Tzijon K Cuentos Del Lago

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The Annals Of The Cakchiquels

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Author : Daniel G. Brinton
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1885

The Annals Of The Cakchiquels written by Daniel G. Brinton and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1885 with categories.

Grammars In Contact

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Author : Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald
language : en
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Release Date : 2007-01-04

Grammars In Contact written by Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald and has been published by OUP Oxford this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-01-04 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.

Languages can be similar in many ways - they can resemble each other in categories, constructions and meanings, and in the actual forms used to express these. A shared feature may be based on common genetic origin, or result from geographic proximity and borrowing. Some aspects of grammar are spread more readily than others. The question is - which are they? When languages are in contact with each other, what changes do we expect to occur in their grammatical structures? Only an inductively based cross-linguistic examination can provide an answer. This is what this volume is about. The book starts with a typological introduction outlining principles of contact-induced change and factors which facilitate diffusion of linguistic traits. It is followed by twelve studies of contact-induced changes in languages from Amazonia, East and West Africa, Australia, East Timor, and the Sinitic domain. Set alongside these are studies of Pennsylvania German spoken by Mennonites in Canada in contact with English, Basque in contact with Romance languages in Spain and France, and language contact in the Balkans. All the studies are based on intensive fieldwork, and each cast in terms of the typological parameters set out in the introduction. The book includes a glossary to facilitate its use by graduates and advanced undergraduates in linguistics and in disciplines such as anthropology.

Grammatical Borrowing In Cross Linguistic Perspective

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Author : Yaron Matras
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter
Release Date : 2008-08-27

Grammatical Borrowing In Cross Linguistic Perspective written by Yaron Matras and has been published by Walter de Gruyter this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-08-27 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.

The book contains 30 descriptive chapters dealing with a specific language contact situation. The chapters follow a uniform organisation format, being the narrative version of a standard comprehensive questionnaire previously distributed to all authors. The questionnaire targets systematically the possibility of contact influence / grammatical borrowing in a full range of categories. The uniform structure facilitates a comparison among the chapters and the languages covered. The introduction describes the setup of the questionnaire and the methodology of the approach, along with a survey of the difficulties of sampling in contact linguistics. Two evaluative chapters, each authored by one of the co-editors, draws general conclusions from the volume as a whole (one in relation to borrowed grammatical categories and meaningful hierarchies, the other in relation to the distribution of Matter and Pattern replication).

Areal Diffusion And Genetic Inheritance

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Author : Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald
language : en
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Release Date : 2006-03-02

Areal Diffusion And Genetic Inheritance written by Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald and has been published by OUP Oxford this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-03-02 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.

Two languages can resemble each other in the categories, constructions, and types of meaning they use; and in the forms they employ to express these. Such resemblances may be the consequence of universal characteristics of language, of chance or coincidence, of the borrowing by one language of another's words, or of the diffusion of grammatical, phonetic, and phonological characteristics that takes place when languages come into contact. Languages sometimes show likeness because they have borrowed not from each other but from a third language. Languages that come from the same ancestor may have similar grammatical categories and meanings expressed by similar forms: such languages are said to be genetically affiliated. This book considers how and why forms and meanings of different languages at different times may resemble one another. Its editors and authors aim (a) to explain and identify the relationship between areal diffusion and the genetic development of languages, and (b) to discover the means of distinguishing what may cause one language to share the characteristics of another. The introduction outlines the issues that underlie these aims, introduces the chapters which follow, and comments on recurrent conclusions by the contributors. The problems are formidable and the pitfalls numerous: for example, several of the authors draw attention to the inadequacy of the family tree diagram as the main metaphor for language relationship. The authors range over Ancient Anatolia, Modern Anatolia, Australia, Amazonia, Oceania, Southeast and East Asia, and Sub-Saharan Africa. The book includes an archaeologist's view on what material evidence offers to explain cultural and linguistic change, and a general discussion of which kinds of linguistic feature can and cannot be borrowed. The chapters are accessibly-written and illustrated by twenty maps. The book will interest all students of the causes and consequences of language change and evolution.

La Tz Aw Ch

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Author : R. McKenna Brown
language : en
Publisher: University of Texas Press
Release Date : 2010-06-28

La Tz Aw Ch written by R. McKenna Brown and has been published by University of Texas Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-06-28 with Foreign Language Study categories.

Kaqchikel is one of approximately thirty Mayan languages spoken in Belize, Guatemala, Mexico, and, increasingly, the United States. Of the twenty-two Mayan languages spoken in Guatemala, Kaqchikel is one of the four "mayoritarios," those with the largest number of speakers. About half a million people living in the central highlands between Guatemala City and Lake Atitlán speak Kaqchikel. And because native Kaqchikel speakers are prominent in the field of Mayan linguistics, as well as in Mayan cultural activism generally, Kaqchikel has been adopted as a Mayan lingua franca in some circles. This innovative language-learning guide is designed to help students, scholars, and professionals in many fields who work with Kaqchikel speakers, in both Guatemala and the United States, quickly develop basic communication skills. The book will familiarize learners with the words, phrases, and structures used in daily communications, presented in as natural a way as possible, and in a logical sequence. Six chapters introduce the language in context (greetings, the classroom, people, the family, food, and life) followed by exercises and short essays on aspects of Kaqchikel life. A grammar summary provides in-depth linguistic analysis of Kaqchikel, and a glossary supports vocabulary learning from both Kaqchikel to English and English to Kaqchikel. These resources, along with sound files and other media on the Internet at ekaq.stonecenter.tulane.edu, will allow learners to develop proficiency in all five major language skills—listening comprehension, speaking, reading, writing, and sociocultural understanding.

