Testing Justice
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Fairness Justice And Language Assessment
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Author : Tim McNamara
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2019-02-21
Fairness Justice And Language Assessment written by Tim McNamara and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-02-21 with Study Aids categories.
This book has two goals, each related to the validity of language assessment. The first goal is to explore the difference between fairness and justice in language assessment. The authors distinguish internal and external dimensions of the equitable and just treatment of individuals taking language tests which are used as gatekeeping devices to determine access to education and employment, immigrant status, citizenship, and other rights. The second goal is to show how the extent of test fairness can be demonstrated and improved using the tools of psychometrics, in particular the models collectively known as Rasch measurement. “This book will have an enormous impact on the field of language assessment. Using Rasch analysis models to explore and identify sources of unfairness, the authors make a compelling case for fairness in the design and implementation of language assessment instruments and for justice in the interpretation and use of test results. A real strength of the book is that it guides readers through analytical techniques in an accessible way.” Dan Douglas, Professor Emeritus, Applied Linguistics Program, Iowa State University.
Testing The Rules Of Justice
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Author : Brian C. Holtz
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005
Testing The Rules Of Justice written by Brian C. Holtz and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with categories.
The resurgence of personality tests in selection has sparked interest in factors that may increase the utility and acceptability of these tests. Following a justice framework, the present study explores two possible methods for improving the psychometric properties and test-taker perceptions of a widely used measure of personality, the NEO-Five Factor Inventory. The first manipulation altered respondents' frame-of-reference (FOR) by adding "at-work" tags to the personality test. The second provided information about the validity and appropriateness of the personality test for selection. Under the controlled setting of a laboratory experiment, participants (n=345) were randomly assigned to one of the conditions in the following between-subjects design: 2 (FOR: work specific vs. generic) x 2 (information: validity vs. control). The FOR manipulation produced consistent effects on the personality test responses, but in contrast to recent claims, produced no effect on test perceptions. Alternatively, the information manipulation primarily influenced job-relatedness perceptions, but had a modest negative effect on the psychometric properties of the personality test. These results show some possibilities, and difficulties, for enhancing perceptions of personality tests. They also have important implications for justice theory because they suggest that interactions among the procedural justice rules may yield unexpected and contradictory effects.
Social Justice And Educational Measurement
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Author : Zachary Stein
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2016-03-31
Social Justice And Educational Measurement written by Zachary Stein and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-03-31 with Education categories.
Social Justice and Educational Measurement addresses foundational concerns at the interface of standardized testing and social justice in American schools. Following John Rawls’s philosophical methods, Stein builds and justifies an ethical framework for guiding practices involving educational measurement. This framework demonstrates that educational measurement can both inhibit and ensure just educational arrangements. It also clarifies a principled distinction between efficiency-oriented testing and justice-oriented testing. Through analysis of several historical case studies that exemplify ethical issues related to testing, this book explores and propounds speculative design principles and arguments in favour of radically democratic school reforms, which address how the future of testing might be shaped to ensure justice for all. These case studies cover the widespread use of IQ-style testing in schools during the early decades of the 20th century; the founding of the Educational Testing Service; and the recent history of test-based accountability associated with No Child Left Behind. Social Justice and Educational Measurement will be essential reading for academics, researchers and postgraduate students in education, testing and assessment, and the philosophy of education. It will also be of interest to policymakers and educational administrators.
Individual And Social Justice In Objective Testing
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Author : Emir H Shuford (Jr)
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1967
Individual And Social Justice In Objective Testing written by Emir H Shuford (Jr) and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1967 with categories.
With the development of decision-theoretic psychometrics and Valid Confidence Testing, it is now possible to administer objective and semi-objective tests in such a way that guessing is practically eliminated from the test data. In order to estimate the benefits available from the use of these new procedures, it becomes important to estimate the effects of guessing upon test data obtained by using the old methods of administration. Logic and mathematics are used to examine the effects of guessing upon an examinee's test score. The decision to guess or not to guess in taking an examination has a great effect on the examinee's chances of passing the test. It is possible to evaluate the performance of an objective test not only according to its ability to discriminate between examinees of different ability levels but also according to its ability to discriminate between those who are guessing and those who are not guessing. It is shown that an objective test can be a better test of cultural and educational background than it is of ability level. Thus, the social justice of the older forms of objective test leave much to be desired. These injustices may be eliminated through the application of decision-theoretic psychometrics.
Drug Identification And Testing In The Juvenile Justice System
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Author : Anne H. Crowe
language : en
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
Release Date : 1998-11
Drug Identification And Testing In The Juvenile Justice System written by Anne H. Crowe and has been published by DIANE Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998-11 with Juvenile courts categories.
Reviews two projects which investigate innovative & appropriate methods to identify & intervene with substance-abusing youth -- the Amer. Correctional Assoc. & the Institute for Behavior & Health, Inc. project, & the Amer. Probation & Parole Assoc. project. Both programs emphasized the development of effective strategies for screening & testing youth for illicit drug use. Includes project descriptions & discussion of the outcomes & benefits of each as well as a discussion on program development. Recommendations are made for future actions. Glossary. References. Charts & tables. Sample drug-testing forms.
