Tahamisin Wa A En A Idojin Rubutun Hausa
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Language And Cognition
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Author : Kuniyoshi L. Sakai
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2015-07-07
Language And Cognition written by Kuniyoshi L. Sakai and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-07-07 with Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry categories.
Interaction between language and cognition remains an unsolved scientific problem. What are the differences in neural mechanisms of language and cognition? Why do children acquire language by the age of six, while taking a lifetime to acquire cognition? What is the role of language and cognition in thinking? Is abstract cognition possible without language? Is language just a communication device, or is it fundamental in developing thoughts? Why are there no animals with human thinking but without human language? Combinations even among 100 words and 100 objects (multiple words can represent multiple objects) exceed the number of all the particles in the Universe, and it seems that no amount of experience would suffice to learn these associations. How does human brain overcome this difficulty? Since the 19th century we know about involvement of Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas in language. What new knowledge of language and cognition areas has been found with fMRI and other brain imaging methods? Every year we know more about their anatomical and functional/effective connectivity. What can be inferred about mechanisms of their interaction, and about their functions in language and cognition? Why does the human brain show hemispheric (i.e., left or right) dominance for some specific linguistic and cognitive processes? Is understanding of language and cognition processed in the same brain area, or are there differences in language-semantic and cognitive-semantic brain areas? Is the syntactic process related to the structure of our conceptual world? Chomsky has suggested that language is separable from cognition. On the opposite, cognitive and construction linguistics emphasized a single mechanism of both. Neither has led to a computational theory so far. Evolutionary linguistics has emphasized evolution leading to a mechanism of language acquisition, yet proposed approaches also lead to incomputable complexity. There are some more related issues in linguistics and language education as well. Which brain regions govern phonology, lexicon, semantics, and syntax systems, as well as their acquisitions? What are the differences in acquisition of the first and second languages? Which mechanisms of cognition are involved in reading and writing? Are different writing systems affect relations between language and cognition? Are there differences in language-cognition interactions among different language groups (such as Indo-European, Chinese, Japanese, Semitic) and types (different degrees of analytic-isolating, synthetic-inflected, fused, agglutinative features)? What can be learned from sign languages? Rizzolatti and Arbib have proposed that language evolved on top of earlier mirror-neuron mechanism. Can this proposal answer the unknown questions about language and cognition? Can it explain mechanisms of language-cognition interaction? How does it relate to known brain areas and their interactions identified in brain imaging? Emotional and conceptual contents of voice sounds in animals are fused. Evolution of human language has demanded splitting of emotional and conceptual contents and mechanisms, although language prosody still carries emotional content. Is it a dying-off remnant, or is it fundamental for interaction between language and cognition? If language and cognitive mechanisms differ, unifying these two contents requires motivation, hence emotions. What are these emotions? Can they be measured? Tonal languages use pitch contours for semantic contents, are there differences in language-cognition interaction among tonal and atonal languages? Are emotional differences among cultures exclusively cultural, or also depend on languages? Interaction of language and cognition is thus full of mysteries, and we encourage papers addressing any aspect of this topic.
An English Hausa Dictionary
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Author : Roxana Ma Newman
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1990
An English Hausa Dictionary written by Roxana Ma Newman and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990 with Reference categories.
"Hausa students and Hausaphiles now have an English-Hausa dictionary that is readily available, attractively produced and quite attractively priced, and more comprehensive than any English-based dictionary for an African language...A magnificent accomplishment that promises to serve a wide variety of purposes. It establishes both precedent and an excellent model that one hopes will be followed for other less commonly taught languages." -William R. Leben, Modern Language Journal This is a modern comprehensive dictionary designed specifically for English-speaking users who wish to acquire communicative fluency in Hausa, West Africa's most important and most widely spoken language.The dictionary contains a broad selection of words that the average person is likely to need in speaking and writing Hausa for everyday use. Included are common technical terms drawn from a range of fields, as well as generally accepted borrowings from English and French. The entries are divided into meaning groups and grammatical categories, marked clearly by semantic and usage indicators to help the user distinguish between the various meanings. Numerous phrases, sentences, and common idiomatic expressions illustrate conversational usage and provide culturally informative contexts. The easy to read typography marks lexical and grammatical distinctions of tone and vowel length for every Hausa word in the dictionary. The introduction provides concise information on various points of Hausa grammar. Useful appendixes include pronoun paradigms, pronunciation guides to Hausa place names and personal names, an index of Nigerian and international organizations, and a description of the currencies of Nigeria and Niger. An English-Hausa Dictionary will be an invaluable guide for students, research scholars, translators, and people with educational business, or governmental ties in West Africa who are interested in learning the language and culture of one of that area's most dynamic societies. It will be equally useful to non-Hausa speaking Africans who want to learn Hausa. In general, the innovative design features of this book will set a new standard for pedagogically oriented reference works of African languages. "A valuable resource for scholars and students of linguistic and African languages and literature...It is highly recommended for use in academic and research libraries. Newman and her editorial staff deserve to be congratulated." -Felix Eme Unaeze, American Reference Books Annual
Nigerian Groundnut Exports
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Author : Jan S. Hogendorn
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1978
Nigerian Groundnut Exports written by Jan S. Hogendorn and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1978 with Business & Economics categories.