pathways and examples of these are discussed. There is evidence that genetic variation determines differences in response to environmental insults. Genetic variations in complement factor genes are an example of this and are discussed in the context of macular degeneration and pathogenesis of hemolytic uremic syndrome in response exposure to E coli Shiga toxin. In the final chapter the author briefly summarizes key features of the cascade of events that constitute functional genomics.
A Probabilistic Model Of The Genotype Phenotype Relationship
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Author : Jean-Pierre Hugot
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2018-06-19
A Probabilistic Model Of The Genotype Phenotype Relationship written by Jean-Pierre Hugot and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-06-19 with Science categories.
A Probabilistic Model of the Genotype/Phenotype Relationship provides a new hypothesis on the relationship between genotype and phenotype. The main idea of the book is that this relationship is probabilistic, in other words, the genotype does not fully explain the phenotype. This idea is developed and discussed using the current knowledge on complex genetic diseases, phenotypic plasticity, canalization and others.
Phenotypic Plasticity
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Author : Janet B. Valentino
language : en
Publisher: Nova Science Publishers
Release Date : 2013
Phenotypic Plasticity written by Janet B. Valentino and has been published by Nova Science Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Evolutionary genetics categories.
Phenotypic plasticity is the ability of an organism with a given genotype to respond to changing environmental conditions by undergoing a phenotypic adaptation. The authors in this book discuss the molecular mechanisms, evolutionary significance and impact on speciation of phenotypic plasticity. Topics discussed include the role and evolution of adaptive plasticity during the colonisation of novel environments; phenotypic plasticity in functional traits of woody species in tropical dry forests; understanding the mechanisms of chemical communication and its consequences on aquatic communities using the freshwater crustacean daphnia model; and phenotypic plasticity of plants in response to environmental change.