Sh Wa 13 Nendo

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Spending Without Taxation

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Author : Gene Park
language : en
Publisher: Stanford University Press
Release Date : 2011-03-25

Spending Without Taxation written by Gene Park and has been published by Stanford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-03-25 with Political Science categories.

Governments confront difficult political choices when they must determine how to balance their spending. But what would happen if a government found a means of spending without taxation? In this book, Gene Park demonstrates how the Japanese government established and mobilized an enormous off-budget spending system, the Fiscal Investment Loan Program (FILP), which drew on postal savings, public pensions, and other funds to pay for its priorities and reduce demands on the budget. Park's book argues that this system underwrote a distinctive postwar political bargain, one that eschewed the rise of the welfare state and Keynesianism, but that also came with long-term political and economic costs that continue to this day. By drawing attention to FILP, this study resolves key debates in Japanese politics and also makes a larger point about public finance, demonstrating that governments can finance their activities not only through taxes but also through financial mechanisms to allocate credit and investment. Such "policy finance" is an important but often overlooked form of public finance that can change the political calculus of government fiscal choices.

An Intellectual History Of Wartime Japan

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Author : Shunsuke Tsurumi
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2010-10-18

An Intellectual History Of Wartime Japan written by Shunsuke Tsurumi and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-10-18 with History categories.

When this book was published in Japanese in 1982 it was awarded the prestigious Jiro Osaragi Prize. It is an important contribution to the understanding of the mental and spiritual world of Japan just over two generations ago. The author argues that just as the period of isolation up to the middle of the 19th century was crucial for Japan’s development, so the Second World War represented another crucial period for the country. These years were a period of intellectual isolation during which significant development took place.

Idols And Celebrity In Japanese Media Culture

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Author : P. W. Galbraith
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2012-08-30

Idols And Celebrity In Japanese Media Culture written by P. W. Galbraith and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-08-30 with Social Science categories.

This is the most complete and compelling account of idols and celebrity in Japanese media culture to date. Engaging with the study of media, gender and celebrity, and sensitive to history and the contemporary scene, these interdisciplinary essays cover male and female idols, production and consumption, industrial structures and fan movements.

Radicals And Realists In The Japanese Nonverbal Arts

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Author : Thomas R. H. Havens
language : en
Publisher: University of Hawaii Press
Release Date : 2006-07-31

Radicals And Realists In The Japanese Nonverbal Arts written by Thomas R. H. Havens and has been published by University of Hawaii Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-07-31 with Art categories.

Radicals and Realists is the first book in any language to discuss Japan’s avant-garde artists, their work, and the historical environment in which they produced it during the two most creative decades of the twentieth century, the 1950s and 1960s. Many of the artists were radicals, rebelling against existing canons and established authority. Yet at the same time they were realists in choosing concrete materials, sounds, and themes from everyday life for their art and in gradually adopting tactics of protest or resistance through accommodation rather than confrontation. Whatever the means of expression, the production of art was never devoid of historical context or political implication. Focusing on the nonverbal genres of painting, sculpture, dance choreography, and music composition, this work shows that generational and political differences, not artistic doctrines, largely account for the divergent stances artists took vis-a-vis modernism, the international arts community, Japan’s ties to the United States, and the alliance of corporate and bureaucratic interests that solidified in Japan during the 1960s. After surveying censorship and arts policy during the American occupation of Japan (1945–1952), the narrative divides into two chronological sections dealing with the 1950s and 1960s, bisected by the rise of an artistic underground in Shinjuku and the security treaty crisis of May 1960. The first section treats Japanese artists who studied abroad as well as the vast and varied experiments in each of the nonverbal avant-garde arts that took place within Japan during the 1950s, after long years of artistic insularity and near-stasis throughout war and occupation. Chief among the intellectuals who stimulated experimentation were the art critic Takiguchi Shuzo, the painter Okamoto Taro, and the businessman-painter Yoshihara Jiro. The second section addresses the multifront assault on formalism (confusingly known as "anti-art") led by visual artists nationwide. Likewise, composers of both Western-style and contemporary Japanese-style music increasingly chose everyday themes from folk music and the premodern musical repertoire for their new presentations. Avant-garde print makers, sculptors, and choreographers similarly moved beyond the modern—and modernism—in their work. A later chapter examines the artistic apex of the postwar period: Osaka’s 1970 world exposition, where more avant-garde music, painting, sculpture, and dance were on display than at any other point in Japan’s history, before or since. Radicals and Realists is based on extensive archival research; numerous concerts, performances, and exhibits; and exclusive interviews with more than fifty leading choreographers, composers, painters, sculptors, and critics active during those two innovative decades. Its accessible prose and lucid analysis recommend it to a wide readership, including those interested in modern Japanese art and culture as well as the history of the postwar years.

