A Survey Report On The Use And Availability Of Insecticide Treated And Untreated Bed Nets In Zanzibar
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A Survey Report On The Use And Availability Of Insecticide Treated And Untreated Bed Nets In Zanzibar
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Author : Wahida Maabad Mohammed
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
A Survey Report On The Use And Availability Of Insecticide Treated And Untreated Bed Nets In Zanzibar written by Wahida Maabad Mohammed and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with categories.
Long Lasting Insecticide Treated Bed Nets Confer Indirect Protective Effects Against Malaria In Sub Saharan Africa
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Author : Samantha Smith
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020-05-04
Long Lasting Insecticide Treated Bed Nets Confer Indirect Protective Effects Against Malaria In Sub Saharan Africa written by Samantha Smith and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-05-04 with Malaria categories.
The purpose of the project was to evaluate the indirect and direct protection conferred by community-level use of insecticide treated bed nets (ITNs) on occurrence of malaria in children under the age of five in sub-Saharan Africa. A total of 32 336 children under five were included in this cross sectional study of publically available Malaria Indicator Survey data collected between 2009 and 2017. Preliminary analyses identified confounding effects of household socioeconomic status, maternal education, urbanity, age of bednets, existence of standing water located near the respondents, and IRS use. For each country and corresponding year, the crude and adjusted odds ratios along with direct, indirect and total effects of ITN use were estimated. Neighborhood coverage levels of 50-100% and the use of an ITN prevented 8.1 (95% CI: 4.8 -11.1) cases per 100 children under 5, supporting the presence of protective total effects. The overall estimate of direct effects indicated that individuals who lived in a neighborhood coverage between 0-25% and 25-50% ITN coverage and were considered ITN users had a reduction of 2.9 malaria cases per 100 children compared to ITN non-users (95% CI: 0.9-4.7 and 0.7-4.8, respectively). Living in a neighborhood with 50-100% ITN coverage resulted in a reduction of 6.1 cases per 100 children for ITN non-users (95% CI: 2.7-9.7), supporting that there was significant indirect protection. Results for country and year specific data varied for total, direct, and indirect effects.
Towards Malaria Elimination
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Author : Sylvie Manguin
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2018-07-18
Towards Malaria Elimination written by Sylvie Manguin and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-07-18 with Medical categories.
Towards Malaria Elimination - A Leap Forward was started to mark the occasion for renewed commitment to end malaria transmission for good (the WHO's call for "Malaria Free World" by 2030). This book is dedicated for the benefit of researchers, scientists, program and policy managers, students and anyone interested in malaria and other mosquito-borne diseases with the goal of sharing recent information on success stories, innovative control approaches and challenges in different regions of the world. Some main issues that emerged included multidrug-resistant malaria and pandemic risk, vaccines, cross-border malaria, asymptomatic parasite reservoir, the threat of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium knowlesi, insecticide resistance in Anopheles vectors and outdoor malaria transmission. This book is one little step forward to bring together in 17 chapters the experiences of malaria-expert researchers from five continents to present updated information on disease epidemiology and control at the national/regional level, highlighting the constraints, challenges, accomplishments and prospects of malaria elimination.
Determinants For Exposure To Mosquitoes And Bed Net Use Behavior In The Context Of The New Nets Project In Rwanda
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Author : Isabella Nevi Fabens
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021
Determinants For Exposure To Mosquitoes And Bed Net Use Behavior In The Context Of The New Nets Project In Rwanda written by Isabella Nevi Fabens and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with categories.
