1d And 3d Water Hammer Models
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1d And 3d Water Hammer Models
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Author : Sharon Mandair
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
1d And 3d Water Hammer Models written by Sharon Mandair and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.
Hydraulic systems are a critical part of modern infrastructure. In systems such as water distribution and electricity generation, perturbations in operations and therefore transient flow conditions are unavoidable. In light of the potential damage they can inflict, the study of hydraulic transients remains an important field of interest; one in which numerical methods play a key role. Numerical techniques are therefore at the heart of this investigation, applying the one-dimensional Method of Characteristics (MOC), and the three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) using finite volumes. These two models are complementary. MOC is simple and cost effective but only applicable to pipe systems and networks; whereas CFD has a more native representation of the physics, and can model multi-dimensional features, but at a steep computational cost. The MOC and CFD models are applied to two case studies of water-hammer hydraulics. The first is high shear pipe flow, looking closely at the fundamental physics of water-hammer, acoustic wave propagation and reflection, and dissipation. The physics are explored in energetic terms, applying the integral total energy analysis. In a context where MOC solvers are ideal, CFD is used to evaluate potential gaps in these simple models. The second case study is a load rejection at a large hydropower station. In the context of a changing electricity supply, which includes more variable renewable sources, the inherent dispatchability of hydropower begins to play a new role. Consequently, the underlying mechanical infrastructure is being exposed to damaging transient hydraulics. In this case study, MOC and CFD solvers are coupled to study the influence of a long penstock during a load rejection. MOC is used to represent the penstock, while CFD represents the turbomachine from the spiral casing to the draft tube. The study identifies the risk for severe wear and tear on the machine blades; however, importantly the role of the penstock seems to be limited to the determination of the background flow and pressure seen by the machine. The analysis shows that vortex circulation within the runner is the source of high amplitude pressure loading, while compressibility have a limited effect. Les systèmes hydrauliques sont des composantes critiques des infrastructures modernes. Les systèmes de distribution d'eau et de production hydro-électrique subissent inévitablement des changements de leur mode d'opérations, et doivent par conséquent composer avec des écoulements transitoires. Puisqu'ils peuvent endommager les machines et les structures, les transitoires hydrauliques constituent un domaine d'études important, où les méthodes numériques jouent un rôle clé. Les techniques numériques sont donc au coeur de cette étude qui utilise la méthode des caractéristique (MOC) uni-dimensionnelle, ainsi que la dynamique des fluides numérique (CFD) en trois dimensions avec des volumes finis. Les deux modèles sont complémentaires. Le modèle MOC est simple et efficace, mais c'est une approximation qui ne s'applique qu'aux systèmes et aux réseaux de conduite. La CFD utilise une représentation plus proches des lois de la physique, et permet de modéliser les phénomènes multidimensionnels, mais au prix d'un temps de calcul important. Ces modèles, MOC et CFD, sont appliqués à deux cas de coup de bélier. Le premier est l'écoulement dans une conduite avec un fort cisaillement. L'étude se concentre sur la physique du coup de bélier, la propagation et la réflexion d'un front d'onde acoustique, et sa dissipation. Ces phénomènes physiques sont explorés en termes énergétiques, en appliquant le concept d'énergie totale intégrée. Dans un contexte où les modèles MOC sont idéaux, la CFD est utilisée ici pour évaluer les limitations de ces modèles simples. Le deuxième cas est l'étude d'un rejet de charge dans une grande centrale d'hydro-électricité. Dans un contexte où la production électrique change pour inclure les énergies renouvelables et variables, la flexibilité intrinsèque de l'hydro-électricité commence à jouer un rôle nouveau. Par conséquent, les transitoires hydrauliques sont une source de dommages potentiels aux infrastructures mécaniques. Dans cette étude, les modèles MOC et CFD sont couplés afin d'évaluer l'importance de la conduite forcée lors d'un délestage. Un modèle MOC est utilisé pour simuler la conduite, et un modèle CFD pour simuler la turbine, de la bâche spirale à l'aspirateur. L'étude identifie des risques d'endommagement sur les aubes. Le rôle de la conduite semble limité à la détermination du débit et du niveau de pression moyens vus par la machine. L'analyse démontre que les vortex qui circulent entre les aubes de la roue créent de grandes fluctuations de pression; toutefois le rôle de la compressibilité est limité.
Water Hammer Simulations
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Author : S. Mambretti
language : en
Publisher: WIT Press
Release Date : 2013-11-07
Water Hammer Simulations written by S. Mambretti and has been published by WIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-07 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Water Hammer Simulations is a comprehensive guide to modelling transients in closed pipes. The models presented range from those used for the first studies into the field to the most advanced available today. All of the models are described in detail, starting from the simplest to the most complex. Most of the presented models have been implemented in computer codes, which are provided with the book as both executable files and the sources. The use of these programs is explained in the book where they are applied in a number of examples; the results are critically commented, to allow the reader to be able to build an appropriate model for their own use. Suggestions on the most appropriate model to be built and used are provided throughout the book. Laboratory tests and real case applications are also presented and discussed, together with the still unresolved problems in the field. The focus of researcher’s efforts we will be on these issues in the coming years. The book is suitable for professionals working in the field as well as scholars and undergraduate students.
