A Population Genetic Study Of Wild Bottlenose Dolphins Tursiops Truncatus In Matagorda Bay Texas
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A Population Genetic Study Of Wild Bottlenose Dolphins Tursiops Truncatus In Matagorda Bay Texas
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1997
A Population Genetic Study Of Wild Bottlenose Dolphins Tursiops Truncatus In Matagorda Bay Texas written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with Bottlenose dolphin categories.
A Population Genetic Study Of Wild Bottlenose Dolphins Tursiops Truncatus In Matagorda Bay Texas
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Author : Joel Stephen Lenox
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1997
A Population Genetic Study Of Wild Bottlenose Dolphins Tursiops Truncatus In Matagorda Bay Texas written by Joel Stephen Lenox and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with Bottlenose dolphin categories.
Distribution Of R Banded Chromosome Variants In A Bottlenose Dolphin Tursiops Truncatus Population
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Author : Kristine Anne Gunter
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1997
Distribution Of R Banded Chromosome Variants In A Bottlenose Dolphin Tursiops Truncatus Population written by Kristine Anne Gunter and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with Bottlenose dolphin categories.
Molecular And Cell Biology Of Marine Mammals
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Author : Carl J. Pfeiffer
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2002
Molecular And Cell Biology Of Marine Mammals written by Carl J. Pfeiffer and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Nature categories.
Marine mammals comprise some of the most highly adapted mammals, many with unbelievable diving capabilities, high intelligence and complex social behaviour, and some with brains larger than that of humans. Many possess echolocating and communication skills that we are only beginning to understand. This work brings together a group of experts focused upon cell and molecular biology of aquatic mammals. Methods currently being used to explore marine mammal biology are discussed, such as genetic tracing of subpopulations of whales and seals by DNA fingerprinting, use of immune system molecular markers, cell culture and ELISA techniques, and electron microscopy.
Aquatic Mammals
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1997
Aquatic Mammals written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with Aquatic mammals categories.
Population Structure Abundance And Reproductive Parameters Of Bottlenose Dolphins Tursiops Truncatus In The Bay Of Islands Northland New Zealand
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Author : Gabriela Tezanos-Pinto
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009
Population Structure Abundance And Reproductive Parameters Of Bottlenose Dolphins Tursiops Truncatus In The Bay Of Islands Northland New Zealand written by Gabriela Tezanos-Pinto and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Bottlenose dolphin categories.
"Bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) occupy a wide range of coastal and pelagic habitats throughout tropical and temperate waters worldwide. Around New Zealand, bottlenose dolphins inhabit three discontinuous regions in the north-eastern coast of the North Island, Marlborough Sound and Fiordland in the South Island. All these populations are subject to anthropogenic activities including dolphin-based tourism industry. Along the north-eastern coast of the North Island, the Bay of Islands presents a unique opportunity to study this population because of regular occurrence year-round and a history of long-term studies conducted in the region. This study examines the population structure and genetic diversity of the three New Zealand bottlenose dolphin populations to define their boundaries. Second, it focuses on the Bay of Islands subpopulation to investigate the dynamics of dolphin groups, pattern of habitat use, abundance and trends over time. Finally, it estimates reproductive parameters of female bottlenose dolphins to predict the long-term viability of the Bay of Islands subpopulation"--Abstract.
Species Status And Population Structure Of The Newly Described Tursiops Australis The Burrunan Dolphin And Tursiops Truncatus The Common Bottlenose Dolphin In Southern Australian Waters Assessed Using Genetic Markers And Morphology
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Author : Kate Charlton
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Species Status And Population Structure Of The Newly Described Tursiops Australis The Burrunan Dolphin And Tursiops Truncatus The Common Bottlenose Dolphin In Southern Australian Waters Assessed Using Genetic Markers And Morphology written by Kate Charlton and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
Taxonomic relationships and affinities within the cetacean genus Tursiops have been plagued with controversy, with historically upwards of 20 species being described and later all synonymised with the common bottlenose dolphin T. truncatus. Numerous studies have demonstrated that Tursiops is polyphyletic. Tursiops truncatus is morphologically and genetically diverse and exhibits distinct 'ecotypes' with coastal/inshore popUlations often distinct from offshore populations. Recently, a 'worldwide distribution form' of T. truncatus has been hypothesised, suggesting interconnection on an evolutionary time-scale and long¬distance dispersal. However, a second distinct Tursiops species, the Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin T. aduncus has recently been formally recognised, based on morphological and mitochondrial DNA data. Similar to other regions, south-eastern Australia has two 'bottlenose' dolphin types, a small coastal form being distinct from a larger offshore form. My thesis examines the specific affinities of these south-eastern Australian dolphins using morphology and genetic