An Introduction To Japanese Society

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Author : Yoshio Sugimoto
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2010-06-22

An Introduction To Japanese Society written by Yoshio Sugimoto and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-06-22 with Social Science categories.

Essential reading for students of Japanese society, An Introduction to Japanese Society now enters its third edition. Here, internationally renowned scholar, Yoshio Sugimoto, writes a sophisticated, yet highly readable and lucid text, using both English and Japanese sources to update and expand upon his original narrative. The book challenges the traditional notion that Japan comprises a uniform culture, and draws attention to its subcultural diversity and class competition. Covering all aspects of Japanese society, it includes chapters on class, geographical and generational variation, work, education, gender, minorities, popular culture and the establishment. This new edition features sections on: Japan's cultural capitalism; the decline of the conventional Japanese management model; the rise of the 'socially divided society' thesis; changes of government; the spread of manga, animation and Japan's popular culture overseas; and the expansion of civil society in Japan.

Aging Economic Growth And Old Age Security In Asia

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Author : Donghyun Park
language : en
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Release Date : 2012-01-01

Aging Economic Growth And Old Age Security In Asia written by Donghyun Park and has been published by Edward Elgar Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-01-01 with Business & Economics categories.

Population aging is perhaps the single biggest economic and social obstacle confronting AsiaÕs future. The region-wide demographic transition towards an older population is fundamentally reshaping the demographic landscape, and is giving rise to two key socio-economic challenges. This timely book provides an in-depth analysis of these challenges and presents concrete policy options for tackling them. First, the expert contributors argue, Asia must find ways to sustain rapid economic growth in the face of less favorable demographics, which implies slower growth of the workforce. Second, they contend, Asia must find ways to deliver affordable, adequate and sustainable old-age economic security for its growing elderly population. Underpinned by rigorous analysis, a wide range of concrete policy options for sustaining economic growth while delivering economic security for the elderly are then presented. These include Asia-wide policy options Ð relevant to the entire region Ð such as building up strong national pension systems, whilst other policy options are more relevant to sub-groups of countries. This stimulating and informative book will be of great interest to academics, students and researchers with an interest in Asian studies, economics generally, and more specifically, public sector economics.

Women Miners In Developing Countries

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Author : Martha Macintyre
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2017-05-15

Women Miners In Developing Countries written by Martha Macintyre and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-05-15 with Social Science categories.

Contrary to their masculine portrayal, mines have always employed women in valuable and productive roles. Yet, pit life continues to be represented as a masculine world of work, legitimizing men as the only mineworkers and large, mechanized, and capitalized operations as the only form of mining. Bringing together a range of case studies of women miners from past and present in Asia, the Pacific region, Latin America and Africa, this book makes visible the roles and contributions of women as miners. It also highlights the importance of engendering small and informal mining in the developing world as compared to the early European and American mines. The book shows that women are engaged in various kinds of mining and illustrates how gender and inequality are constructed and sustained in the mines, and also how ethnic identities intersect with those gendered identities.

Kenya National Assembly Official Record Hansard

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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1982-09-28

Kenya National Assembly Official Record Hansard written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1982-09-28 with categories.

The official records of the proceedings of the Legislative Council of the Colony and Protectorate of Kenya, the House of Representatives of the Government of Kenya and the National Assembly of the Republic of Kenya.

Japanese Historiography And The Gold Seal Of 57 C E

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Author : Joshua A. Fogel
language : en
Publisher: BRILL
Release Date : 2013-07-15

Japanese Historiography And The Gold Seal Of 57 C E written by Joshua A. Fogel and has been published by BRILL this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-07-15 with History categories.

In the year 57 C.E., the court of Later Han dynasty presented a gold seal to an emissary from somewhere in what is now Japan. The seal soon vanished from history, only to be unearthed in 1784 in Japan. In the subsequent two-plus centuries, nearly 400 books and articles (mostly by Japanese) have addressed every conceivable issue surrounding this small object of gold. Joshua Fogel places the conferment of the seal in inter-Asian diplomacy of the first century and then traces four waves of historical analysis that the seal has undergone since its discovery, as the standards of historical judgment have changed over these years and the investment in the seal’s meaning have changed accordingly.

Official Report

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Author : Kenya. National Assembly
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1975

Official Report written by Kenya. National Assembly and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1975 with Kenya categories.