Unequal Growth
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Unequal Gains
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Author : Peter H. Lindert
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2017-12-05
Unequal Gains written by Peter H. Lindert and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-12-05 with Business & Economics categories.
A book that rewrites the history of American prosperity and inequality Unequal Gains offers a radically new understanding of the economic evolution of the United States, providing a complete picture of the uneven progress of America from colonial times to today. While other economic historians base their accounts on American wealth, Peter Lindert and Jeffrey Williamson focus instead on income—and the result is a bold reassessment of the American economic experience. America has been exceptional in its rising inequality after an egalitarian start, but not in its long-run growth. America had already achieved world income leadership by 1700, not just in the twentieth century as is commonly thought. Long before independence, American colonists enjoyed higher living standards than Britain—and America's income advantage today is no greater than it was three hundred years ago. But that advantage was lost during the Revolution, lost again during the Civil War, and lost a third time during the Great Depression, though it was regained after each crisis. In addition, Lindert and Williamson show how income inequality among Americans rose steeply in two great waves—from 1774 to 1860 and from the 1970s to today—rising more than in any other wealthy nation in the world. Unequal Gains also demonstrates how the widening income gaps have always touched every social group, from the richest to the poorest. The book sheds critical light on the forces that shaped American income history, and situates that history in a broad global context. Economic writing at its most stimulating, Unequal Gains provides a vitally needed perspective on who has benefited most from American growth, and why.
Unequal Opportunity Unequal Growth
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Author : Gustavo A. Marrero
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Unequal Opportunity Unequal Growth written by Gustavo A. Marrero and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with Economic development categories.
This paper argues that inequality can be both good and bad for growth, depending on what inequality and whose growth. Unequal societies may be holding back one segment of the population while helping another. Similarly, high levels of income inequality may be due to a variety of different factors; some of these may be good while others may be bad for growth. The paper tests this hypothesis by "unpacking" both inequality and growth. Total inequality is decomposed into inequality of opportunity, due to observed factors that are beyond the individual's control, and residual inequality. Growth is measured at different steps of the income ladder to verify whether low, middle, and top income households fare differently in societies with high (low) levels of inequality. In an application to the United States covering 1960 to 2010, the paper finds that inequality of opportunity is particularly bad for growth of the poor. When inequality of opportunity is controlled for, the importance of total income inequality is dramatically reduced. These results are robust to different measures of inequality of opportunity and econometric methods.
Redistribution Inequality And Growth
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Author : Mr.Jonathan David Ostry
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2014-02-17
Redistribution Inequality And Growth written by Mr.Jonathan David Ostry and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-02-17 with Business & Economics categories.
The Fund has recognized in recent years that one cannot separate issues of economic growth and stability on one hand and equality on the other. Indeed, there is a strong case for considering inequality and an inability to sustain economic growth as two sides of the same coin. Central to the Fund’s mandate is providing advice that will enable members’ economies to grow on a sustained basis. But the Fund has rightly been cautious about recommending the use of redistributive policies given that such policies may themselves undercut economic efficiency and the prospects for sustained growth (the so-called “leaky bucket” hypothesis written about by the famous Yale economist Arthur Okun in the 1970s). This SDN follows up the previous SDN on inequality and growth by focusing on the role of redistribution. It finds that, from the perspective of the best available macroeconomic data, there is not a lot of evidence that redistribution has in fact undercut economic growth (except in extreme cases). One should be careful not to assume therefore—as Okun and others have—that there is a big tradeoff between redistribution and growth. The best available macroeconomic data do not support such a conclusion.
Human Development In An Unequal World
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Author : K. Seeta Prabhu
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2019-01-04
Human Development In An Unequal World written by K. Seeta Prabhu and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-01-04 with Business & Economics categories.
Human Development in an Unequal World deals with the twenty-first-century challenges of unstable economic growth and sustainability and the re-emergence of deprivations and inequalities in multiple realms. It argues that the broader perspective of human development is most suited in reorienting development towards a more equitable, sustainable, and empowering world. The authors discuss the concept and philosophy of the capabilities and human development approach, its measurement, the links between economic growth and human development, and the role of social sector policy, gender equality, and securing sustainability. In doing so, they analyse frameworks, processes, institutions, and actors, and weave together concepts, methods, and evidence from numerous developing countries. The chapters offer an integrated understanding of the importance of capabilities, freedoms, and human flourishing in the process of development. This volume calls for an approach that focuses on the humanness of development and brings people back to the centre stage—a phenomenon that has receded to the background in the neoliberal era.
Unequal Development And Capitalism
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Author : Adalmir Antonio Marquetti
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 2024-06-03
Unequal Development And Capitalism written by Adalmir Antonio Marquetti and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-06-03 with Business & Economics categories.
