Polski System Podatkowy Ze Szczeg Lnym Uwzgl Dnieniem Podatku Vat

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Comparative Tax Law

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Author : Victor Thuronyi
language : en
Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.
Release Date : 2016-04-20

Comparative Tax Law written by Victor Thuronyi and has been published by Kluwer Law International B.V. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-04-20 with Law categories.

Although the details of tax law are literally endless—differing not only from jurisdiction to jurisdiction but also from day-to-day—structures and patterns exist across tax systems that can be understood with relative ease. This book, now in an updated new edition, focuses on these essential patterns. It provides an immensely useful introduction to the core common knowledge that any well-informed tax lawyer or policy maker should have about comparative tax law in our times. The busy reader will welcome the compact nature of this work, which is shorter than the first edition and can be read in a weekend if one skips footnotes. The authors elucidate the commonalities and differences across countries in areas including (much of the detail new to the second edition): • general anti-avoidance rules; • court decisions striking down tax laws as violating constitutional rules against retroactivity, unequal treatment of equals, confiscation, and undue vagueness; • statutory interpretation; • inflation adjustment rules and the allowance for corporate equity; • value added tax systems; • concepts such as “tax”, “capital gain”, “tax avoidance”, and “partnership”; • corporate-shareholder tax systems; • the relationship between tax and financial accounting; • taxation of investment income; • tax authorities’ ability to obtain and process information about taxpayers; and • systems of appeals from tax assessments. The information and analysis pull together valuable material which is scattered over a disparate literature, much of it not available in English. Especially considering the dynamic nature of tax law, whose rate of change exceeds that of any other field of law, the authors’ clear identification of the underlying patterns and fundamental structures that all tax systems have in common—as well as where the differences lie—guides the reader and offers resources for further research.

Public Expenditures Taxes And The Distribution Of Income

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Author : Morgan Reynolds
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2013-09-24

Public Expenditures Taxes And The Distribution Of Income written by Morgan Reynolds and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-09-24 with Political Science categories.

Public Expenditures, Taxes, and the Distribution of Income: The United States, 1950, 1961, 1970 explores income inequality over time to a more comprehensive than usual definition of income, one that includes the benefits and burdens of government expenditures and taxes at all levels. The book provides a discussion of topics on the impact of income redistribution on the fiscal comparisons of final income distributions; and experimental results involving artificial government budgets. The book will be interesting to economists.

Imperfect Knowledge Economics

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Author : Roman Frydman
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2023-09-26

Imperfect Knowledge Economics written by Roman Frydman and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-09-26 with Business & Economics categories.

Posing a major challenge to economic orthodoxy, Imperfect Knowledge Economics asserts that exact models of purposeful human behavior are beyond the reach of economic analysis. Roman Frydman and Michael Goldberg argue that the longstanding empirical failures of conventional economic models stem from their futile efforts to make exact predictions about the consequences of rational, self-interested behavior. Such predictions, based on mechanistic models of human behavior, disregard the importance of individual creativity and unforeseeable sociopolitical change. Scientific though these explanations may appear, they usually fail to predict how markets behave. And, the authors contend, recent behavioral models of the market are no less mechanistic than their conventional counterparts: they aim to generate exact predictions of "irrational" human behavior. Frydman and Goldberg offer a long-overdue response to the shortcomings of conventional economic models. Drawing attention to the inherent limits of economists' knowledge, they introduce a new approach to economic analysis: Imperfect Knowledge Economics (IKE). IKE rejects exact quantitative predictions of individual decisions and market outcomes in favor of mathematical models that generate only qualitative predictions of economic change. Using the foreign exchange market as a testing ground for IKE, this book sheds new light on exchange-rate and risk-premium movements, which have confounded conventional models for decades. Offering a fresh way to think about markets and representing a potential turning point in economics, Imperfect Knowledge Economics will be essential reading for economists, policymakers, and professional investors.

Howard Aiken

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Author : I. Bernard Cohen
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2000

Howard Aiken written by I. Bernard Cohen and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Biography & Autobiography categories.