Process And Plant Safety
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Author : Jürgen Schmidt
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2012-05-14
Process And Plant Safety written by Jürgen Schmidt and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-05-14 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The safe operation of plants is of paramount importance in the chemical, petrochemical and pharmaceutical industries. Best practice in process and plant safety allows both the prevention of hazards and the mitigation of consequences. Safety Technology is continuously advancing to new levels and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is already successfully established as a tool to ensure the safe operation of industrial plants. With CFD tools, a great amount of knowledge can be gained as both the necessary safety measures and the economic operation of plants can be simultaneously determined. Young academics, safety experts and safety managers in all parts of the industry will henceforth be forced to responsibly judge these new results from a safety perspective. This is the main challenge for the future of safety technology. This book serves as a guide to elaborating and determining the principles, assumptions, strengths, limitations and application areas of utilizing CFD in process and plant safety, and safety management. The book offers recommendations relating to guidelines, procedures, frameworks and technology for creating a higher level of safety for chemical and petrochemical plants. It includes modeling aids and concrete examples of industrial safety measures for hazard prevention.
Water Hammer
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Author : Bruce Sharp
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 1995-12-01
Water Hammer written by Bruce Sharp and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995-12-01 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Water hammer, or the study of fluid transient behaviour, is one of the most common problems in the water engineering community. This book covers the many causes and solutions in a practical way and is an essential reference for all those concerned with the flow of liquids, not just water, in pipe systems. It follows on from the authors' previous monograph on the problems and solutions of water hammer and presents common problems in the form of case studies.This is an interesting and useful read for practising engineers working in this area and it will enable them to make comparisons with their own problems. Also the practical nature of the book makes it useful for civil engineering departmental libraries and departments where hydraulic design is taught.
Mechanobiology At Multiple Scales
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Author : Yuhui Li
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2023-10-16
Mechanobiology At Multiple Scales written by Yuhui Li and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-10-16 with Science categories.
Water Hammer Research
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Author : Kaveh Hariri Asli
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2013-01-22
Water Hammer Research written by Kaveh Hariri Asli and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-01-22 with Science categories.
This book provides a broad understanding of the main computational techniques used for water hammer research in water systems. The theoretical background to a number of techniques is introduced, and general data analysis techniques and examining the application of techniques in an industrial setting, including current practices and current research, are considered. The book also provides practical experience of commercially available systems and includes small-scale water systems related projects.
Urban Hydroinformatics
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Author : Roland K. Price
language : en
Publisher: IWA Publishing
Release Date : 2011
Urban Hydroinformatics written by Roland K. Price and has been published by IWA Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Science categories.
This book is an introduction to hydroinformatics applied to urban water management. It shows how to make the best use of information and communication technologies for manipulating information to manage water in the urban environment. The book covers the acquisition and analysis of data from urban water systems to instantiate mathematical models or calculations, which describe identified physical processes. The models are operated within prescribed management procedures to inform decision makers, who are responsible to recognized stakeholders. The application is to the major components of the urban water environment, namely water supply, treatment and distribution, wastewater and stormwater collection, treatment and impact on receiving waters, and groundwater and urban flooding. Urban Hydroinformatics pays particular attention to modeling, decision support through procedures, economics and management, and implementation in both developed and developing countries. The book is written with post-graduates, researchers and practicing engineers who are involved in urban water management and want to improve the scope and reliability of their systems.
Water Hammer In Pipe Line Systems
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Author : J. Záruba
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 1993-05-05
Water Hammer In Pipe Line Systems written by J. Záruba and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993-05-05 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The physical principles of water hammer are explained in this volume. The basic mathematical methods of solution of water hammer and ways of limiting its effects are covered. Detailed description is given of the method of characteristics and the corresponding programs for personal computers, which enables solution of water hammer in a wide variety of hydraulic systems encountered in practice. Examples are given of solution of water hammer of common pipe-line systems as well as calculation of the steady state of flow, the determination of discharge through a pipe-line, measurements of characteristics of valves, pumps, turbines, determination of the operating régime of a valve in order to ensure a desired pressure and discharge curve, etc. This book will be of interest to those civil, mechanical and petroleum engineers dealing with the design and operation of hydraulic systems.
Waterhammer Analysis
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Author : John Parmakian
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1963
Waterhammer Analysis written by John Parmakian and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1963 with Water hammer categories.
Water Hammer
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Author : Oscar G. Goldman
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1953
Water Hammer written by Oscar G. Goldman and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1953 with Hydrodynamics categories.