Privatizaci N E Hidrocarburos

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Energy Transitions

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Author : Vaclav Smil
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Release Date : 2010-05-26

Energy Transitions written by Vaclav Smil and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-05-26 with Science categories.

This bold and controversial argument shows why energy transitions are inherently complex and prolonged affairs, and how ignoring this fact raises unrealistic expectations that the United States and other global economies can be weaned quickly from a primary dependency on fossil fuels. Energy transitions are fundamental processes behind the evolution of human societies: they both drive and are driven by technical, economic, and social changes. In a bold and provocative argument, Energy Transitions: History, Requirements, Prospects describes the history of modern society's dependence on fossil fuels and the prospects for the transition to a nonfossil world. Vaclav Smil, who has published more on various aspects of energy than any working scientist, makes it clear that this transition will not be accomplished easily, and that it cannot be accomplished within the timetables established by the Obama administration. The book begins with a survey of the basic properties of modern energy systems. It then offers detailed explanations of universal patterns of energy transitions, the peculiarities of changing energy use in the world's leading economies, and the coming shifts from fossil fuels to renewable conversions. Specific cases of these transitions are analyzed for eight of the world's leading energy consumers. The author closes with perspectives on the nature and pace of the coming energy transition to renewable conversions.

Deepening Democracy

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Author : Kenneth M. Roberts
language : en
Publisher: Stanford University Press
Release Date : 1998

Deepening Democracy written by Kenneth M. Roberts and has been published by Stanford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with Political Science categories.

Through a comparative analysis of the political Left and social movements in Chile and Peru, this book explores the structural and institutional forces which have limited the scope and quality of democracy in contemporary Latin America.

Standing Guard

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Author : Charles Lipson
language : en
Publisher: Univ of California Press
Release Date : 2024-06-21

Standing Guard written by Charles Lipson and has been published by Univ of California Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-06-21 with Political Science categories.

Foreign investors are drawn abroad by the lure of profits, but they also face significant risks. Standing Guard examines how investors coped with these risks and protected their capital abroad in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Toward the end of the twentieth century, less-developed countries, determined to control their own economic development, nationalized their most lucrative oil fields and mineral concessions and regulated all forms of foreign investment. While some firms were hard hit, many others adapted profitably to this new political environment. They rearranged their assets for self-protection and took full advantage of the tax breaks, low wages, and other incentives that attract capital to less-developed countries. At stake were not only corporate profits but also the character of national economic development and the global pattern of property rights. Charles Lispon traces these evolving issues from the days of gunboat diplomacy to modern corporate negotiations, showing how investors have tried to minimize their vulnerability to economic nationalism. Standing Guard analyzes the shifting corporate strategies and shows how they have affected U.S. foreign policy, providing a thorough, clearly reasoned, and insightful analysis of the long-term changes in investment security. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1985.

Rural Women In Latin America

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Author : Isis International
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1987

Rural Women In Latin America written by Isis International and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1987 with Latin America categories.

Measuring Levels Of Living In Latin America

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Author : Oscar Altimir
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1986

Measuring Levels Of Living In Latin America written by Oscar Altimir and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1986 with Social Science categories.

Storm Over The Multinationals

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Author : Raymond Vernon
language : en
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Release Date : 1977

Storm Over The Multinationals written by Raymond Vernon and has been published by Harvard University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1977 with Business & Economics categories.

Monograph presenting a critical analysis of the situation and image of multinational enterprises - investigates their economic and political behaviour, both in developed countries and developing countries together with the respective national level goals, and considers enterprise strategies in the light of technology and stabilization (entropy). Bibliography pp. 219 to 251, graphs and statistical tables.

The Extent Of Poverty In Latin America

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Author : Oscar Altimir
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1982

The Extent Of Poverty In Latin America written by Oscar Altimir and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1982 with Business & Economics categories.