Biography of Howard Aiken, a major figure of the early digital era, by a major historian of science who was also a colleague of Aiken's at Harvard. Howard Hathaway Aiken (1900-1973) was a major figure of the early digital era. He is best known for his first machine, the IBM Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator or Harvard Mark I, conceived in 1937 and put into operation in 1944. But he also made significant contributions to the development of applications for the new machines and to the creation of a university curriculum for computer science. This biography of Aiken, by a major historian of science who was also a colleague of Aiken's at Harvard, offers a clear and often entertaining introduction to Aiken and his times. Aiken's Mark I was the most intensely used of the early large-scale, general-purpose automatic digital computers, and it had a significant impact on the machines that followed. Aiken also proselytized for the computer among scientists, scholars, and businesspeople and explored novel applications in data processing, automatic billing, and production control. But his most lasting contribution may have been the students who received degrees under him and then took prominent positions in academia and industry. I. Bernard Cohen argues convincingly for Aiken's significance as a shaper of the computer world in which we now live.

Tax Administration 2021 Comparative Information On Oecd And Other Advanced And Emerging Economies

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Author : OECD
language : en
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Release Date : 2021-09-15

Tax Administration 2021 Comparative Information On Oecd And Other Advanced And Emerging Economies written by OECD and has been published by OECD Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-09-15 with categories.

This report is the ninth edition of the OECD's Tax Administration Series. It provides internationally comparative data on aspects of tax systems and their administration in 59 advanced and emerging economies.

Tax Systems

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Author : Joel Slemrod
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2013-12-13

Tax Systems written by Joel Slemrod and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-12-13 with Business & Economics categories.

An approach to taxation that goes beyond an emphasis on tax rates to consider such aspects as administration, compliance, and remittance. Despite its theoretical elegance, the standard optimal tax model has significant limitations. In this book, Joel Slemrod and Christian Gillitzer argue that tax analysis must move beyond the emphasis on optimal tax rates and bases to consider such aspects of taxation as administration, compliance, and remittance. Slemrod and Gillitzer explore what they term a tax-systems approach, which takes tax evasion seriously; revisits the issue of remittance, or who writes the check to cover tax liability (employer or employee, retailer or consumer); incorporates administrative and compliance costs; recognizes a range of behavioral responses to tax rates; considers nonstandard instruments, including tax base breadth and enforcement effort; and acknowledges that tighter enforcement is sometimes a more socially desirable way to raise revenue than an increase in statutory tax rates. Policy makers, Slemrod and Gillitzer argue, would be well advised to recognize the interrelationship of tax rates, bases, enforcement, and administration, and acknowledge that tax policy is really tax-systems policy.

Oecd Tax Policy Studies Taxing Insurance Companies

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Author : OECD
language : en
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Release Date : 2001-03-21

Oecd Tax Policy Studies Taxing Insurance Companies written by OECD and has been published by OECD Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-03-21 with categories.

This study examines the difficult task of applying income taxation to the life and property and casualty insurance industries.

Dimensions Of Tax Design

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Author : James A. Mirrlees
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2010-04-29

Dimensions Of Tax Design written by James A. Mirrlees and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-04-29 with Business & Economics categories.

The Review was chaired by Nobel Laureate Professor Sir James Mirrlees of the University of Cambridge and the Chinese University of Hong Kong. --

Oecd Tax Policy Studies Tax Policy Reform And Economic Growth

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Author : OECD
language : en
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Release Date : 2010-11-03

Oecd Tax Policy Studies Tax Policy Reform And Economic Growth written by OECD and has been published by OECD Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-11-03 with categories.

This report investigates how tax structures can best be designed to support GDP per capita growth.

The Concept Of Income

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Author : Kevin Holmes
language : en
Publisher: IBFD
Release Date : 2001

The Concept Of Income written by Kevin Holmes and has been published by IBFD this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with Finansteori categories.

Présentation de l'éditeur : "A resource book primarily for policy makers and academic tax, accounting and economics researchers, who require an in-depth analysis of the concept of income and its development for tax purposes."