Unequal development has been a defining characteristic of capitalism. Throughout history, countries and regions have exhibited differences in labor productivity growth – a key determinant in poverty reduction and development – and although some nations may catch up with the productivity levels or well-being of developed economies at times, others fall behind. This book explores these processes of catching up and falling behind of developing countries from Asia, Latin America, Central and Eastern Europe, and Africa in relation to the US economy from 1970 to 2019. The research presented in this book integrates a historical interpretation of post-World War II capitalism with economic theory and empirical analysis. By exploring the historical experiences of these countries, the book provides an overview of their economic transformations. The interplay between technical change, profit rate and capital accumulation, on one hand, and institutional change, on the other, are combined to explain the dynamics of catching up or falling behind in labor and capital productivities. Furthermore, the book provides, from the perspective of developing countries, fundamental lessons for the implementation of successful strategies for catching up and development. This book is a major resource for readers interested in economic growth and development, heterodox macroeconomics, development economics, and related areas.
Growth With Inequality
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Author : Jinjun Xue
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2012
Growth With Inequality written by Jinjun Xue and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Business & Economics categories.
In the era of globalization and liberalization, the world is enjoying high growth as well as suffering from the ill-effects of unequal distribution of its economic outcomes. The activities of anti-government demonstrations in China and across the world via the Occupy Wall Street Movement highlight that inequality has become an international phenomenon. It is apparent in both poor countries under authoritarianism and rich countries governed by a democratic regime. Thus, inequality has become not only a hurdle to development but also a threat to social and political stability. The spread of the Jasmine Revolution across parts of North Africa and the Arab Spring are illustrative of what can happen under certain circumstances.This book confirms the inconsistencies between high growth and increasing inequality via a series of case studies across 11 countries, numerous regions, and OECD members. Many of the case studies draw upon original household surveys. Our findings indicate the seriousness of income inequality, explore factors that have caused the inequality and analyze their economic and social consequences.The book raises, and deals with, three key questions: (1) Can high growth reduce inequality gradually? (2) Can government intervention be effective in equalizing income distribution? (3) Is the income disparity an engine for, or an obstacle of, high growth?
Economic Growth And Income Disparity In Bric
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Author : Monica Das
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2013
Economic Growth And Income Disparity In Bric written by Monica Das and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Business & Economics categories.
It is not necessarily true that such income transfers would invariably reduce growth rates. The relationship between economic growth and income inequality depends on certain initial conditions. For instance, if the initial distribution of income is fairly unequal, growth induces greater equality. On the other hand, at high levels of per capita incomes, growth may raise inequality if the initial level of inequality is not very high. This brings a new dimension in the "inverted-U hypothesis." Based on econometric modeling of growth-inequality nexus, the book examines the patterns of growth and economic disparities in BRIC countries over long periods of time, including the recent high growth phase. Two inequality measures applied in this study are Gini coefficient and Theil's entropy measures, depending on data availability. Attempts have been made to identify the sources of inequality and the role of initial conditions in determining the patterns of development.
Growth Inequality And Poverty
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Author : Martin Ravallion
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2001
Growth Inequality And Poverty written by Martin Ravallion and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with Bienestar economico y social categories.
One side in the current debate about who benefits from growth has focused solely on average impacts on poverty and inequality, while the other side has focused on the diverse welfare impacts found beneath the averages. Both sides have a point.
80 20
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Author : Tony Daly
language : en
Publisher: New Internationalist
Release Date : 2016-10-17
80 20 written by Tony Daly and has been published by New Internationalist this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-10-17 with Social Science categories.
A development education resource designed and written by an international group of authors and educationalists. It explores inequalities and injustices in an accessible and understandable fashion, with infographics, figures, graphs, photographs and cartoons. Now in its seventh edition, it is extensively used in universities, schools, adult and youth groups and NGOs. Tony Daly is co-ordinator of Irish development education and human rights organisation 80:20 Educating and Acting for a Better World and project manager for an NGO consortium website www.developmenteducation.ie. Previously, he led a pilot project advancing a human rights approach to community development with the British Institute for Human Rights, London and has been directly engaged in human rights education, development education, curriculum reform and research projects in Ireland, Northern Ireland, the United Kingdom and Australia for over 15 years. He holds degrees from University College Dublin and University College London. Ciara Regan is education consultant to 80:20 Educating and Acting for a Better World. Since 2010 she has worked directly on the developmenteducation.ie website and has researched and published in the area of women and development in the context of HIV and AIDS in Zambia. She has worked on community art projects in Lusaka, Zambia and across Dublin on a wide range of issues such as public accountability, women’s rights, diversity and interculturalism. She holds degrees from NUI Galway and Birkbeck, University of London. Colm Regan initiated and, for many years edited 80:20 Development in an Unequal World – the reader is now widely used internationally, particularly in Africa. He is former co-ordinator of 80:20 in Ireland and has been professionally active for over 40 years in education for human rights, justice and human development – subjects he has written extensively on. In this context, he has worked in development education in Ireland, the UK, Australia, Ethiopia, Rwanda, Brazil and Zambia. He holds post graduate degrees from Simon Fraser University, Vancouver and McGill University, Montreal and now lives, writes and teaches in Gozo, Malta.
Growing Unequal Income Distribution And Poverty In Oecd Countries
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Author : OECD
language : en
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Release Date : 2008-10-21
Growing Unequal Income Distribution And Poverty In Oecd Countries written by OECD and has been published by OECD Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-10-21 with categories.
This report provides evidence of a fairly generalised increase in income inequality over the past two decades across OECD countries, but the timing, intensity and causes of the increase differ from what is typically suggested in the media.