Universalizaci N E Historia
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The Success Of Open Source
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Author : Steve WEBER
language : en
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Release Date : 2009-06-30
The Success Of Open Source written by Steve WEBER and has been published by Harvard University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-06-30 with Computers categories.
Much of the innovative programming that powers the Internet, creates operating systems, and produces software is the result of "open source" code, that is, code that is freely distributed--as opposed to being kept secret--by those who write it. Leaving source code open has generated some of the most sophisticated developments in computer technology, including, most notably, Linux and Apache, which pose a significant challenge to Microsoft in the marketplace. As Steven Weber discusses, open source's success in a highly competitive industry has subverted many assumptions about how businesses are run, and how intellectual products are created and protected. Traditionally, intellectual property law has allowed companies to control knowledge and has guarded the rights of the innovator, at the expense of industry-wide cooperation. In turn, engineers of new software code are richly rewarded; but, as Weber shows, in spite of the conventional wisdom that innovation is driven by the promise of individual and corporate wealth, ensuring the free distribution of code among computer programmers can empower a more effective process for building intellectual products. In the case of Open Source, independent programmers--sometimes hundreds or thousands of them--make unpaid contributions to software that develops organically, through trial and error. Weber argues that the success of open source is not a freakish exception to economic principles. The open source community is guided by standards, rules, decisionmaking procedures, and sanctioning mechanisms. Weber explains the political and economic dynamics of this mysterious but important market development. Table of Contents: Preface 1. Property and the Problem of Software 2. The Early History of Open Source 3. What Is Open Source and How Does It Work? 4. A Maturing Model of Production 5. Explaining Open Source: Microfoundations 6. Explaining Open Source: Macro-Organization 7. Business Models and the Law 8. The Code That Changed the World? Notes Index Reviews of this book: In the world of open-source software, true believers can be a fervent bunch. Linux, for example, may act as a credo as well as an operating system. But there is much substance beyond zealotry, says Steven Weber, the author of The Success of Open Source...An open-source operating system offers its source code up to be played with, extended, debugged, and otherwise tweaked in an orgy of user collaboration. The author traces the roots of that ethos and process in the early years of computers...He also analyzes the interface between open source and the worlds of business and law, as well as wider issues in the clash between hierarchical structures and networks, a subject with relevance beyond the software industry to the war on terrorism. --Nina C. Ayoub, Chronicle of Higher Education Reviews of this book: A valuable new account of the [open-source software] movement. --Edward Rothstein, New York Times We can blindly continue to develop, reward, protect, and organize around knowledge assets on the comfortable assumption that their traditional property rights remain inviolate. Or we can listen to Steven Weber and begin to make our peace with the uncomfortable fact that the very foundations of our familiar "knowledge as property" world have irrevocably shifted. --Alan Kantrow, Chief Knowledge Officer, Monitor Group Ever since the invention of agriculture, human beings have had only three social-engineering tools for organizing any large-scale division of labor: markets (and the carrots of material benefits they offer), hierarchies (and the sticks of punishment they impose), and charisma (and the promises of rapture they offer). Now there is the possibility of a fourth mode of effective social organization--one that we perhaps see in embryo in the creation and maintenance of open-source software. My Berkeley colleague Steven Weber's book is a brilliant exploration of this fascinating topic. --J. Bradford DeLong, Department of Economics, University of California at Berkeley Steven Weber has produced a significant, insightful book that is both smart and important. The most impressive achievement of this volume is that Weber has spent the time to learn and think about the technological, sociological, business, and legal perspectives related to open source. The Success of Open Source is timely and more thought provoking than almost anything I've come across in the past several years. It deserves careful reading by a wide audience. --Jonathan Aronson, Annenberg School for Communication, University of Southern California
The Confidantes
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Author : Angelina Muñiz-Huberman
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009
The Confidantes written by Angelina Muñiz-Huberman and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Fiction categories.
One day two women gather to tell stories. As the stories take life, the two women become their characters. A day and night of telling builds into a crescendo of unimaginable truth where the boundaries between story, fable, and myth evaporate like breath and words. Personal memories and nighttime dreams are woven into romances and exotic yarns from Casablanca to Catalunya. Plumbing the depths of human sentiment and existence, the confidantes lead us into veiled pathways rarely traveled. Angelina Muniz-Huberman's writing is lyrical and alluring, and Andrea Labinger's translation preserves the magic.
Violations
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Author : Psiche Hughes
language : en
Publisher: U of Nebraska Press
Release Date : 2004-01-01
Violations written by Psiche Hughes and has been published by U of Nebraska Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-01-01 with Fiction categories.
A collection of stories reflects the transformation of the literature of love in Latin America, as well as a change in the role and nature of women, breaking social, religious, political, and sexual barriers in fiction in works by Elena Poniatowska, Ana María Shua, Luisa Valenzuela, Carmen Boullosa, Fanny Buitrago, and other notable women writers. Simultaneous.
Subversive Silences
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Author : Helene Carol Weldt-Basson
language : en
Publisher: Associated University Presse
Release Date : 2009
Subversive Silences written by Helene Carol Weldt-Basson and has been published by Associated University Presse this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Literary Criticism categories.
Weldt-Basson (Spanish, Wayne State U.) investigates how seven Latin American women writers of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries have used the concept of submissive silence in their works as a sign of women's rebellion against the passive silence imposed by patriarchy. Using different theoretical perspectives in each chapter, she demonstrates how Marta Brunet, Maria Luisa Bombal, Rosario Castellanos, Isabel Allende, Rosario Ferre, Laura Esquivel, and Sandra Cisneros have used silence thematically and stylistically through hyperbole, coding, irony, parody, and cultural symbol and how silence reflects different time periods and countries.
