Ver Ffentlichungen Des Allgemeinen Vereins F R Deutsche Literatur
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Paper Machines
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Author : Markus Krajewski
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2011-08-19
Paper Machines written by Markus Krajewski and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-08-19 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
Why the card catalog—a “paper machine” with rearrangeable elements—can be regarded as a precursor of the computer. Today on almost every desk in every office sits a computer. Eighty years ago, desktops were equipped with a nonelectronic data processing machine: a card file. In Paper Machines, Markus Krajewski traces the evolution of this proto-computer of rearrangeable parts (file cards) that became ubiquitous in offices between the world wars. The story begins with Konrad Gessner, a sixteenth-century Swiss polymath who described a new method of processing data: to cut up a sheet of handwritten notes into slips of paper, with one fact or topic per slip, and arrange as desired. In the late eighteenth century, the card catalog became the librarian's answer to the threat of information overload. Then, at the turn of the twentieth century, business adopted the technology of the card catalog as a bookkeeping tool. Krajewski explores this conceptual development and casts the card file as a “universal paper machine” that accomplishes the basic operations of Turing's universal discrete machine: storing, processing, and transferring data. In telling his story, Krajewski takes the reader on a number of illuminating detours, telling us, for example, that the card catalog and the numbered street address emerged at the same time in the same city (Vienna), and that Harvard University's home-grown cataloging system grew out of a librarian's laziness; and that Melvil Dewey (originator of the Dewey Decimal System) helped bring about the technology transfer of card files to business.
Bibliotheca Rerum Germanicarum
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Author : Philipp Jaffe
language : en
Publisher: Arkose Press
Release Date : 2015-10
Bibliotheca Rerum Germanicarum written by Philipp Jaffe and has been published by Arkose Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-10 with categories.
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Elizabeth Electress Palatine And Queen Of Bohemia
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Author : Mary Anne Everett Green
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1909
Elizabeth Electress Palatine And Queen Of Bohemia written by Mary Anne Everett Green and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1909 with Palatinate (Germany) categories.
A Catalogue Of Incipits Of Mediaeval Scientific Writings In Latin
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Author : Lynn Thorndike
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1965
A Catalogue Of Incipits Of Mediaeval Scientific Writings In Latin written by Lynn Thorndike and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1965 with Incipits categories.
A Lithuanian Bibliography
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Author : Adam Kantautas
language : en
Publisher: University of Alberta
Release Date : 1975
A Lithuanian Bibliography written by Adam Kantautas and has been published by University of Alberta this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1975 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
An all-inclusive list of books pertaining to Lithuania held by libraries of the United States and Canada. Subjects covered in the two-volume set include geography, geology, legislation, censuses, diplomacy and foreign relations, social structure, culture, the economy, religion and many others.
A Collection Of Original Royal Letters
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Author : George Bromley
language : en
Publisher: Palala Press
Release Date : 2018-02-16
A Collection Of Original Royal Letters written by George Bromley and has been published by Palala Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-02-16 with Biography & Autobiography categories.
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
All The Shah S Men
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Author : Stephen Kinzer
language : en
Publisher: Wiley
Release Date : 2004-08-12
All The Shah S Men written by Stephen Kinzer and has been published by Wiley this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-08-12 with History categories.
This is the first full-length account of the CIA's coup d'etat in Iran in 1953—a covert operation whose consequences are still with us today. Written by a noted New York Times journalist, this book is based on documents about the coup (including some lengthy internal CIA reports) that have now been declassified. Stephen Kinzer's compelling narrative is at once a vital piece of history, a cautionary tale, and a real-life espionage thriller.
The Plans That Failed
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Author : André Steiner
language : en
Publisher: Berghahn Books
Release Date : 2013-08-01
The Plans That Failed written by André Steiner and has been published by Berghahn Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-08-01 with History categories.
The establishment of the Communist social model in one part of Germany was a result of international postwar developments, of the Cold War waged by East and West, and of the resultant partition of Germany. As the author argues, the GDR's 'new' society was deliberately conceived as a counter-model to the liberal and marketregulated system. Although the hopes connected with this alternative system turned out to be misplaced and the planned economy may be thoroughly discredited today, it is important to understand the context in which it developed and failed. This study, a bestseller in its German version, offers an in-depth exploration of the GDR economy's starting conditions and the obstacles to growth it confronted during the consolidation phase. These factors, however, were not decisive in the GDR's lack of growth compared to that of the Federal Republic. As this study convincingly shows, it was the economic model that led to failure.
Pfingstbl Tter
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Author : Hansischer Geschichtsverein (Lübeck, Germany)
language : de
Publisher:
Release Date : 1905
Pfingstbl Tter written by Hansischer Geschichtsverein (Lübeck, Germany) and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1905 with categories.
Communist Parties Revisited
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Author : Rüdiger Bergien
language : en
Publisher: Berghahn Books
Release Date : 2018-01-31
Communist Parties Revisited written by Rüdiger Bergien and has been published by Berghahn Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-01-31 with History categories.
The ruling communist parties of the postwar Soviet Bloc possessed nearly unprecedented power to shape every level of society; perhaps in part because of this, they have been routinely depicted as monolithic, austere, and even opaque institutions. Communist Parties Revisited takes a markedly different approach, investigating everyday life within basic organizations to illuminate the inner workings of Eastern Bloc parties. Ranging across national and transnational contexts, the contributions assembled here reconstruct the rituals of party meetings, functionaries’ informal practices, intra-party power struggles, and the social production of ideology to give a detailed account of state socialist policymaking on a micro-historical scale.