A Suffocating Nature
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A Suffocating Nature
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Author : Ryan Mark Johnson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
A Suffocating Nature written by Ryan Mark Johnson and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
The story of chemical warfare is that of a relationship between nature, the military, industry, and culture. By the turn of the twentieth century, German industry, especially its chemical companies, came to dominate Europe. Their success brought both considerable economic development and considerable environmental damage from chemical pollution, especially to rivers such as the Rhine and the Emscher. These economic changes made in exchange for landscape degradation conflicted with long-held cultural beliefs in Germany that promoted the beauty of nature and the importance of conserving its aesthetics. The First World War's effect of the environment, including the effects of chemical weaponry, highlighted this paradox on a nationwide scale. In an effort to win the Great War, German military leaders turned to their chemical industry for answers. Using the flat terrain of Western Europe, winds strong enough to push massive toxic clouds, and their extensive knowledge of chemistry, the Germans chose chemical warfare agents based on meteorological conditions and their ability to overcome the obstacles of trench warfare. Millions of acres were doused in chemical clouds and shells, killing every form of life at the front and all but permanently altering the landscape and soils. This created an atmosphere of total environmental war, where chemicals were intentionally used to contaminate land and kill all life for the sake of military gains. The home front also suffered, as in Germany where the levels of chemical contaminants in their rivers were directly linked to the course of the chemical war. Germans wrote numerous diaries, journals, and memoirs that documented the ecological damage caused by these poisonous agents. These visceral descriptions of gas warfare and chemical disasters relating to clean up operations helped to solidify a national picture of what the gas war experience was like, and how many Germans came to see warfare and humanity as a destroyer of nature. Simultaneously, Europeans faced the daunting task of cleaning and repairing their landscapes. Millions of acres of land were contaminated, and tons of chemical ordnance was to be disposed. Yet an antagonistic political climate, steep financial costs, and the German leadership's desire to continue chemical weapons research limited Europeans' ability to restore their land. Their actions resulted in horrific environmental and human consequences, including everything from the contamination of land with buried ordnance to the phosgene cloud catastrophe at Hamburg in 1928. Not only did the damage caused by chemical weaponry force German military officials to rethink military operations and tactics, chemical weapons also compelled the German people to solidify new cultural relationships between war and nature, specifically those which took environmental damage into account when thinking about the war experience. German artistic and written culture at that time reflected the environmental damage through pacifistic and anti-technological lenses, creating a framework where modern environmentalism could take shape. Ultimately, the use of chemical weapons for military gain shaped German cultural attitudes and changed European landscapes. It ushered in a new form of total war, and demonstrated how the environment directly influenced both the outcome of the chemical war in the field but also German cultural beliefs regarding the relationship between nature and warfare.
Forensic Medicine
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Author : Laszlo Buris
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Forensic Medicine written by Laszlo Buris and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Medical categories.
"Forensic Medicine", written by L. Buris, Professor of Forensic Medicine at the Debrecen Medical University in Hungary, is an informative and practice-oriented review of the topic. The book contains essential data and references of forensic medicine, both in theoretical and practical aspects. It gives a pathological, pathophysiological and biochemical interpretation of various alterations with the up-to-date results of forensic medical research as well.
Natural Philosophy
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1838
Natural Philosophy written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1838 with categories.
The Works Of Benjamin Franklin
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Author : Benjamin Franklin
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1882
The Works Of Benjamin Franklin written by Benjamin Franklin and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1882 with United States categories.
Nature
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Author : Sir Norman Lockyer
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1886
Nature written by Sir Norman Lockyer and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1886 with Electronic journals categories.
Nature
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1886
Nature written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1886 with categories.
A Natural History Of Human Emotions
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Author : Stuart Walton
language : en
Publisher: Grove/Atlantic, Inc.
Release Date : 2007-12-01
A Natural History Of Human Emotions written by Stuart Walton and has been published by Grove/Atlantic, Inc. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-12-01 with Psychology categories.
A “fresh and entertaining” survey of the human emotional landscape—and how it has shifted over the centuries (Kirkus Reviews). Using Charles Darwin’s survey of emotions as a starting point, Stuart Walton’s A Natural History of Human Emotions examines the history of each of our core emotions—fear, anger, disgust, sadness, jealousy, contempt, shame, embarrassment, surprise, and happiness—and how these emotions have influenced both cultural and social history. We learn that primitive fear served as the engine of religious belief, while a desire for happiness led to humankind’s first musings on achieving a perfect utopia. Challenging the notion that human emotion has remained constant, A Natural History of Human Emotions explains why, in the last 250 years, society has changed its unwritten rules for what can be expressed in public and in private. Like An Intimate History of Humanity and Near a Thousand Tables, Walton’s A Natural History of Human Emotions is a provocative examination of human feelings and a fascinating take on how emotions have shaped our past.
The Natural History Of Man Africa
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Author : John George Wood
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1868
The Natural History Of Man Africa written by John George Wood and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1868 with Black race categories.
A London Encyclopaedia Or Universal Dictionary Of Science Art Literature And Practical Mechanics
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Author : Thomas Curtis
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1829
A London Encyclopaedia Or Universal Dictionary Of Science Art Literature And Practical Mechanics written by Thomas Curtis and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1829 with Aeronautics categories.
Recreations In Agriculture Natural History Arts And Miscellaneous Literature
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Author : James Anderson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1799
Recreations In Agriculture Natural History Arts And Miscellaneous Literature written by James Anderson and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1799 with Agriculture categories.