The effectiveness of any insecticide-treated mosquito net (ITN) or long-lasting insecticidal net (LLIN) is greatly influenced by the consistency of its use. Insights from user perspectives are crucial for monitoring and informing implementation strategies, including effective marketing and educational campaigns focused on using nets to reduce malaria transmission. Using qualitative data from Rwanda, this study seeks to understand how daily activities are related to risk of malaria transmission as well as understand facilitators and barriers to effective LLIN usage. Research Assistants conducted 18 key informant interviews (KIIs) and three focus group discussions (FGDs) with a total of 46 participants. KIIs and FGDs used semi-structured interview guides that covered topics related to activities that participants engaged in at various times of the day, knowledge of malaria treatment and prevention, beliefs around which types of people are more likely to get malaria, direct experience with malaria, and bed net acquisition and use. KIIs and FGDs were conducted in Kinyarwanda, and audio recorded. The research team used NVivo 1.3.1 to code transcripts. Participants reported engaging in routine activities which put them at risk for malaria during times when Anopheles mosquitoes were more likely to bite, such as leaving early in the morning to work in the hills, preparing dinner in the evening, coming home from the market late, working as night security guards, fetching water, going out to bars or visiting friends. Study participants were well aware that mosquitoes caused malaria, knew about or had directly experienced malaria symptoms, and knew why and how to use a bed net. The biggest barrier to using a net was lack of access. Other common reasons for not using a net include physical discomfort or concerns with the net chemicals, logistical challenges of hanging the net, or engaging in routine work or social activities during mosquito biting times. The largest barrier to net use was lack of access to one, which could be remedied by allowing all socioeconomic groups to be eligible to receive a net, and to ensure that there is one net distributed per sleeping space. Government distributions of nets should include both conical and rectangular nets as options to reduce logistical barriers of hanging a net. Results from this study could assist the National Malaria Control Program in Rwanda and to improve the impact of its bed net program.
Long Lasting Insecticide Treated Bed Nets In Pakistan
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Author : Nelofer Amir
language : en
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
Release Date : 2013
Long Lasting Insecticide Treated Bed Nets In Pakistan written by Nelofer Amir and has been published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
This study was conducted in the rural part of district Mardan, Pakistan, which is highly prevalent for Malaria.We assessed perceptions of the community regarding use of Long Lasting Insecticide Treated Nets(LLINS). The respondents showed excellent knowledge (94.5%) with fair attitude (63.8%) and good practices (100%) using LLINs. The respondents needed more health education on use of LLINs for pregnant women and children under five. LLINs should, therefore, be made easily and free of cost available for the community to make intervention sustainable, and to decrease malaria prevalence. In this respect, Non-governmental Organizations (NGOs) and Community-Based Organization (CBOs) should also be involved in raising awareness, and making the LLINs available to the populations.
Utilization Of Insecticide Treated Mosquito Nets
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Author : John Bosco Bashinyora
language : en
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
Release Date : 2011-04
Utilization Of Insecticide Treated Mosquito Nets written by John Bosco Bashinyora and has been published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-04 with categories.
Insecticide- treated nets are the most powerful malaria control tool if used correctly. Yet up to date, malaria continues to be the leading cause of child mortality and morbidity in Sub-saharan Africa. This book provides insights on intra-household factors that affect the utilization of ITNs in households with children under five. These factors that affected utilization include; type of household structure, number of people sleeping in the household, intra-household gender relations, sleeping arrangements, disruption of sleeping patterns due to visitors and cultural rituals and functions. These factors affect consistency in utilization of ITNs and proper deployment. Therefore, public-private partnership needs to be adapted by policy makers in health departments to ensure availability of ITNs and insecticides in local shops and other outlets including arrangements at village level to re-treat the nets, the economic level of caregivers should be boosted to counteract the financial inadequacies, adoption of a behavior change strategy to transform caregivers' perceptions, cultural beliefs, practices, customs and attitudes; and massive education of the community
Factors Affecting The Utilization Of Insecticide Treated Bed Net
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Author : Mengistu Handiso
language : en
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
Release Date : 2012-06
Factors Affecting The Utilization Of Insecticide Treated Bed Net written by Mengistu Handiso and has been published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-06 with categories.
