Relationship Between Water And Energy Consumption At End Use

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The Link Between Energy Human Activity

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Author : International Energy Agency
language : en
Publisher: OECD
Release Date : 1997

The Link Between Energy Human Activity written by International Energy Agency and has been published by OECD this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with Science categories.

Includes discussion of energy indicators and the links between energy end-use patterns and cardon dioxide emissions.

Understanding Multi Residential Energy And Water End Use Load Profiles

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Author : Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation. External Research Program
language : en
Publisher: CMHC
Release Date : 2004

Understanding Multi Residential Energy And Water End Use Load Profiles written by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation. External Research Program and has been published by CMHC this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Apartment houses categories.

Energy used in residential buildings is a major energy use in Canada (21% of all energy) and presumably in most areas in the Northern hemisphere. A substantial fraction of this energy (24%) is used in multi-residential buildings. However, very little attention has been given to examining the patterns of energy and water consumption, let alone how they can be improved. This report suggests that significant savings and improvements in the efficiency of multi-residential systems are achievable, and this could go a long way toward reducing energy usage and fulfilling Canadian Kyoto obligations. Watershed Technologies Inc. and OZZ Energy Solutions Inc. have been monitoring energy and water usage in multi-residential buildings in the Toronto area since 1996. The present analysis looks at detailed (hourly) gas and electricity loads in 34 buildings and water consumption in 21 buildings over a two-year period from May 2001 to April 2003. An earlier report by OZZ documented the different physical features of these buildings and presented an overall summary and a preliminary analysis of gas, electricity and water consumption data along with daily and seasonal summaries. A more detailed analysis is offered in the present report. A new model is developed which describes the building's energy consumption for cooling and heating more effectively than the traditional degree-day model. The new model quantifies not only the changes in energy load per unit change in temperature but also its effective thermal capacity, the heating system overhead and system response to other weather factors, namely wind, relative humidity and solar access. More than two fold differences in the energy per unit area or water used per apartment unit among the buildings are observed. A study of seasonal and daily variability suggests that at least a part of these differences in the building energy efficiency can be attributed to poor or complete lack of energy management in many of the buildings. The data also suggests that in-suite electric heating is 2.5 times more efficient than central gas heating systems in multi-residential buildings. The same appears true of in-suite air conditioning, when compared to centralized cooling systems.

Regression Analysis Of Energy Consumption By End Use

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Author : Robert B. Latta
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1983

Regression Analysis Of Energy Consumption By End Use written by Robert B. Latta and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1983 with Energy consumption categories.

Water And Energy

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Author : Gustaf Olsson
language : en
Publisher: IWA Publishing
Release Date : 2015-06-14

Water And Energy written by Gustaf Olsson and has been published by IWA Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-06-14 with Science categories.