Individual Differences In Evaluating Fairness And Justice In Employment Testing
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Author : Timothy Earl Landon
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1994
Individual Differences In Evaluating Fairness And Justice In Employment Testing written by Timothy Earl Landon and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994 with categories.
Test Validity In Justice And Safety Training Contexts
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Author : Kevin I. Minor
language : en
Publisher: Charles C Thomas Publisher
Release Date : 2005
Test Validity In Justice And Safety Training Contexts written by Kevin I. Minor and has been published by Charles C Thomas Publisher this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Business & Economics categories.
The intention of this book is to provide training officials - working in law enforcement, courts, adult corrections, juvenile justice, child and family welfare, fire safety, emergency medical care, and related agencies - with valid mechanisms for assessing the degree to which trainees actually acquire the knowledge and skills required to effectively perform duties that can be complex and challenging, in order to determine which trainees will and will not be formally credentialed to perform work. This book addresses the current void in the literature on the topic and to encourage increased attention to the question of whether tools being used to assess knowledge and skills acquired from training conform to scientifically established standards of validity. The meticulous efforts of the authors have produced a solid basis for application through comprehensible and concrete theoretical principles. The aim of the book is to show how to perform validation of training assessment instruments by actually doing so and by addressing the central issues that warrant consideration in the process. The book begins with background information that is important to the authors' research on the validity of tests used in policed training. After providing the background in the first three chapters, the following four chapters describe and present the findings of their validation study of police academy testing. The last chapter draws conclusions about the validity and reliability of the instruments that were studied and by examining the implications of their research for future efforts to validate tests in justice and safety training contexts. The book also contains appendices that present data to support the conclusions and also include methods and instruments developed during the authors' research.
National Institute Of Justice Journal
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1997-06
National Institute Of Justice Journal written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997-06 with Criminal justice, Administration of categories.
Focus Group Testing
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Author : Canada. Department of Justice
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1997
Focus Group Testing written by Canada. Department of Justice and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with categories.
The Future Of Forensic Dna Testing
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Author : U.s. Department of Justice
language : en
Publisher: Createspace Independent Pub
Release Date : 2012-07-18
The Future Of Forensic Dna Testing written by U.s. Department of Justice and has been published by Createspace Independent Pub this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-07-18 with Law categories.
The principal assignment given to the Research and Development Working Group was to identify the technical advances in the forthcoming decade and to assess the expected impact of these on forensic DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) analysis. Progress in forensic analysis was slow until recently, but since 1985 more powerful techniques have increased explosively. The first useful marker system, the ABO blood groups, was discovered in 1900. The second, the MN groups, came a quarter century later. By the 1960s, there were 17 blood group systems known, but not all were useful for forensics, and in the 1970s a few serum proteins and enzymes were added. By the 1980s, some 100 protein polymorphisms were known but most were not generally useful for forensics. The year 1985 brought a major breakthrough. VNTRs (variable number of tandem repeats) showed much greater variability among people than previous systems and immediately began to be used for forensic studies. They are still used, but are rapidly being replaced by STRs (short tandem repeats). We can also expect improvements in collection and purification techniques. Automation will make the process more efficient and rapid, and we expect interpretative software for analysis of complex problems, such as mixtures. There also is progress toward miniaturization, using a combination of chip technology and molecular genetics. Portable, handheld systems are now working in laboratory experiments; how soon these will be available for routine use is not clear. We also expect an increasing amount of re-examination of cases in which the conviction was based on evidence other than DNA. Greater automation and higher throughput approaches will help reduce the backlog. Formats that can analyze multiple STR loci in miniaturized, mobile instruments are promised and should be available by this time. We also expect improved sampling and storage techniques. Research in the human genome and clinical research will produce many more markers, some of which will be used to supplement the existing procedures. We also expect integration of computers and internet with analytical techniques to permit direct transmission of test data between laboratories. There may be some transition to new technologies, mainly to supplement the standard STRs. SNPs will be widely used in medical and agricultural research, so there will be many opportunities to carry these over for forensic purposes. Within 10 years we expect portable, miniaturized instrumentation that will provide analysis at the crime scene with computer-linked remote analysis. Although this report looks to the future, we emphasize that current state-of-the-art DNA typing is such that the technology and statistical methods are accurate and reproducible. STRs have proved to be very satisfactory for forensic use and are being rapidly adopted by forensic laboratories. The difficulty and expense of changing well-established and reliable procedures will inhibit changes to other systems. For this reason, we believe that STRs will be the predominant procedure during the next decade. Methods of automation, increasing the speed and output and reliability of STR methods, will continue. In particular we expect that portable, miniature chips will make possible the analysis of DNA directly at the crime scene. Techniques for handling minute amounts of DNA or DNA that is badly degraded will become much better. In particular, mitochondrial DNA will probably play an increasing role in such difficult cases. Databases of DNA profiles of convicted felons will be extensive and coordinated throughout the States. International comparisons will be feasible and increasingly common. In the future, it is likely that an increasing number of suspects will be identified by database searches. The statistical interpretation is difficult, particularly if future databases include representatives of the population at large rather than convicted felons.