Background: Malaria had been a major problem for Sub Saharan Africa and Ethiopia for long. Recognizing the problem the Role back malaria initiative is aiming to decrease the disease burden and working since 1998. Due to mass killing effect of ITN on vector it prevent the community and may also extend to non-user. Considering this measures ITNs are being distributed widely. But many field issues pertaining to their use are not answered in the Ethiopian situation. The objective of the study: Is to determine factors affecting the utilization of ITN in under five children and pregnant women in Shashogo Woreda, where the ets were distributed for free. Methods and materials: A cross sectional study was conducted by using both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The source populations were all households in Urban and Rural areas of Shashogo Woreda. Study subjects were pregnant women and under-five child with in selected household. The data collectors were interview the head of household or their spouse in the absence of head by using structured questionnaire and were fill the check list by inspecting the bed net. First a cross sectional survey which includes interviewer administered
Predictors Of Insecticide Treated Mosquito Net Use In Malaria Endemic Regions
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Author : Saranya Rajagopal
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Predictors Of Insecticide Treated Mosquito Net Use In Malaria Endemic Regions written by Saranya Rajagopal and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
Malaria remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Recommended prevention strategies in the general population include indoor residual spraying and the use of insecticide-treated nets. However, current progress towards the adoption and implementation of these strategies has been slow and several countries lag behind the 2010 Roll Back Malaria Partnership target of 80% uptake. We undertook a systematic literature review and meta-analysis to examine the predictors of net use among the general population in malaria-endemic regions and explore the associations between bed net use and household and individual-level factors. We systematically collected published literature on factors affecting the use of insecticide-treated nets among the general population in malaria-endemic settings. We searched the Global Health Database, Medline, Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews for studies published in English between January 1, 1990, and September 30, 2013, that examined the association between net use and any of the following factors like socioeconomic status, location of residence, knowledge of malaria transmission, education level, gender, age and the number of nets in a household. Adjusted effect estimates were analyzed using random-effects meta-analyses, with sub-group analyses to evaluate potential sources of variability between studies such as study populations, countries, season of data collection and exposure to mass media campaigns. We used funnel plots and Egger's linear regression to test for publication bias. Of 867 articles reviewed, 21 met the inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis. Knowledge of malaria, education level, number of nets in a household and gender were found to be significant predictors of net use in the general population. Household members who had some knowledge of malaria transmission/ITN (versus no knowledge) and households in possession of more nets (compared to those with fewer nets) were the most likely to use an ITN; the summary estimate of the associated OR was 1.47 (95%CI, 1.29 - 1.66) for the knowledge of malaria and 2.35 (95%CI, 1.80 - 3.07) for households with more vs. fewer ITNs. Men were significantly less likely to use an ITN than women (OR, 0.75; 95%CI, 0.69 - 0.82). Not surprisingly, educated individuals were 23% more likely to sleep under a net compared to those with no education (95%CI, 4% - 44%). Pooled summary estimates suggested little or no influence of factors such as socioeconomic status, age and location of residence. However, the effect of age on ITN use varied significantly by study location (p = 0.03); with older age groups significantly more likely to use nets than younger household members in countries such as Malawi and Nigeria. Findings from our analysis have significant policy implications particularly for countries reporting wide disparities between ITN ownership and use by households in possession of ITNs. Significant barriers to ownership like socioeconomic status and place of residence were not found to impact net use among households in possession of nets suggesting that factors affecting ITN ownership may differ from those influencing net use. Achievement of the MDG target of universal ITN uptake by 2015 relies on the successful implementation of policies that address barriers to both ITN access and utilization; strategies that solely focus on only one of those components are limited in their potential to reduce malaria burden.
Guidelines On The Use Of Insecticide Treated Mosquito Nets For The Prevention And Control Of Malaria In Africa
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1997
Guidelines On The Use Of Insecticide Treated Mosquito Nets For The Prevention And Control Of Malaria In Africa written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with categories.
Saving Lives Buying Time
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Author : Institute of Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2004-09-09
Saving Lives Buying Time written by Institute of Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-09-09 with Medical categories.
For more than 50 years, low-cost antimalarial drugs silently saved millions of lives and cured billions of debilitating infections. Today, however, these drugs no longer work against the deadliest form of malaria that exists throughout the world. Malaria deaths in sub-Saharan Africaâ€"currently just over one million per yearâ€"are rising because of increased resistance to the old, inexpensive drugs. Although effective new drugs called "artemisinins" are available, they are unaffordable for the majority of the affected population, even at a cost of one dollar per course. Saving Lives, Buying Time: Economics of Malaria Drugs in an Age of Resistance examines the history of malaria treatments, provides an overview of the current drug crisis, and offers recommendations on maximizing access to and effectiveness of antimalarial drugs. The book finds that most people in endemic countries will not have access to currently effective combination treatments, which should include an artemisinin, without financing from the global community. Without funding for effective treatment, malaria mortality could double over the next 10 to 20 years and transmission will intensify.