Driven by the declining price of facts assortment, storage, and processing fueled by new on the web and true-planet sources of facts, such as sensors, cameras, and geospatial systems and analyzed working with a suite of resourceful and highly effective new methods, massive facts is basically reshaping how Americans and folks all over the planet dwell, do the job, and converse. It is enabling critical discoveries and…
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Author : Executive Office of the President
Genre : Political Science
Summary : Since the first censuses were taken and crop yields recorded in ancient times, data collection and analysis have been essential to improving the functioning of society. Foundational work in calculus, probability theory, and statistics in the 17th and 18th centuries provided an array of new tools used by scientists to more precisely predict the movements of the sun and stars and determine population-wide rates of crime, marriage, and suicide. These tools often led to stunning advances. In the 1800s, Dr. John Snow used early modern data science to map cholera “clusters” in London. By tracing to a contaminated public well a disease that was widely thought to be caused by “miasmatic” air, Snow helped lay the foundation for the germ theory of disease.Gleaning insights from data to boost economic activity also took hold in American industry. Frederick Winslow Taylor's use of a stopwatch and a clipboard to analyze productivity at Midvale Steel Works in Pennsylvania increased output on the shop floor and fueled his belief that data science could revolutionize every aspect of life.2 In 1911, Taylor wrote The Principles of Scientific Management to answer President Theodore Roosevelt's call for increasing “national efficiency”: Today, data is more deeply woven into the fabric of our lives than ever before. We aspire to use data to solve problems, improve well-being, and generate economic prosperity. The collection, storage, and analysis of data is on an upward and seemingly unbounded trajectory, fueled by increases in processing power, the cratering costs of computation and storage, and the growing number of sensor technologies embedded in devices of all kinds. In 2011, some estimated the amount of information created and replicated would surpass 1.8 zettabytes. In 2013, estimates reached 4 zettabytes of data generated worldwide.
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Author : United States. Executive Office of the President
Genre : Big data
Summary : "On May 1, 2014, the White House released its big data and privacy report, entitled 'Big Data: Seizing Opportunities, Preserving Values.' The report is the result of a three-month review, which was led by White House counselor John Podesta and was first announced as part of the President's January speech on NSA reform. It primarily outlines the Administration's approach to open data and privacy, public- and private-sector management of data, and a proposed policy framework for big data, along with other recommendations concerning privacy values, educational innovation, big-data discrimination, law enforcement, and public-resource data."--Extracted from the National Law Review.
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Author : Lisa A. Martinelli
Genre : Medical
Summary : This ground-breaking book uses organizational ethics and stakeholder theory to explore the ethical accountability of leadership in healthcare organizations to their distinct vulnerable stakeholder communities. The book begins with a discussion of the moral agency of healthcare organizations and introduces stakeholder theory. It then looks at key ethical challenges in relation to the confidentiality and privacy of healthcare data, before turning to child health and interventions around issues such as obesity, maltreatment, and parenting. The book ends by focusing on ethics of care in relation to older people and people with disabilities. An insightful contribution to thinking about ethics for contemporary healthcare management and leadership, this interdisciplinary book is of interest to readers with a background in healthcare, business and management, law, bioethics, and theology.
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Author : National Research Council
Genre : Mathematics
Summary : As the availability of high-throughput data-collection technologies, such as information-sensing mobile devices, remote sensing, internet log records, and wireless sensor networks has grown, science, engineering, and business have rapidly transitioned from striving to develop information from scant data to a situation in which the challenge is now that the amount of information exceeds a human's ability to examine, let alone absorb, it. Data sets are increasingly complex, and this potentially increases the problems associated with such concerns as missing information and other quality concerns, data heterogeneity, and differing data formats. The nation's ability to make use of data depends heavily on the availability of a workforce that is properly trained and ready to tackle high-need areas. Training students to be capable in exploiting big data requires experience with statistical analysis, machine learning, and computational infrastructure that permits the real problems associated with massive data to be revealed and, ultimately, addressed. Analysis of big data requires cross-disciplinary skills, including the ability to make modeling decisions while balancing trade-offs between optimization and approximation, all while being attentive to useful metrics and system robustness. To develop those skills in students, it is important to identify whom to teach, that is, the educational background, experience, and characteristics of a prospective data-science student; what to teach, that is, the technical and practical content that should be taught to the student; and how to teach, that is, the structure and organization of a data-science program. Training Students to Extract Value from Big Data summarizes a workshop convened in April 2014 by the National Research Council's Committee on Applied and Theoretical Statistics to explore how best to train students to use big data. The workshop explored the need for training and curricula and coursework that should be included. One impetus for the workshop was the current fragmented view of what is meant by analysis of big data, data analytics, or data science. New graduate programs are introduced regularly, and they have their own notions of what is meant by those terms and, most important, of what students need to know to be proficient in data-intensive work. This report provides a variety of perspectives about those elements and about their integration into courses and curricula.