This work originated in a research project for the measurement and analysis of income distribution in the Latin American countries, undertaken jointly by the Economic Commission for Latin America and the World Bank. The present paper presents estimates of the extent of absolute poverty for ten Latin American countries and for the region as a whole in the 1970s, on the basis of available household surveys and population censuses. They are based on country-specific poverty lines representing minimum acceptable levels of private consumption, drawn according to a food-based method. Such poverty lines - ranging from 150 to 250 dollars of annual household consumption per capita - express a normative definition of the absolute dimensions of poverty, partly based on expert appraisals and partly reflecting the actual behavior of low income households facing the life style projected by Latin American development. According to these estimates, 40 percent of Latin American households were poor at the beginning of the 1970s, the incidence of poverty being 26 percent in urban areas and 60 percent in rural areas. Urban poverty extended to more than one-third of urban households in some countries (Brazil, Colombia, Honduras) while affecting between 20 and 30 percent in others (Peru, Mexico, Venezuela), about 15 percent in Costa Rica and Chile and less than 10 percent in Argentina and Uruguay. The extent of poverty in rural areas would not be less than 20 percent in any case and would reach more than 60 percent in some countries. The corresponding poverty gaps were also estimated; in terms of total household income, they may represent manageable proportions (around 2-3 percent) in the better-off countries, but are in the 4-8 percent range in the bigger countries of the region and reach as much as 12 percent in Peru and 17 percent in Honduras.

Government Spending Taxes And Economic Growth

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Author : Mr.Paul Cashin
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 1994-08-01

Government Spending Taxes And Economic Growth written by Mr.Paul Cashin and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994-08-01 with Business & Economics categories.

This paper develops an endogenous growth model of the influence of public investment, public transfers, and distortionary taxation on the rate of economic growth. The growth-enhancing effects of investment in public capital and transfer payments are modeled, as is the growth-inhibiting influence of the levying of distortionary taxes which are used to fund such expenditure. The theoretical implications of the model are then tested with data from 23 developed countries between 1971 and 1988, and time series cross sectional results are obtained which support the proposed influence of the public finance variables on economic growth.

Rural Social Movements In Latin America

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Author : Carmen Diana Deere
language : en
Publisher: University Press of Florida
Release Date : 2018-04-23

Rural Social Movements In Latin America written by Carmen Diana Deere and has been published by University Press of Florida this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-04-23 with Political Science categories.

"A remarkable collection. The chapters provide extremely useful information on a range of social movements generally not well covered in academic work--and the coverage is provided by people who are either activists within the movements themselves or long-time supporters."--Wendy Wolford, University of North Carolina "An original, unique, and excellent collection. The book has great theoretical value and political relevance."--Saturnino M. Borras Jr., Saint Mary's University (Halifax) All across Latin America, rural peoples are organizing in support of broadly distinct but interrelated issues. Food sovereignty, agrarian reform, indigenous and women’s rights, sustainable development, fair trade, and immigration issues are the focus of a large number of social movements found in countries such as Bolivia, Colombia, Mexico, Nicaragua, Brazil, and Peru. The contributors to Rural Social Movements in Latin America include academic researchers as well as social movement leaders who are seeking to effect change in their countries and communities. As a group they are at the forefront of some of the most critical environmental, social, and political issues of the day. This volume highlights the central role these movements play in opposition to the neoliberal model of development and offers fresh insights on emerging alternatives at the local, national, and hemispheric level. It also illustrates and analyzes the similarities--notably the struggle for sustainable livelihoods--as well as the difference among these various peasant, indigenous, and rural women's movements.

Privatization

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Author : John R. Nellis
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 1992-01-01

Privatization written by John R. Nellis and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992-01-01 with Business & Economics categories.

Governance, as defined by the World Bank in its 1992 report, Governance and Development, is the manner in which power is exercised in the management of a country's economic and social resources for development. The report deemed it is within the Bank's mandate to focus on the following: -the process by which authority is exercised in the management of a country's economic and social resources -the capacity of governments to design, formulate, and implement policies and discharge functions. Also available: Governance: The World Bank's Experience (ISBN 0-8213-2804-2) Stock No. 12804.