Rapid and important developments in the area of energy - water nexus over the last two to three years have been significant. This new edition of Water and Energy: Threats and Opportunities is timely and continues to highlight the inextricable link between water and energy, providing an up-to-date overview of the subject with helpful detailed summaries of the technical literature. Water and Energy has been up-dated throughout and major changes are: new chapters on global warming and fossil fuels, including shale gas and fracking; the consequences of the Deepwater Horizon accident in the Mexican Gulf and the Niger Delta oil spills; new developments in hydropower; and continued competition between food, water and energy. Water and Energy Threats and Opportunities, 2e creates an awareness of the important couplings between water and energy. It shows how energy is used in all the various water cycle operations and demonstrates how water is used and misused in all kinds of energy production and generation.Population increase, climate change and an increasing competition between food and fuel production create enormous pressures on both water and energy availability. Since there is no replacement for water, water security looks more crucial than energy security. This is true not only in developing countries but also in the most advanced countries. For example, the western parts of the USA suffer from water scarcity that provides a real security threat. Part One of the book describes the water-energy nexus, the conflicts and competitions and the couplings between water security, energy security, and food security. Part Two captures how climate change, population increase and the growing food demand will have major impact on water availability in many countries in the world. Part Three describes water for energy and how energy production and conversion depend on water availability. As a consequence, all planning has to take both water and energy into consideration. The environmental (including water) consequences of oil and coal exploration and refining are huge, in North America as well as in the rest of the world. Furthermore, oil leak accidents have hit America, Africa, Europe as well as Asia. The consequences of hydropower are discussed and the competition between hydropower generation, flood control and water storage is illustrated. The importance of water for cooling thermal power plants is described, as this was so tragically demonstrated at the Fukushima nuclear plants in 2011. Climate change will further emphasize the strong coupling between water availability and the operation of power plants. Part Four analyses energy for water - how water production and treatment depend on energy. The book shows that a lot can be done to improve equipment, develop processes and apply advanced monitoring and control to save energy for water operations. Significant amounts of energy can be saved by better pumping, the reduction of leakages, controlled aeration in biological wastewater treatment, more efficient biogas production, and by improved desalination processes. There are 3 PowerPoint presentations available for Water and Energy - threats and opportunities, 2e. About the author Gustaf Olsson, Professor Em. in Industrial Automation, Lund University, Sweden Since 2006, Gustaf has been Professor Emeritus at Lund University, Sweden. Gustaf has devoted his research to control and automation in water systems, electrical power systems and process industries. From 2006 to 2008 he was part time professor in electrical power systems at Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden. He is guest professor at the Technical University of Malaysia (UTM) and at the Tsinghua University in Beijing, China and he is an honorary faculty member of the Exeter University in UK. Between 2005 and 2010 he was the editor-in-chief of the journals Water Science and Technology and Water Science and Technology/Water Supply, (IWA Publishing). From 2007 to 2010, he was a member of the IWA Board of Directors and in 2010 he received the IWA Publication Award. In 2012 he was the awardee of an Honorary Doctor degree at UTM and an Honorary Membership of IWA. Gustaf has guided 23 PhDs and a few hundred MSc students through their exams and has received the Lund University pedagogical award for distinguished achievements in the education". The Lund University engineering students elected him as the teacher of the year He has spent extended periods as a guest professor and visiting researcher at universities and companies in the USA, Australia and Japan and has been invited as a guest lecturer in 19 countries outside Sweden. He has authored nine books published in English, Russian, German and Chinese and and contributed with chapters in another 19 books as well as more than 170 scientific publications.

Examining The Relationship Between Pumping Energy And Geographically Targeted Water Conservation Measures In Municipal Water Distribution Networks

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Author : Alexandra Oldford
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013

Examining The Relationship Between Pumping Energy And Geographically Targeted Water Conservation Measures In Municipal Water Distribution Networks written by Alexandra Oldford and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.

Municipal water distribution systems are operated and maintained by utilities whose first priority is the safe and reliable provision of drinking water to consumers. The cost to move and treat water through distribution networks is significant and can account for up to 80% of a utility's energy costs. As these networks age, operating and maintenance costs continue to increase due to higher incidences of leaks and breaks and increased pipe friction leading to higher energy use. Many utilities are considering water conservation as a strategy to reducing their energy consumption by reducing the amount of water being pumped and treated in their jurisdictions. This work studies the pumping energy response of a distribution system when water conservation strategies are implemented in small geographic areas in the network. A water conservation plan is tailored to each defined area by specifying which conservation measures are feasible to implement, desired by the customer, and are attractive to the utility based on a potential return on investment in the form of reduced electricity bills to pump and treat water. Energy intensity and energy elasticity indicators are developed to assess the mechanical energy used in a network to distribute water to end-users. A case study for the City of Kingston water distribution system is presented. The distribution system studied indicated that when water conservation strategies produced marginal water savings, the energy response was inelastic to changes in water demand. The amount of energy required to move one cubic metre of water through the network increased with higher water savings because the percent savings of water was higher than the percent savings of pumping energy.

The Effect Of Efficiency Standards On Water Use And Water Heating Energy Use In The Us

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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1994

The Effect Of Efficiency Standards On Water Use And Water Heating Energy Use In The Us written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994 with categories.

