A Study Of The Influence Of Secondary Reinforcement Upon Generalization Decrement
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A Study Of The Influence Of Secondary Reinforcement Upon Generalization Decrement
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Author : Robert E. Pawlicki
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1965
A Study Of The Influence Of Secondary Reinforcement Upon Generalization Decrement written by Robert E. Pawlicki and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1965 with Learning, Psychology of categories.
It is felt that while secondary reinforcement appears similar to primary reinforcement, its similarities should be verified by empirical investigation. The present experiment was concerned with the influence of secondary reinforcement upon generalization decrement. The usual definition of generalization decrement that is found may be represented by that of Kimple and Garmezy: "The loss of response strength which occurs when a response is elicited by a stimulus other than the original stimulus." Such definitions of the construct are inadequate on two grounds. First, the implication is made that generalization decrement is peculiar to classical conditioning in spite of the fact that generalization decrement has been demonstrated in studies using operant conditioning procedures by their focusing on the conditioned stimulus. Second, their definition does not reflect the actual operations employed in those studies which have demonstrated generalization decrement. Those studies dealing specifically with generalization decrement have investigated the effects of differences between intertrial invervals between acquisition and extinction on resistance to extinction. In this study, also, generalization decrement was defined as a decrease in the resistance to extinction attributable to differences in intertrial intervals between acquisition and extinction trials. Twenty albino rats were given primary reinforcement and 20 albino rats were given primary plus secondary reinforcement. This was accomplished by conditioning the primary reinforcement group with a food pellet and conditioning the primary plus secondary reinforcement group with a light and buzzer in addition to the food pellet. The primary reinforcement group were then divided into subgroups. Half of the subjects in each group were given similar intertrial intervals between conditioning and extinction while the other half were given dissimilar intertrial intervals between conditioning and extinction. The difference between these latter two groups as measured by resistance to extinction is the operational definition of generalization decrement. It was felt that the group receiving primary plus secondary reinforcement should result in more generalization decrement than the group receiving only primary reinforcement. The data in part s upport this hypothesis.
A Study Of The Effects Of Stimulus Generalization Of Secondary Reinforcement On Maze Learning
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Author : Eugene Hume Barnes
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1949
A Study Of The Effects Of Stimulus Generalization Of Secondary Reinforcement On Maze Learning written by Eugene Hume Barnes and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1949 with categories.
The Effect Of Secondary Reinforcement On The Generalization Of Creative Thinking
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Author : Randall Stephen Cox
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1978
The Effect Of Secondary Reinforcement On The Generalization Of Creative Thinking written by Randall Stephen Cox and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1978 with Creative thinking categories.
The Effect Of Secondary Reinforcement Upon Primary Drive And Upon Extinction Behavior
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Author : Ernestine Barton Cox
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1954
The Effect Of Secondary Reinforcement Upon Primary Drive And Upon Extinction Behavior written by Ernestine Barton Cox and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1954 with categories.
Research Grants Index
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Author : National Institutes of Health (U.S.). Division of Research Grants
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1960
Research Grants Index written by National Institutes of Health (U.S.). Division of Research Grants and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1960 with Medicine categories.
The Influence Of Expectancy And Secondary Reinforcement On Problem Solving
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Author : Kenneth Lawrence Ozmon
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1963
The Influence Of Expectancy And Secondary Reinforcement On Problem Solving written by Kenneth Lawrence Ozmon and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1963 with categories.
The Effects Of Continuous And Partial Primary And Secondary Reinforcement On Resistance To Extinction
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Author : Marjorie O. Brooks
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1955
The Effects Of Continuous And Partial Primary And Secondary Reinforcement On Resistance To Extinction written by Marjorie O. Brooks and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1955 with Conditioned response categories.
Effect Of Secondary Reinforcement On Extinction Following Continuous And Partial Reinforcement Training
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Author : Ganpu Ying
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1996
Effect Of Secondary Reinforcement On Extinction Following Continuous And Partial Reinforcement Training written by Ganpu Ying and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Behaviorism (Psychology) categories.
Influence Of Two Variables Upon Acquired Reinforcing Power When The Secondary Reinforcer Is Used To Establish A New Response In A New Stimulus Situtation
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Author : Rebecca G. Miles
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1964
Influence Of Two Variables Upon Acquired Reinforcing Power When The Secondary Reinforcer Is Used To Establish A New Response In A New Stimulus Situtation written by Rebecca G. Miles and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1964 with Reinforcement (Psychology) categories.
This experiment was designed to determine the relationship between secondary reinforcing power, as indicated by a new-learning measure, and extinction strength of an instrumental approach-to- reward response elicited by S^. To facilitate comparison between conditioned response strength and reinforcing power of S^, two variables presumed to have differential effects upon extinction of the approach response were manipulated. The test procedure also was designed to determine whether a secondary reinforcer would strengthen a new response when that response occurred in a stimulus situation which had never been associated with primary reward. An approach-to-reward response sequence was conditioned to distinctive stimulus aspects of a straight-runway training apparatus. For half of the £s in each of three response-condition groups, the approach response conditioned to was followed by primary reward on 60 per cent of the training trials; the remaining Ss received 100 per cent primary reward during training. There were seven albino rats in each of the six groups called for by the design. Each S experienced 120 trials in the training apparatus, followed by 70 test trials. At the beginning of testing, a distinctive test box was attached to the runway; a lever-pressing response in this box caused a door to open and allowed ^ to proceed through the designated section of the runway and approach the empty food cup. Partial primary reward of the response to had the customary effect upon acquisition strength of the runway responses, in that partial facilitation occurred in the later stages of training. The difference in terminal acquisition strength between partially-and continuously-rewarded Ss, however, was not significant in any of the three response-condition groups. Extinction responding was stronger and more durable after partial than after continuous reward. The response-condition variable had the predicted effect upon extinction performance of continuously-rewarded ^s: (1) a more effortful response sequence was significantly less resistant to extinction than a less effortful response to S^, and (2) performance was stronger when the approach response was conditioned and extinguished under more rather than less similar stimulus conditions. The latter effect also occurred during extinction after partial reward, but the influence of a difference in effortfulness was contrary to predictions. Strength of the secondarily reinforced lever-pressing response was significantly greater after partial than after continuous reward of the response to SN during training, and the response-condition variable had the predicted effect upon lever-pressing performance of all ^s. Despite the similar effects of the treatment variables and similar day-to- day changes in strengths of both responses, there was no significant correlation between lever-pressing speed and extinction strength of the response elicited by . There apparently is no adequate theoretical explanation for this result. The demonstrated capacity of a secondary reinforcer to strengthen a new response in a new stimulus situation was the unique contribution of this experiment. I'Jhen the new lever-pressing response in a distinctive test box was followed by instrumental behavior conditioned to stimuli that had preceded primary reward during training, lever pressing increased in strength and performance was maintained over 70 test trials.
Effects Of Systematic Delay Of Secondary Reinforcement On Acquisition And Extinction Of An Instrumental Response
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Author : Daniel Smothergill
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1964
Effects Of Systematic Delay Of Secondary Reinforcement On Acquisition And Extinction Of An Instrumental Response written by Daniel Smothergill and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1964 with categories.