Reg Menes Y Sistemas Electorales
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Las Elecciones
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Author : Francesc de Carreras
language : es
Publisher:
Release Date : 1977
Las Elecciones written by Francesc de Carreras and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1977 with Election law categories.
Doctrinas Y Reg Menes Pol Ticos Contempor Neos I 1 El Socialismo Socialismo Marxista Socialismo Democr Tico
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Author : Sigfredo Hillers de Luque
language : es
Publisher: Palibrio
Release Date : 2014-03
Doctrinas Y Reg Menes Pol Ticos Contempor Neos I 1 El Socialismo Socialismo Marxista Socialismo Democr Tico written by Sigfredo Hillers de Luque and has been published by Palibrio this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-03 with Political Science categories.
La actualidad del Socialismo como Sigfredo HILLERS DE LUQUE ideología o doctrina política es evidente. Sobre todo en el s. XX pero incluso todavía en el s.XXI. Pensemos que la "Internacional Socialista" no se ha disuelto. Sigue siendo la organización que aglutina a todos los partidos que se declaran socialistas en el mundo. No obstante es evidente el confusionismo reinante. Mientras unos hacen rotunda distinción entre Socialismo marxista, Socialismo democrático y Socialdemocracia, otros afi rman rotundamente que no existe Socialismo fuera del marxismo. Después de la II Guerra Mundial, con la Unión Soviética dentro de los grandes vencedores, la poderosa maquinaria de la propaganda soviética, hizo creer "urbi et orbi" (intelectuales incluidos) que el verdadero Socialismo; los auténticos representantes del pensamiento de Karl Marx, era el denominado "marxismo-leninismo", en tanto que el Socialismo de los países occidentales era un Socialismo "rosa" o "moderado", conocido como "Social-Democracia". Es uno de los "mitos" fabricados por la poderosa propaganda soviética. (*) Aunque en la URSS siempre se reconoció que el intérprete indiscutible de Karl Marx fue Friedrich Engels, se ocultó que sus discípulos predilectos fueron Karl Kautsky y Eduard Bernstein, a quienes nombra albaceas testamentarios suyos (con poderes para revisar, publicar o destruir sus escritos). Kautsky y Bernstein, bajo la dirección de Engels (residente en Inglaterra), ya muerto Marx, son quienes logran imponer -en largos y profundos debates en el Congreso de Erfurt de 1891- la doctrina de Marx en el Socialismo alemán. Alemania y Austria con los partidos socialistas más numerosos y mejor organizados de Europa (y los mejores conocedores de la doctrina de Marx y Engels) se imponen en la Internacional Socialista. También se pretende ignorar que Lenin y su partido bolchevique no fueron admitidos en la Internacional Socialista, ante la decidida y razonada opinión de Kautsky y Bernstein, discípulos doctrinarios directos de Marx y Engels. Incluso Kautsky publica en 1918 su libro "La dictadura del proletariado" ("Die Diktatur des Proletariats") y en 1919 su demoledor "Terrorismo y comunismo" ("Terrorismus und Kommunismus"). La "venganza" de Lenin no se hace esperar. Publica su libro: "La revolución proletaria y el renegado Kautsky", dedicando igual califi cativo a Bernstein, claro está. De ahí que al no poder utilizar el adjetivo de "socialista" ni el de "marxista" para su partido bolchevique, lo denomina "Partido Comunista" y los sucesores de Lenin deben utilizar el "truco" de bautizar su doctrina como "marxista-leninista", i.e. una "derivación" del Socialismo marxista. Nada que objetar ya, doctrinalmente hablando. Debemos añadir que el nombre del partido socialista alemán fue -ya antes de la muerte de Marx y Engels- y sigue siendo (antes y después de Willy Brandt) el de "Partido Socialdemocrático de Alemania" (SPD: Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands). Para los lectores españoles, añadir que Pablo Iglesias -fundador del partido socialista español (PSOE) 1879, cuando en sus escritos se refería a Kautsky, le denominaba "el maestro Kautsky".
Realising Redd
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Author : Arild Angelsen
language : en
Publisher: CIFOR
Release Date : 2009-01-01
Realising Redd written by Arild Angelsen and has been published by CIFOR this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-01-01 with Climatic changes categories.
REDD+ must be transformational. REDD+ requires broad institutional and governance reforms, such as tenure, decentralisation, and corruption control. These reforms will enable departures from business as usual, and involve communities and forest users in making and implementing policies that a ect them. Policies must go beyond forestry. REDD+ strategies must include policies outside the forestry sector narrowly de ned, such as agriculture and energy, and better coordinate across sectors to deal with non-forest drivers of deforestation and degradation. Performance-based payments are key, yet limited. Payments based on performance directly incentivise and compensate forest owners and users. But schemes such as payments for environmental services (PES) depend on conditions, such as secure tenure, solid carbon data and transparent governance, that are often lacking and take time to change. This constraint reinforces the need for broad institutional and policy reforms. We must learn from the past. Many approaches to REDD+ now being considered are similar to previous e orts to conserve and better manage forests, often with limited success. Taking on board lessons learned from past experience will improve the prospects of REDD+ e ectiveness. National circumstances and uncertainty must be factored in. Di erent country contexts will create a variety of REDD+ models with di erent institutional and policy mixes. Uncertainties about the shape of the future global REDD+ system, national readiness and political consensus require exibility and a phased approach to REDD+ implementation.
Modernizaci N Del R Gimen Electoral Chileno
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Author :
language : es
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007
Modernizaci N Del R Gimen Electoral Chileno written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Election law categories.
Democracy In Mexico
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Author : Pablo González Casanova
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Release Date : 1972
Democracy In Mexico written by Pablo González Casanova and has been published by Oxford University Press, USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1972 with Political Science categories.
The Handbook Of Electoral System Choice
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Author : J. Colomer
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-01-05
The Handbook Of Electoral System Choice written by J. Colomer and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-01-05 with Political Science categories.
The topic of electoral reform is an extremely timely one. The accelerated expansion of the number of new democracies in the world generates increasing demand for advice on the choice of electoral rules; at the same time, a new reformism in well established democracies seeks new formulae favouring both more representative institutions and more accountable rulers. The Handbook of Electoral System Choice addresses the theoretical and comparative issues of electoral reform in relation to democratization, political strategies in established democracies and the relative performance of different electoral systems. Case studies on virtually every major democracy or democratizing country in the world are included.
Anonymous Empire
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Author : Samuel Edward Finer
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1958
Anonymous Empire written by Samuel Edward Finer and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1958 with Lobbying categories.
Strong Parties And Lame Ducks
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Author : Michael Coppedge
language : kk
Publisher: Stanford University Press
Release Date : 1994
Strong Parties And Lame Ducks written by Michael Coppedge and has been published by Stanford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994 with Political Science categories.
This bold and comprehensive reassessment of democracy in Venezuela explains why one of the oldest and most admired democracies in Latin America has become fragile after more than three decades of apparent stability.
The Quest For Universal Social Policy In The South
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Author : Juliana Martínez Franzoni
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2016-10-20
The Quest For Universal Social Policy In The South written by Juliana Martínez Franzoni and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-10-20 with Business & Economics categories.
This volume examines the concept of global social policy architectures and its emergence across issues and through time.
Cuba S Repressive Machinery
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Author : Sarah A. DeCosse
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
Cuba S Repressive Machinery written by Sarah A. DeCosse and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Law categories.
To the European Union