During the 1960s and 1970s, considerable economic inequalities led third world countries, seeking economic development, to demand that a new international economic order be established. The law responded to these economic inequalities by developing the concept of differential treatment with regard to the respective treaty obligations of the states. Since the 1970s, the international community,…
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Author : Jorge E. Viñuales
Genre : Law
Summary : The international community has long grappled with the issue of safeguarding the environment and encouraging sustainable development, often with little result. The 1992 Rio Declaration on Environment and Development was an emphatic attempt to address this issue, setting down 27 key principles for the international community to follow. These principles define the rights of people to sustainable development, and the responsibilities of states to safeguard the common environment. The Rio Declaration established that long term economic progress required a connection to environmental protection. It was designed as an authoritative and comprehensive statement of the principles of sustainable development law, an instrument to take stock of the past international and domestic practice, a guide for the design of new multilateral environmental regimes, and as a reference for litigation. This commentary provides an authoritative and comprehensive overview of the principles of the Declaration, written by over thirty inter-disciplinary contributors, including both leading practitioners and academics. Each principle is analysed in light of its origins and rationale. The book investigates each principle's travaux préparatoires setting out the main points of controversy and the position of different countries or groups. It analyses the scope and dimensions of each principle, providing an in-depth understanding of its legal effects, including whether it can be relied before a domestic or international court. It also assesses the impact of the principles on subsequent soft law and treaty development, as well as domestic and international jurisprudence. The authors demonstrate the ways in which the principles interact with each other, and finally provide a detailed analysis of the shortcomings and future potential of each principle. This book will be of vital importance to practitioners, scholars, and students of international environomental law and sustainable development.
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Author : Benoit Mayer
Genre : Law
Summary : An innovative volume that covers all the common topics of climate law currently debated in the global academic community.
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Author : Lavanya Rajamani
Genre : Law
Summary : Taking stock of all the major developments in the field of international environmental law, this text explores core assumptions and concepts, basic analytical tools and key challenges.
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Author : Fitzmaurice, Malgosia
Genre : Law
Summary : This thoroughly updated and revised second edition of this foundational Handbook combines practical and theoretical analyses to cover a wide array of cutting edge issues in international environmental law (IEL). It provides a comprehensive view of the complexity of IEL, both as a field in its own right, and as part of the wider system of international law.
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Author : Hannes Hansen-Magnusson
Genre : Law
Summary : Studying moral responsibility in world politics sheds light on changing accountability relations, justice and legitimacy in global governance.
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Author : Daniëlla Dam-de Jong
Genre : Law
Summary : This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 License. It is free to read, download and share on Elgaronline.com. This incisive Research Handbook addresses the growing recognition within the international law community that natural resource governance and environmental protection are crucial aspects of peace processes, both as a security imperative and as an opportunity for peacebuilding. Examining the impact of international normative and institutional frameworks on environmental peacebuilding, this Research Handbook features contributions from distinguished experts and global case studies on integrated legal approaches to the governance of natural resources.
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Author : Maarten den Heijer
Genre : Law
Summary : This volume of the Netherlands Yearbook of International Law (NYIL) addresses the question how the assumption that states have a common obligation to achieve a collective public good can be reconciled with the fact that the 195 states of today’s world are highly diverse and increasingly unequal in terms of size, population, politics, economy, culture, climate and historical development. The idea of common but differentiated responsibilities is on paper the perfect bridge between the factual inequality and formal equality of states. The acknowledgement that states can have common but still different – more or less onerous – obligations is predicated on the moral and legal concept of global solidarity. This book encompasses general contributions on the function and the content of the related principles, chapters that describe and evaluate how the principles work in a specific area of international law and chapters that address their efficiency and broader ramifications, in terms of compliance, free-rider behaviour and shifting balances of power. The originality of the book resides in the integration of conceptual, comparative and practical dimensions of the principles of global solidarity and common but differentiated responsibilities. The book is therefore highly recommended reading for both academics with a theoretical interest and those working within international organisations. The Netherlands Yearbook of International Law was first published in 1970. It offers a forum for the publication of scholarly articles in a varying thematic area of public international law.
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Author : Alexander Proelß
Genre : Law
Summary : Das Lehrbuch stellt das internationale Umweltrecht in seiner ganzen Breite und Aktualität dar. Es handelt sich um die einzige aktuelle und ausführliche Darstellung der Materie, die im Zeitalter des Klimawandels immer bedeutsamer wird, in deutscher Sprache. Die ersten Abschnitte behandeln bereichsübergreifend relevante Fragestellungen, die die Bezüge zum allgemeinen Völkerrecht herstellen. Die folgenden Abschnitte analysieren sodann den Schutz und die nachhaltige Nutzung der einzelnen Umweltmedien. Das Autorenteam vereint die deutschlandweit führenden Expertinnen und Experten auf dem Gebiet des internationalen Umweltrechts. Das Lehrbuch richtet sich an Studierende der Rechts- und Politikwissenschaften ebenso wie an PraktikerInnen, die in Umweltbehörden und Organisationen tätig sind.
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Author : محمد أحمد على كاسب
Genre : Political Science
Summary : ان التنوع الاحيائي يمثل احدى المشاكل المتعلقة بالبيئة ، فجميع الدول سواء أكانت متقدمة أم نامية تهدف الى تحقيق طفرات كبيره في مجال التنمية ، وبشتى الوسائل ؛ لغرض تحقيق التقدم والرقي في جميع الصعد الاقتصادية والاجتماعية والصناعية …الخ ، ولكن هذا الامر ادى بالمقابل الى استنزاف الكثير من الموارد والثروات الطبيعية , فالتنوع الاحيائي يتعرض اليوم الى الانقراض في كثير من انواعه ، إذ تشير التقديرات الى انه تقريبا (1.4) كم2 من مساحة الغابات المطرية الاستوائية يتم القضاء عليها كل دقيقة مما يؤدي الى انقراض (50 – 150) نوعا تقريباً من الكائنات الحية في اليوم الواحد في تلك الغابات ، وتشكل الغابات ولاسيما المدارية منها اهمية كبيرة بالنسبة للتنوع الاحيائي، إذ يوجد 80% تقريباً من النباتات أو الحيوانات في الغابات المدارية باعتبارها تمثل موائل لها .وهناك دراسات اخرى تشير الى انقراض سلالتين من الحيوانات كل اسبوع، فضلاً عن تعرض (135) سلالة تقريباً من الحيوانات الى خطر الانقراض.
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Author : Kristin Bartenstein
Genre : Law
Summary : Das vorliegende Lehrbuch zum internationalen Umweltrecht stellt die gesamte Materie dar - einschließlich ihrer europarechtlichen Bezüge. Die ersten Abschnitte behandeln bereichsübergreifend relevante Fragestellungen, die die Bezüge zum Völkerrecht herstellen. Die folgenden Abschnitte analysieren den Schutz und die nachhaltige Nutzung der einzelnen Umweltmedien. Die europarechtlichen Aspekte werden jeweils im thematischen Zusammenhang erläutert.