Water heating is an important end-use, accounting for roughly 16% of total primary energy consumption in the US residential sector. Recently enacted efficiency standards on water heaters and hot water-using equipment (e.g., dishwashers, clothes washers, showerheads, and faucets) will substantially affect the energy use of water heaters in the future. Assessment of current and future utility programs and government policies requires that regulators, resource planners, and forecasters understand the effects of these regulations. In order to quantify these impacts, this paper presents a detailed end-use breakdown of household hot and cold water use developed for the US Department of Energy. This breakdown is based on both previous studies and new data and analysis. It is implemented in a spreadsheet forecasting framework, which allows significant flexibility in specifying end-use demands and linkages between water heaters and hot water-using appliances. We disaggregate total hot and cold water use (gallons per day) into their component parts: showers, baths, faucets (flow dominated and volume dominated), toilets, landscaping/other, dishwashers, and clotheswashers. We then use the end-use breakdown and data on equipment characteristics to assess the impacts of current efficiency standards on hot water use and water heater energy consumption.

Energy And Water Sector Interdependence

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Author : Wilfred D. Meadow
language : en
Publisher: Nova Science Pub Incorporated
Release Date : 2014-01-01

Energy And Water Sector Interdependence written by Wilfred D. Meadow and has been published by Nova Science Pub Incorporated this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-01-01 with Science categories.

Water and energy are resources that are reciprocally and mutually linked, because meeting energy needs requires water, often in large quantities, for mining, fuel production, hydropower, and power plant cooling, and energy is needed for pumping, treatment, and distribution of water and for collection, treatment, and discharge of wastewater. This interrelationship is often referred to as the energy-water nexus, or the water-energy nexus. There is growing recognition that "saving water saves energy". Energy efficiency initiatives offer opportunities for delivering significant water savings, and likewise, water efficiency initiatives offer opportunities for delivering significant energy savings. In addition, saving water also reduces carbon emissions by saving energy otherwise generated to move and treat water. This book provides background on energy for facilities that treat and deliver water to end users and also dispose of and discharge wastewater.

The Routledge Handbook Of Energy Security

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Author : Benjamin K. Sovacool
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2010-12-16

The Routledge Handbook Of Energy Security written by Benjamin K. Sovacool and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-12-16 with Business & Economics categories.

This Handbook examines the subject of energy security: its definition, dimensions, ways to measure and index it, and the complicating factors that are often overlooked. The volume identifies varying definitions and dimensions of energy security, including those that prioritize security of supply and affordability alongside those that emphasize availability, energy efficiency, trade, environmental quality, and social and political stewardship. It also explores the various metrics that can be used to give energy security more coherence, and also to enable it to be measured, including recent attempts to measure energy security progress at the national level, with a special emphasis placed on countries within the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), countries within Asia, and industrialized countries worldwide. This Handbook: • Broadens existing discussions of energy security that center on access to fuels, including "oil security" and "coal security." • Focuses not only on the supply side of energy but also the demand, taking a hard look at energy services and politics along with technologies and infrastructure; • Investigates energy security issues such as energy poverty, equity and access, and development; • Analyzes ways to index and measure energy security progress at the national and international level. This book will be of much interest to students of energy security, energy policy, economics, environmental studies, and IR/Security Studies in general.

Integrating Science Technology Into Development Policies An International Perspective

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Author : OECD
language : en
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Release Date : 2007-05-23

Integrating Science Technology Into Development Policies An International Perspective written by OECD and has been published by OECD Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-05-23 with categories.

This publication provides the proceedings of an international workshop, held in South Africa, intended to address how international co-operation in science and technology can further the three inter-related aspects (economic, social and environmental) of the development process.

Electric Power Conversion

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Author : Marian Gaiceanu
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2019-05-15

Electric Power Conversion written by Marian Gaiceanu and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-05-15 with Technology & Engineering categories.

The introductory chapter to this book is like traveling in a time machine into past, present, and future of electric power conversion. Archeological discoveries are being transformed into the discoveries of the future. The book is an incursion to electric power conversion through electromechanical power conversion, static power conversion, and applications in the field. Each of the above-mentioned sections analyzes the knowledge gained using the experimental results of valuable research projects. Novice readers will learn how energy is converted adequately and adapted to different consumers. Advanced readers will discover different kinds of modern solutions and tendencies in the field of electric power conversion.