A Climatology Of The Ice Extent In The Bering Sea
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A Climatology Of The Ice Extent In The Bering Sea
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Author : Bruce Daniel Webster
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1981
A Climatology Of The Ice Extent In The Bering Sea written by Bruce Daniel Webster and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1981 with Sea ice categories.
Climatology, based on ice information from June 1953-February 1981, is presented in terms of percentage probabilities: first, of the ice limit in semi-monthly intervals from October 15 to July 15 and secondly, of the 50 percent concentration boundary in the same interval from May 1 to July 15.
A Climatology Of The Ice Extent In The Bering Sea
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Author : Bruce Daniel Webster
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1982
A Climatology Of The Ice Extent In The Bering Sea written by Bruce Daniel Webster and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1982 with categories.
A Climatology Of The Bering Sea And Its Relation To Sea Ice Extent
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Author : Carol H. Pease
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1982
A Climatology Of The Bering Sea And Its Relation To Sea Ice Extent written by Carol H. Pease and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1982 with Bering Sea categories.
Discusses the relation between interannual variations in maximum sea ice extent and atmospheric forcing within the region of the Bering Sea.
A Climatology Of The Bering Sea And Its Relation To Sea Ice Extent
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Author : Carol H. Pease
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1982
A Climatology Of The Bering Sea And Its Relation To Sea Ice Extent written by Carol H. Pease and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1982 with Bering Sea categories.
Discusses the relation between interannual variations in maximum sea ice extent and atmospheric forcing within the region of the Bering Sea.
Influence Of Climate Change On The Changing Arctic And Sub Arctic Conditions
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Author : Jacques Nihoul
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2009-01-25
Influence Of Climate Change On The Changing Arctic And Sub Arctic Conditions written by Jacques Nihoul and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-01-25 with Science categories.
The current warming trends in the Arctic may shove the Arctic system into a seasonally ice-free state not seen for more than one million years. The melting is accelerating, and researchers were unable to identify natural processes that might slow the deicing of the Arctic. Such substantial additional melting of Arctic and Antarctic glaciers and ice sheets would raise the sea level worldwide, flooding the coastal areas where many of the world's population lives. Studies, led by scientists at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) and the University of Arizona, show that greenhouse gas increases over the next century could warm the Arctic by 3-5°C in summertime. Thus, Arctic summers by 2100 may be as warm as they were nearly 130,000 years ago, when sea levels eventually rose up to 6 m higher than today.
Arctic Sea Ice Decline
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Author : D. C. Douglas
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Arctic Sea Ice Decline written by D. C. Douglas and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Climatic changes categories.
The Arctic region is warming faster than most regions of the world due in part to increasing greenhouse gases and positive feedbacks associated with the loss of snow and ice cover. One consequence has been a rapid decline in Arctic sea ice over the past 3 decades--a decline that is projected to continue by state-of-the-art models. Many stakeholders are therefore interested in how global warming may change the timing and extent of sea ice Arctic-wide, and for specific regions. To inform the public and decision makers of anticipated environmental changes, scientists are striving to better understand how sea ice influences ecosystem structure, local weather, and global climate. Here, projected changes in the Bering and Chukchi Seas are examined because sea ice influences the presence of, or accessibility to, a variety of local resources of commercial and cultural value. In this study, 21st century sea ice conditions in the Bering and Chukchi Seas are based on projections by 18 general circulation models (GCMs) prepared for the fourth reporting period by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in 2007. Sea ice projections are analyzed for each of two IPCC greenhouse gas forcing scenarios: the A1B 'business as usual' scenario and the A2 scenario that is somewhat more aggressive in its CO2 emissions during the second half of the century. A large spread of uncertainty among projections by all 18 models was constrained by creating model subsets that excluded GCMs that poorly simulated the 1979-2008 satellite record of ice extent and seasonality. At the end of the 21st century (2090-2099), median sea ice projections among all combinations of model ensemble and forcing scenario were qualitatively similar. June is projected to experience the least amount of sea ice loss among all months. For the Chukchi Sea, projections show extensive ice melt during July and ice-free conditions during August, September, and October by the end of the century, with high agreement among models. High agreement also accompanies projections that the Chukchi Sea will be completely ice covered during February, March, and April at the end of the century. Large uncertainties, however, are associated with the timing and amount of partial ice cover during the intervening periods of melt and freeze. For the Bering Sea, median March ice extent is projected to be about 25 percent less than the 1979-1988 average by mid-century and 60 percent less by the end of the century. The ice-free season in the Bering Sea is projected to increase from its contemporary average of 5.5 months to a median of about 8.5 months by the end of the century. A 3-month longer ice- free season in the Bering Sea is attained by a 1-month advance in melt and a 2-month delay in freeze, meaning the ice edge typically will pass through the Bering Strait in May and January at the end of the century rather than June and November as presently observed.
