A Phylogenetic Analysis Of Extinct And Extant Pan Alcidae Charadriiformes Aves
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A Phylogenetic Analysis Of Extinct And Extant Pan Alcidae Charadriiformes Aves
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Author : Alexandria A. DiGiacomo
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
A Phylogenetic Analysis Of Extinct And Extant Pan Alcidae Charadriiformes Aves written by Alexandria A. DiGiacomo and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with Alcidae categories.
Pan-Alcidae is a clade of birds consisting of the crown-clade Alcidae and the extinct Mancallinae. They include 24 extant species, 1 recently extinct species, and a fossil record extending as far back as the Eocene. All extinct and extant Pan-alcid diversity exhibit an exclusively Holarctic distribution with the majority of extant diversity found in the Pacific. The relationships of the Pan-Alcidae have been a long-standing subject of debate. Early systematic hypotheses placed Pan-Alcidae as close relatives of various water birds, however modern phylogenetic hypotheses have supported their placement within Charadriiformes. Their exact placement within Charadriiformes has yielded multiple hypotheses with further difficulty found in resolving the relationships within the clade itself. Until recently, most work on Pan-Alcidae systematics focused primarily on extant diversity, neglecting to include data from their robust fossil record. By performing molecular, morphological, and combined analyses of Pan-Alcidae and a dense outgroup of Charadriiformes representatives, this study proposes hypotheses for the relationships of extinct and extant species. A novel hypothesis is proposed for the placement of the extinct Aethia rossmoori among the Brachyramphus. This relationship makes A. rossmoori the earliest known fossil from this lineage and extends the Brachyramphus lineage's fossil record into the Late Miocene. Additionally, all analyses support the placement of Pseudocepphus teres as sister to the Cepphus extending their temporal and geographic range to include the Middle to Late Miocene Atlantic. A Bayesian total-evidence dating analysis estimated a divergence of Alcidae from other Charadriiformes during the Early Eocene. The divergence of the major Alcidae clades (the Fraterculinae and Alcinae) was estimated to have occurred during the Oligocene. Of 29 fossil Pan-Alcidae species, 6 were inferred to be sampled ancestors. Notably, Mancalla cedrosensis was inferred to be a direct ancestor of Mancalla californiensis providing a novel hypothesis for their previously supported close relationship.
Systematics And Evolution Of Extinct And Extant Pan Alcidae Aves Charadriiformes
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Author : Neil Adam Smith
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Systematics And Evolution Of Extinct And Extant Pan Alcidae Aves Charadriiformes written by Neil Adam Smith and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.
Although the ecological interactions and ethology of the wing-propelled diving seabirds known as the Alcidae (Aves, Charadriiformes) have been intensively studied, systematic studies of the clade have been overwhelmingly limited to extant taxa. Alcidae have the richest fossil record among Charadriiformes, with specimens representing more than 35 million years of evolutionary history. Morphometric and apomorphy-based taxonomic revision of previously named extinct alcids along with description of new species of extinct alcids facilitated refined estimates of species richness. Combined phylogenetic analyses of morphological and molecular sequence data including alcid fossils elucidated the poorly understood evolutionary history of the clade. Divergence estimation analysis for Charadriiformes placed previously hypothesized episodes of alcid radiation and extinction in context with proposed paleoclimatic drivers of alcid evolution.
Taxonomic Revision And Phylogenetic Analysis Of The Flightless Mancallinae Aves Pan Alcidae
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Author : N. Adam Smith
language : en
Publisher: PenSoft Publishers LTD
Release Date : 2011-04-20
Taxonomic Revision And Phylogenetic Analysis Of The Flightless Mancallinae Aves Pan Alcidae written by N. Adam Smith and has been published by PenSoft Publishers LTD this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-04-20 with Science categories.
The flightless Mancallinae (Aves, Pan-Alcidae) from the Pacific Ocean are represented by one of the richest fossil records among Charadriiformes. A detailed review of previously published and previously undescribed fossils referred to Mancallinae resulted in taxonomic revision of the clade and the identification of three new species from the Miocene and Pliocene of California, USA. This monograph includes descriptions of new Mancallinae species and provides the first species-level phylogenetic hypothesis of Mancallinae relationships. Phylogenetic hypotheses were generated through the combined analysis of molecular sequence data and newly identified morphological character data for extant and extinct charadriiforms. The results of the combined phylogenetic analysis places hypotheses regarding the ethology and morphological convergence of Mancallinae to other flightless wing-propelled divers in phylogenetic context and facilitates comparisons between alcid paleodiversity and paleoclimatic events that have been hypothesized as drivers of alcid evolution.
An Alphataxonomic Revision Of Extinct And Extant Razorbills Aves Alcidae
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Author : N. Adam Smith
language : en
Publisher: Amer Ornithologists Union
Release Date : 2011
An Alphataxonomic Revision Of Extinct And Extant Razorbills Aves Alcidae written by N. Adam Smith and has been published by Amer Ornithologists Union this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Nature categories.
The reliability of this method was tested using the same measurements taken from 13 extant alcid species and was found to be robust with respect to the accurate recovery of species-correlated groups of measurement data. With the exception of the similarly proportioned Alca carolinensis sp. nov. and A. olsoni sp. nov., the holotype specimens of all Alca species were recovered in separate, statistically supported clusters. These clusters of fossils were then evaluated for the presence of diagnostic morphological features, resulting in the recognition of three new Alca species. In contrast to previously described Alca species, two new species are described from holotype specimens that are associated partial skeletons. These associated specimens facilitated referral of isolated fossil material and phylogenetic estimation of Alca relationships.