analyses, and examines the genetic population structure and potential drivers of population differentiation of these marine mammals, with a particular view to assisting with appropriate conservation management for threatened inshore populations. Small coastal dolphins endemic to south-eastern Australia have variously been assigned to described species Tursiops truncatus, T. aduncus or T. maugeanus; however the specific affinities of these animals is controversial and have recently been questioned. Historically 'the southern Australian Tursiops' was identified as unique and was formally named Tursiops maugeanus, but was later synonymised with T. truncatus. Morphologically, these coastal dolphins share some characters with both aforementioned recognised Tursiops species, however they also possess unique characters not found in either. Recent mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite genetic evidence indicated deep evolutionary divergence between this dolphin and the two currently recognised species. I describe the macro-morphological, colouration and cranial characters of these coastal dolphins, assess the available and new genetic data, and conclude that multiple lines of evidence clearly indicate a new species of dolphin. Together with colleagues, we demonstrate that the syntype material of T. maugeanus comprises two different species, one of which is genetically most similar to T. truncatus, and the other is representative of the new species and requires formal classification. These coastal dolphins are now described as Tursiops australis, with the common name of 'Burrunan Dolphin' following Australian aboriginal narrative (Chapter Two -Charlton-Robb et al. 2011). The recognition of T. australis is particularly significant given the endemism of this new species to a small geographic region of southern and south-eastern Australia, where only two small resident populations in close proximity to a major urban and agricultural centre are known, giving them a high conservation value and making them susceptible to numerous anthropogenic threats. The two resident populations of T. australis at the eastern end of their range occur in Port Phillip Bay and the Gippsland Lakes, both of which are semi-enclosed water bodies along coastal Victoria. While T. australis is also found in South Australia and Tasmania, little is known about the population status and migration of these animals across their known range. To better understand breeding and movement patterns that would aid conservation management, I apply genetic tools to examine population structure, migration and family structure of T. australis (Chapter Three). Two regions of the mitochondrial DNA (the control region (-450bp) and cytochrome b (-1200bp)) and ten chromosomal microsatellite regions are used to assess population structure. Biopsy samples were collected from Port Phillip Bay, the Gippsland Lakes live populations and from beach-cast strandings across both Victoria and Tasmania (n=159). Genetic analyses, using both the maternal and bi-parental markers, revealed two distinct populations across the south-eastern Australian region; the Port Phillip Bay population being significantly differentiated from the Gippsland Lakes and Tasmanian popUlation. The data also suggest female philopatry and male biased dispersal across the region. Common bottlenose dolphins, T. truncatus, also reside in south-eastern Australian waters. Chapter Four examines the genetic diversity and population structure of T. truncatus in south¬eastern Australia using biopsy samples from free-ranging animals and samples from stranded animals (ranging from single to mass strandings) (n=83). Ten micro satellite markers and two mtDNA sequences (control region and cytochrome b) revealed high levels of genetic diversity. Two groups with overlapping ranges were found; animals stranding on King Island (in central Bass Strait, north west of Tasmania) and at Point Hibbs (on the south-western tip of Tasmania) formed one group that was differentiated from the second group consisting of all remaining samples corning from widespread Tasmanian and Victorian coastal regions. These two groups most likely represent an 'offshore' and a 'coastal' ecotype of T. truncatus in this region, respectively. I found a greater proportion of parent-offspring and/or full-sibling pairs within, as opposed to between, sampling events, indicating natal philopatry within pods and/or populations. In addition, control region haplotypes were compared with 77 haplotypes from numerous populations and ocean basins worldwide. Similarly to other worldwide studies on T. truncatus, a complex phylogenetic network with no distinct clustering of the south-eastern dolphins was discovered, suggesting whilst these animals are clearly forming two distinct populations within this region, on a worldwide scale they both represent the 'world-wide distribution form'. In addition, I contributed to three other collaborative studies: the first presents the genetic data that first highlighted T. australis as a potential new species, based on a small sample size of the mtDNA control region (Charlton et al. 2006); the second was a study investigating Tursiops and Delphinus species along eastern, south-eastern and southern Australia that presents multi-gene evidence for a distinct new species (Moller et al. 2008), and the final study used stable isotope signatures of both T. australis (reported as SABD) and T. truncatus from south-eastern Australia to demonstrate species level distinction in isotope signatures indicating the two species are feeding on different prey and likely foraging in different areas (Owen et aI., 2011). Lastly, in order to conserve and protect T. australis popUlations in Victorian waters, I submitted a nomination for threatened species listing of T. australis under the Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988 (Department of Sustainability and Environment: Victorian Sate Government). These four documents are provided as attachments to this thesis.