Sea Ice
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Author : David N. Thomas
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2009-11-06
Sea Ice written by David N. Thomas and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-11-06 with Technology & Engineering categories.
As the Arctic perennial sea ice continues to disappear at an alarming rate, a full understanding of sea ice as a crucial global ecosystem, and the effects of its loss is vital for all those working with and studying global climate change. Building on the success of the previous edition, the second edition of Sea Ice, now much expanded and in full colour throughout, includes six completely new chapters with complete revisions of all the chapters included from the first edition. The Editors, Professor David Thomas and Dr Gerhard Dieckmann have once again drawn together an extremely impressive group of internationally respected contributing authors, ensuring a comprehensive worldwide coverage of this incredibly important topic. Sea Ice, second edition, is an essential purchase for oceanographers and marine scientists, environmental scientists, biologists, geochemists and geologists. All those involved in the study of global climate change will find this book to contain a wealth of important information. All libraries in universities and research establishments where these subjects are studied and taught will need multiple copies of this book on their shelves. truly multidisciplinary approach world leading authors and editors international in scope, covering both Arctic and Antarctic work of vital interest to all those involved in global warming and climate change research highly illustrated full colour book with colour images throughout
The Arctic Seas
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Author : Yvonne Herman
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
The Arctic Seas written by Yvonne Herman and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
The Arctic region has long held a fascination for explorers and scientists of many countries. Despite the numerous voyages of exploration, the na ture of the central Arctic was unknown only 90 years ago; it was believed to be a shallow sea dotted with islands. During Nansen's historic voyage on the polarship Fram, which commenced in 1893, the great depth of the central basin was discovered. In the Soviet Union, investigation of the Arctic Ocean became national policy after 1917. Today research at several scientific institutions there is devoted primarily to the study of the North Polar Ocean and seas. The systematic exploration of the Arctic by the United States com menced in 1951. Research has been conducted year-round from drifting ice islands, which are tabular fragments of glacier ice that break away from ice shelves. Most frequently, ice islands originate off the northern coast of Ellesmere Island. These research platforms are occupied as weather sta tions, as well as for oceanographic and geophysical studies. Several inter national projects, conducted by Canadian, European, and U. S. groups, have been underway during the last three decades. Although much new data have accumulated since the publication of the Marine Geology and Oceanography of the Arctic Seas volume in 1974 (Yvonne Herman, ed. ), in various fields of polar research-including present-day ice cover, hydrogra phy, fauna, flora, and geology-many questions remain to be answered.
Ice In The Ocean
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Author : Peter Wadhams
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2014-04-21
Ice In The Ocean written by Peter Wadhams and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-04-21 with Science categories.
ICe in the Ocean examines sea ice and icebergs and their role in the global climate system. It is comprehensive textbook suitablefor students, pure and applied researchers, and anyone interested in the polar oceans; the distribution of sea ice; the mechanisms of growth, development and decay; the thermodynamics and dynamics of sea ice; sea ice defo
The Pacific Arctic Region
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Author : Jacqueline M. Grebmeier
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2014-06-10
The Pacific Arctic Region written by Jacqueline M. Grebmeier and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-06-10 with Science categories.
The Pacific Arctic region is experiencing rapid sea ice retreat, seawater warming, ocean acidification and biological response. Physical and biogeochemical modeling indicates the potential for step-function changes to the overall marine ecosystem. This synthesis book was coordinated within the Pacific Arctic Group, a network of international partners working in the Pacific Arctic. Chapter topics range from atmospheric and physical sciences to chemical processing and biological response to changing environmental conditions. Physical and biogeochemical modeling results highlight the need for data collection and interdisciplinary modeling activities to track and forecast the changing ecosystem of the Pacific Arctic with climate change.