Avian Evolution
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Author : Gerald Mayr
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2016-10-31
Avian Evolution written by Gerald Mayr and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-10-31 with Science categories.
Knowledge of the evolutionary history of birds has much improved in recent decades. Fossils from critical time periods are being described at unprecedented rates and modern phylogenetic analyses have provided a framework for the interrelationships of the extant groups. This book gives an overview of the avian fossil record and its paleobiological significance, and it is the only up-to-date textbook that covers both Mesozoic and more modern-type Cenozoic birds in some detail. The reader is introduced to key features of basal avians and the morphological transformations that have occurred in the evolution towards modern birds. An account of the Cenozoic fossil record sheds light on the biogeographic history of the extant avian groups and discusses fossils in the context of current phylogenetic hypotheses. This review of the evolutionary history of birds not only addresses students and established researchers, but it may also be a useful source of information for anyone else with an interest in the evolution of birds and a moderate background in biology and geology.
Early Avian Evolution
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Author : Jingmai Kathleen O’Connor
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2021-09-23
Early Avian Evolution written by Jingmai Kathleen O’Connor and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-09-23 with Science categories.
Phylogenetic Relationships Among The Scolopaci Aves Charadriiformes Implications For The Study Of Behavioural Evolution
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Author : Rosemary Gibson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Phylogenetic Relationships Among The Scolopaci Aves Charadriiformes Implications For The Study Of Behavioural Evolution written by Rosemary Gibson and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.
Unraveling the relationships between organisms and patterns of diversity is a central goal of evolutionary biology, pursuant to the aim of reconstructing the history of life. I constructed a hypothesis for species relationships in the shorebird suborder Scolopaci, and mapped onto this framework behavioural and life-history traits to infer their evolutionary history. Relationships were well-resolved and well-supported, although reliable resolution of certain nodes will require additional, independent sources of information. We estimated the Scolopaci ancestor to be monogamous, and care-giving through fledging, but ancestral breeding location and migration distance reconstructions were equivocal. Tests for correlations between parental care and other traits to explain extant species' trait diversity show that, contrary to previous reports, evolution of Scolopaci diversity was a complex process that cannot be explained by individual character correlations. This study provides important insights into Scolopaci and shorebird evolutionary history, and the general practice of inferring past processes from phylogenetic hypotheses.
Paleogene Fossil Birds
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Author : Gerald Mayr
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2009-04-21
Paleogene Fossil Birds written by Gerald Mayr and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-04-21 with Science categories.
In the present book the Paleogene fossil record of birds is detailed for the first time on a worldwide scale. I have developed the idea for such a project for several years, and think that it is an appropriate moment to present a summary of our c- rent knowledge of the early evolution of modern birds. Meanwhile not only is there a confusing diversity of fossil taxa, but also significant progress has been made concerning an understanding of the higher-level phylogeny of extant birds. Hypotheses which were not considered even a decade ago are now well supported by independent analyses of different data. In several cases these group together morphologically very different avian groups and allow a better understanding of the mosaic character distribution found in Paleogene fossil birds. The book aims at bringing some of this information together, and many of the following data are based on first-hand examination of fossil specimens.
Evolution Ecology Conservation And Management Of Hawaiian Birds
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Author : J. Michael Scott
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2001
Evolution Ecology Conservation And Management Of Hawaiian Birds written by J. Michael Scott and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with Nature categories.
Great Auk Islands A Field Biologist In The Arctic
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Author : Tim Birkhead
language : en
Publisher: A&C Black
Release Date : 2010-10-30
Great Auk Islands A Field Biologist In The Arctic written by Tim Birkhead and has been published by A&C Black this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-10-30 with Nature categories.
The story of the author's research expeditions in the Canadian Arctic, this book is for professional and amateur ornithologists, students in ecology and animal behaviour. The Arctic is one of the world's last great wildernesses: a place of outstanding beauty, history and extraordinary wildlife in which seabirds form an important component of a rich, marine environment. Like many other remote regions, it is under threat from human activities, but to protect it we need to understand it. That understanding can come only through scientific research and the central threat of this book is to examine how such research is actually done. It describes the business of conducting biological studies on seabirds in remote parts of eastern Canada. Several themes are engagingly interwoven: the sheer beauty of the Arctic environment, the intriguing biology of its wildlife, and the discovery and exploitation of enormous seabird colonies, including the destruction of the Great Auk. Tim Birkhead describes in personal detail the different facets of research and brings to life both the difficulties and the excitement of working in the Arctic. What is it like setting up a camp for four months on a remote and uninhabited island not far from the North Pole? How does it feel to commute daily by inflatable boat amidst icebergs to study-areas located on towering cliffs, set between ice-blue glaciers? What do you do when a Polar bear decides that you have invaded its Arctic home? Why are the seabird colonies in the high Arctic so enormous? What do we know about lifestyle of the extinct Great Auk? In 1992 Canada's legendary cod fishery was finally destroyed - what are the consequences of this for other wildlife? These are just a few of the questions dealt with in this book. Our future as a species depends upon science and the understanding it brings of the world we live in. The work of scientists often appears obscure, but in this book, Tim Birkhead has used his experience of seven summers in the Arctic to write an accessible and straightforward account of how research is actually done in the field. The text is enriched by David Quinn's illustrations, and by numerous photographs in both black and white, and colour.