Genetic Diversity And Population Structure Of The Common Bottlenose Dolphin Tursiops Truncatus In Two Areas Of The Colombian And Panamanian Caribbean Inferred From Mitochondrial Control Region
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Author : María Alejandra Duarte Fajardo
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017*
Genetic Diversity And Population Structure Of The Common Bottlenose Dolphin Tursiops Truncatus In Two Areas Of The Colombian And Panamanian Caribbean Inferred From Mitochondrial Control Region written by María Alejandra Duarte Fajardo and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017* with categories.
The common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) is a cosmopolitan species distributed widely, so it has been reported two forms or ecotypes: the "inshore form" and the "worldwide distributed form" (WDF). Although this is one of the most studied cetaceans, several coastal populations are poorly studied. Indeed, the gap of genetic information in the Atlantic Sea is one of the main obstacle for their conservation to local level. Particularly in the Colombian Caribbean, there is not genetic studies related with bottlenose dolphins, and most studies have been focused in occurrence and habitat use. In this study, we used 18 skin samples from bottlenose dolphins obtained using a remote biopsy system (PAXARMS), and through of molecular tools we assessed the genetic diversity and population structure of two populations, one located in Bocas del Toro (BDT) (Panama, n=15) and the other one in La Guajira (Colombia, n=3). This was accomplished through amplification of a partial portion of mitochondrial Control Region (~750 pb). The haplotypes obtained were compared to previously published sequences from the Caribbean (n=43). The samples from Bocas del Toro shared the same unique "inshore" haplotype reported previously for this area, and samples from La Guajira represent three new haplotypes of the WDF, not reported before in the Caribbean. Analyses of population structure revealed two population units for the Caribbean: BDT(Panama)-Bahamas-Cuba-Mexico and Colombia-CostaRica-Honduras-PuertoRico. Our results suggest that dolphins in La Guajira are grouped only with individuals of the WDF, and not with individuals of both "inshore form" and WDF, as it has been reported previously. These findings show the importance of genetic studies in the Caribbean to assess the real conservation status of T. truncatus. Furthermore, our findings suggest that La Guajira is a transient area for bottlenose dolphins in the Caribbean. More studies are needed to confirm these hypotheses.
Age Growth And Population Dynamics Of Common Bottlenose Dolphins Tursiops Truncatus Along Coastal Texas
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Author : Rachel Dawn Neuenhoff
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Age Growth And Population Dynamics Of Common Bottlenose Dolphins Tursiops Truncatus Along Coastal Texas written by Rachel Dawn Neuenhoff and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.
Common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) are apex predators and indicators of localized ecosystem health. Accurate characterization of population demography is crucial to parameter predictions. However, descriptions of age growth investigations of odontocetes are limited to the postnatal life. In contrast, the modeled scenario for terrestrial mammalian growth has been described along a continuum of pre- and postnatal data. Few age distribution data exist for the western Gulf of Mexico despite the fact that life tables enable demographic comparisons among populations. The objective of this study was to characterize age, growth, and population-level behavior of bottlenose dolphins along Texas. This objective was accomplished by two discrete studies: age analysis, and population-level behavior. Teeth from 290 stranded individuals were extracted for the purposes of age determination. Curvilinear models (the Gompertz and the von Bertalanffy) were fit to postnatal length-at-age data. Fetal age was determined for 408 suspected fetal length records using validated fetal growth trends and empirical measurements from late-term fetuses. Growth analysis indicated that a Gompertz model fit length-at-age data better than a von Bertalanffy model. A postnatal Gompertz model explained less variation than a combined pre- and postnatal model (R2 = 0.9 and 0.94 respectively). The absolute growth rate and rate of growth decay tripled with the inclusion of fetal length and age data. In the second study, life tables were constructed for 280 individuals. Survivorship curves, mortality rates, intrinsic capacity for increase, and the population growth rate were calculated. Bottlenose dolphin mortality did not differ significantly by sex or age class. Survivorship was best characterized by a type III curve. Analyses indicated no substantial increase (r = -0.07), and that the population is not replacing itself in the next time-step ([lambda] = 0.93). Bottlenose dolphins conform to a number of eutherian mammalian trends: the production of precocial young, calving seasonality, and rapid fetal growth rate. Population level behavior suggests a population retraction possibly as a compensatory response to ecosystem perturbation rather than a population decline. Reproductive information will confirm population status and stability in the future. This study is the first to demonstrate a significant impact of cetacean fetal growth parameters on postnatal growth trajectory.
Population Structure And Group Relatedness Of Bottlenose Dolphins Tursiops Truncatus In The Coastal Gulf Of Mexico Using Mitochondrial Dna And Nuclear Microsatellite Markers
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Author : Anna B. Sellas
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2002
Population Structure And Group Relatedness Of Bottlenose Dolphins Tursiops Truncatus In The Coastal Gulf Of Mexico Using Mitochondrial Dna And Nuclear Microsatellite Markers written by Anna B. Sellas and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Bottlenose dolphin categories.