A Grammar Of Mam A Mayan Language

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Author : Nora C. England
language : en
Publisher: University of Texas Press
Release Date : 2014-02-19

A Grammar Of Mam A Mayan Language written by Nora C. England and has been published by University of Texas Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-02-19 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.

This is the first full-length reference grammar of Mam, a Mayan language spoken today by over 400,000 people in the western highlands of Guatemala and the state of Chiapas, Mexico. The result of over three years of extensive fieldwork in Guatemala, A Grammar of Mam, a Mayan Language is based on the dialect of Mam spoken by 12,000 people in San Ildefonso Ixtahuacan in the department of Huehuetenango, Guatemala. England organizes A Grammar of Mam according to two complementary principles: to analyze Mam following basically traditional levels of grammatical description and to present material in such a way that the background information necessary for understanding each topic of discussion shall have been previously provided. Accordingly, England's analysis of the sound system and morphophonemic processes of Mam is followed by a description of the characteristics of root, inflectional, and derivational morphology. Chapters on phrase structure precede two chapters on sentence-level syntax. A Grammar of Mam is of particular interest in analyzing a Mayan language that is both syntactically and morphologically ergative and that is innovative in the direction of strengthening the ergative system. Indeed at all levels of linguistic organization Mam is innovative, and for this reason it is uniquely interesting both historically and theoretically.

The Evolution Of Grammar

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Author : Joan Bybee
language : en
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Release Date : 1994-11-15

The Evolution Of Grammar written by Joan Bybee and has been published by University of Chicago Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994-11-15 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.

Joan Bybee and her colleagues present a new theory of the evolution of grammar that links structure and meaning in a way that directly challenges most contemporary versions of generative grammar. This study focuses on the use and meaning of grammatical markers of tense, aspect, and modality and identifies a universal set of grammatical categories. The authors demonstrate that the semantic content of these categories evolves gradually and that this process of evolution is strikingly similar across unrelated languages. Through a survey of seventy-six languages in twenty-five different phyla, the authors show that the same paths of change occur universally and that movement along these paths is in one direction only. This analysis reveals that lexical substance evolves into grammatical substance through various mechanisms of change, such as metaphorical extension and the conventionalization of implicature. Grammaticization is always accompanied by an increase in frequency of the grammatical marker, providing clear evidence that language use is a major factor in the evolution of synchronic language states. The Evolution of Grammar has important implications for the development of language and for the study of cognitive processes in general.

The Mayan Languages

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Author : Judith Aissen
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 2017-05-12

The Mayan Languages written by Judith Aissen and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-05-12 with Foreign Language Study categories.

The Mayan Languages presents a comprehensive survey of the language family associated with the Classic Mayan civilization (AD 200–900), a family whose individual languages are still spoken today by at least six million indigenous Maya in Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, and Honduras. This unique resource is an ideal reference for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students of Mayan languages and linguistics. Written by a team of experts in the field, The Mayan Languages presents in-depth accounts of the linguistic features that characterize the thirty-one languages of the family, their historical evolution, and the social context in which they are spoken. The Mayan Languages: provides detailed grammatical sketches of approximately a third of the Mayan languages, representing most of the branches of the family; includes a section on the historical development of the family, as well as an entirely new sketch of the grammar of "Classic Maya" as represented in the hieroglyphic script; provides detailed state-of-the-art discussions of the principal advances in grammatical analysis of Mayan languages; includes ample discussion of the use of the languages in social, conversational, and poetic contexts. Consisting of topical chapters on the history, sociolinguistics, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, discourse structure, and acquisition of the Mayan languages, this book will be a resource for researchers and other readers with an interest in historical linguistics, linguistic anthropology, language acquisition, and linguistic typology.

Itzaj Maya Grammar

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Author : Charles Andrew Hofling
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2000

Itzaj Maya Grammar written by Charles Andrew Hofling and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Foreign Language Study categories.

The Itzaj Maya language is member of a the Yukatekan Maya language family spoken in the lands of Guatemala, Mexico, and Belize, a family that includes Maya, Mopan, and Lakantun. Many Classic Maya hieroglyphic texts were written in an earlier form of these languages, as were many important colonial documents. In addition to being a valuable record of an ancient language, Andrew Hofling's Itzaj Maya Grammar contributes greatly to the study of these older documents. This exemplary grammar completes a basic documentation that began with Itzaj Maya Texts and Itzaj Maya-Spanish-English Dictionary. Its coverage of the linguistic structures of Itzaj includes the phonological, morphophonological, and syntactic structures. Each morphological and grammatical construction is carefully explained, with additional examples of each construction included. Itzaj Maya Grammar is a landmark contribution to the study of discourse in Maya languages. When used with Hofling's previous texts, it provides a thoroughly dynamic documentation of the language, useful to all interested in the study of Yukatekan languages or linguistics.

Chol Texts On The Supernatural

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Author : Arabelle Whittaker
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1965

Chol Texts On The Supernatural written by Arabelle Whittaker and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1965 with Social Science categories.