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Author : Matthew Longo
Genre : Political Science
Summary : Borders are changing in response to terrorism and immigration. This book shows why this matters, especially for sovereignty, individual liberty, and citizenship.
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Author : Reza Montasari
Genre : Computers
Summary : This book provides the most recent security, privacy, technical and legal challenges in the IoT environments. This book offers a wide range of theoretical and technical solutions to address these challenges. Topics covered in this book include; IoT, privacy, ethics and security, the use of machine learning algorithms in classifying malicious websites, investigation of cases involving cryptocurrency, the challenges police and law enforcement face in policing cyberspace, the use of the IoT in modern terrorism and violent extremism, the challenges of the IoT in view of industrial control systems, and the impact of social media platforms on radicalisation to terrorism and violent extremism. This book also focuses on the ethical design of the IoT and the large volumes of data being collected and processed in an attempt to understand individuals’ perceptions of data and trust. A particular emphasis is placed on data ownership and perceived rights online. It examines cyber security challenges associated with the IoT, by making use of Industrial Control Systems, using an example with practical real-time considerations. Furthermore, this book compares and analyses different machine learning techniques, i.e., Gaussian Process Classification, Decision Tree Classification, and Support Vector Classification, based on their ability to learn and detect the attributes of malicious web applications. The data is subjected to multiple steps of pre-processing including; data formatting, missing value replacement, scaling and principal component analysis. This book has a multidisciplinary approach. Researchers working within security, privacy, technical and legal challenges in the IoT environments and advanced-level students majoring in computer science will find this book useful as a reference. Professionals working within this related field will also want to purchase this book.
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Author : Leon Strous
Genre : Computers
Summary : This Festschrift, Unimagined Futures – ICT Opportunities and Challenges, is the first Festschrift in the IFIP AICT series. It examines key challenges facing the ICT community today. While addressing the contemporary challenges, the book provides the opportunity to look back to help understand the contemporary scene and identify appropriate future responses to them. Experts in different areas of the ICT scene have contributed to this IFIP 60th anniversary book, which will be a key input to the ICT community worldwide on setting policy priorities and agendas for the coming decade. In addition, a number of contributions look specifically at the role of professionals and of national, regional, and global organizations in disseminating the benefits of ICT to humanity worldwide.
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Author : Marit Hansen
Genre : Computers
Summary : This book contains selected papers presented at the 12th IFIP WG 9.2, 9.5, 9.6/11.7, 11.6/SIG 9.2.2 International Summer School on Privacy and Identity Management, held in Ispra, Italy, in September 2017. The 12 revised full papers, 5 invited papers and 4 workshop papers included in this volume were carefully selected from a total of 48 submissions and were subject to a three-phase review process. The papers combine interdisciplinary approaches to bring together a host of perspectives: technical, legal, regulatory, socio-economic, social, societal, political, ethical, anthropological, philosophical, and psychological. They are organized in the following topical sections: privacy engineering; privacy in the era of the smart revolution; improving privacy and security in the era of smart environments; safeguarding personal data and mitigating risks; assistive robots; and mobility and privacy.
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Author : OECD
Genre :
Summary : This report improves the evidence base on the role of Data Driven Innovation for promoting growth and well-being, and provide policy guidance on how to maximise the benefits of DDI and mitigate the associated economic and societal risks.
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Author : Orwat, Carsten
Genre :
Summary :