Performing Glam Rock
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Author : Philip Auslander
language : en
Publisher: University of Michigan Press
Release Date : 2006
Performing Glam Rock written by Philip Auslander and has been published by University of Michigan Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Music categories.
Explores the many ways glam rock paved the way for new explorations of identity in terms of gender, sexuality, and performance
The Financialization Of Housing
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Author : Manuel B. Aalbers
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2016-05-05
The Financialization Of Housing written by Manuel B. Aalbers and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-05-05 with Business & Economics categories.
Due to the financialization of housing in today’s market, housing risks are increasingly becoming financial risks. Financialization refers to the increasing dominance of financial actors, markets, practices, measurements and narratives. It also refers to the resulting structural transformation of economies, firms, states and households. This book asserts the centrality of housing to the contemporary capitalist political economy and places housing at the centre of the financialization debate. A global wall of money is looking for High-Quality Collateral (HQC) investments, and housing is one of the few asset classes considered HQC. This explains why housing is increasingly becoming financialized, but it does not explain its timing, politics and geography. Presenting a diverse range of case studies from the US, the UK, the Netherlands, Germany, Italy and Spain, the chapters in this book include coverage of the role of the state as the driver of financialization processes, and the part played by local and national histories and institutions. This cutting edge volume will pave the way for future research in the area. Where housing used to be something "local" or "national", the two-way coupling of housing to finance has been one crucial element in the recent crisis. It is time to reconsider the financialization of both homeownership and social housing. This book will be of interest to those who study international economics, economic geography and financialization.
Water Rights Reform
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Author : Bryan Randolph Bruns
language : en
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Release Date : 2005-01-01
Water Rights Reform written by Bryan Randolph Bruns and has been published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-01-01 with Law categories.
"Rights to water are increasingly crucial and increasingly contested across theglobe. Urbanization, industrialization, environmental degradation, agriculturalintensification, rising per capita water use, increasing population, andother social, political, and economic transformations contribute to growing scarcity and demand for better management of water resources. In responding to these challenges, the world can draw on a rich heritage of institutions for regulating rights to water and resolving disputes, and a diversity of institutional arrangements that demonstrate great ingenuity in designing solutions to fit the conditions and priorities of various river basins. However, policy discussion in water management has often been impoverished by narrow polarization around a few idealized models of centrally integrated management or water commoditization, even though these comprise only a small and very incomplete subset of the institutional options available for effective management. The authors in this book expand the range of reflection and analysis of water rights reforms, offering insights aimed especially at those seeking practical pathways to improve equity, efficiency, and sustainability in access to water."
Spain 1908 1975
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Author : Raymond Carr
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Release Date : 1983
Spain 1908 1975 written by Raymond Carr and has been published by Oxford University Press, USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1983 with categories.
A history of Spain between the years 1808 and 1975.
Television Histories
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Author : Gary R. Edgerton
language : en
Publisher: University Press of Kentucky
Release Date : 2014-10-17
Television Histories written by Gary R. Edgerton and has been published by University Press of Kentucky this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-10-17 with Performing Arts categories.
From Ken Burns's documentaries to historical dramas such as Roots, from A&E's Biography series to CNN, television has become the primary source for historical information for tens of millions of Americans today. Why has television become such a respected authority? What falsehoods enter our collective memory as truths? How is one to know what is real and what is imagined -- or ignored -- by producers, directors, or writers? Gary Edgerton and Peter Rollins have collected a group of essays that answer these and many other questions. The contributors examine the full spectrum of historical genres, but also institutions such as the History Channel and production histories of such series as The Jack Benny Show, which ran for fifteen years. The authors explore the tensions between popular history and professional history, and the tendency of some academics to declare the past "off limits" to nonscholars. Several of them point to the tendency for television histories to embed current concerns and priorities within the past, as in such popular shows as Quantum Leap and Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman. The result is an insightful portrayal of the power television possesses to influence our culture.
The New Social Question
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Author : Pierre Rosanvallon
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2024-04-16
The New Social Question written by Pierre Rosanvallon and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-04-16 with Philosophy categories.
How social and intellectual changes undermine our justifications for the welfare state The welfare state has come under severe pressure internationally, partly for the well-known reasons of slowing economic growth and declining confidence in the public sector. According to the influential social theorist Pierre Rosanvallon, however, there is also a deeper and less familiar reason for the crisis of the welfare state. He shows here that a fundamental practical and philosophical justification for traditional welfare policies—that all citizens share equal risks—has been undermined by social and intellectual change. If we wish to achieve the goals of social solidarity and civic equality for which the welfare state was founded, Rosanvallon argues, we must radically rethink social programs. Rosanvallon begins by tracing the history of the welfare state and its founding premise that risks, especially the risks of illness and unemployment, are equally distributed and unpredictable. He shows that this idea has become untenable because of economic diversification and advances in statistical and risk analysis. It is truer than ever before—and far more susceptible to analysis—that some individuals will face much greater risks than others because of their jobs and lifestyle choices. Rosanvallon argues that social policies must be more narrowly targeted. And he draws on evidence from around the world, in particular France and the United States, to show that such programs as unemployment insurance and workfare could better reflect individual needs by, for example, making more explicit use of contracts between the providers and receivers of benefits. His arguments have broad implications for welfare programs everywhere and for our understanding of citizenship in modern democracies and economies.