Accidents And Disasters
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Accidents And Disasters
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Author : Satish Chandra
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2023-05-18
Accidents And Disasters written by Satish Chandra and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-05-18 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book deals with the contemporary subject of perception of risk and its influence on accidents and disasters. The contents examine the conventional viewpoints on human errors, incubation of errors, complexity and organisational deviance as a cause for accidents. Work of Mary Douglas with regard to risk, Charles Perrow's work on the normal accident theory and Diane Vaughan's theory on normalisation of deviance are examined from a fresh perspective in this book. It also discusses prominent accidents in aviation, space, nuclear energy, automotive and healthcare, using the pandemic and Boeing 737 Max as a backdrop to study accidents and disasters. It further explores the background and similarities to these events and addresses the core issues such as the state of regulation, the worldview of the sociologists, and proposes that mental models of complex systems, avarice and risk for gain as other possibilities for accidents. Using the concept of nudge in behavioural economics and the Elinor Ostrom’s viewpoint on regulating for common good, it suggests a way forward through the High Reliability Organisation Theory (HRO) leading to enhanced risk perception. The book will be of interest to those who would like to understand the need to incorporate risk perception into regulation, engineers and scientists, professionals and policy makers working in the areas of disaster and risk management, technology areas like aviation, nuclear plants, space and healthcare, students of the sociology of risk and of course the general reader.
Flirting With Disaster
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Author : Marc S. Gerstein
language : en
Publisher: Union Square + ORM
Release Date : 2009-10-23
Flirting With Disaster written by Marc S. Gerstein and has been published by Union Square + ORM this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-10-23 with Social Science categories.
This analysis of catastrophes provides a pathway for those who want to foster truthtelling in their organization and head off disasters in the making. We tend to think of disasters as uncontrollable acts of nature or inevitable accidents. But are such incidents unavoidable or ever truly accidental? The authors of this remarkable book say we actually do have the power to prevent tragedies such as the flooding from Hurricane Katrina, the death toll from dangerous medicines like Vioxx, and the explosion of the Space Shuttle Columbia. Marc Gerstein and Michael Ellsberg insist that disasters need not be inevitable if we learn from history, prepare carefully for the worst case, and speak out when we see danger looming. This revelation makes their compelling study extremely valuable for readers in business, government, medicine, academia—indeed all walks of life. Flirting with Disaster will do for catastrophe what Blink did for intuition, and The Black Swan did for probability: provide a popular audience with an engaging, in-depth view of a complex and important topic. Gerstein and Ellsberg examine the culture of institutions: why even people of good will and inside knowledge underestimate risk; feel psychologically incapable of averting tragedy and unable to pick up the pieces afterward; and don’t come forward forcefully enough to head off catastrophe. They also celebrate those who go beyond the call of duty to save others, including Dr. David Graham of the FDA who courageously stood up to reveal Vioxx’s deadly effects. One such whistleblower contributes both a foreword and an afterword: Daniel Ellsberg, renowned for releasing the Pentagon Papers.
Foundations Of Safety Science
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Author : Sidney Dekker
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2019-04-09
Foundations Of Safety Science written by Sidney Dekker and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-04-09 with Technology & Engineering categories.
How are today’s ‘hearts and minds’ programs linked to a late-19th century definition of human factors as people’s moral and mental deficits? What do Heinrich’s ‘unsafe acts’ from the 1930’s have in common with the Swiss cheese model of the early 1990’s? Why was the reinvention of human factors in the 1940’s such an important event in the development of safety thinking? What makes many of our current systems so complex and impervious to Tayloristic safety interventions? ‘Foundations of Safety Science’ covers the origins of major schools of safety thinking, and traces the heritage and interlinkages of the ideas that make up safety science today. Features Offers a comprehensive overview of the theoretical foundations of safety science Provides balanced treatment of approaches since the early 20th century, showing interlinkages and cross-connections Includes an overview and key points at the beginning of each chapter and study questions at the end to support teaching use Uses an accessible style, using technical language where necessary Concentrates on the philosophical and historical traditions and assumptions that underlie all safety approaches
Destination Disaster
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Author : Andrew J. Brookes
language : en
Publisher: Ian Allan Publishing
Release Date : 2002
Destination Disaster written by Andrew J. Brookes and has been published by Ian Allan Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Law categories.
On any given day, more than four million people around the world take to the air on one of 38,000 flights operated daily by the airlines. The reassuring news is that the fatal accident rate per million flights for large aircraft operations is now about half what is was 10 years ago. It is therefore 20 times safer to get airborne In a commercial airliner than it is to drive to the airport in the first place. More people die annually from falling down the stairs than they do from fatal air crashes. None the less, aircraft accidents do occur, and in the sheer scale of the horror and devastation wrought, it is sometimes hard to bring these statistics into focus. Destination Disaster is Andrew Brookes' latest investigation into the causes and effects of aircraft disasters. It is a responsible and detailed analysis of some of the most noteworthy of recent aircraft accidents. The past few years have been overshadowed by a number of major disasters - some accidental, others deliberate - and the book examines in detail the factors behind these various events.Among significant disasters covered are the loss of the Air France Concorde In Paris in 2000, the crash of golfer Payne Stewart's Learjet In 1999 and the momentous events of 11 September 2001. Deliberately examined in a non-controversial and objective way, the accidents and disasters recorded in Destination Disaster paradoxically emphasise just how safe contemporary flight is. However, as in all things, there remains an element of risk, and the book is a fascinating examination of the issues of safety raised in contemporary aviation.
Lessons From Disaster
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Author : Trevor A. Kletz
language : en
Publisher: IChemE
Release Date : 1993
Lessons From Disaster written by Trevor A. Kletz and has been published by IChemE this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with Chemical industry categories.
This series of essays on safety and loss prevention is aimed at helping the process industries avoid accidents and improve its public image. The central message is the apparent inability of organizations to learn, and retain in the long term, the lessons drawn from accidents. Thus incidents of a similar type recur within the same company at intervals of a decade or so, as personnel involved move on to other jobs.
Unsafety
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Author : Shigeo Atsuji
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-11-15
Unsafety written by Shigeo Atsuji and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-11-15 with Business & Economics categories.
This is the first book to examine the linkages among natural and organizational accidents and disasters in the modern era and clarifies the mechanisms involved and the significance of emerging problems, from the aging of vital infrastructure for the supply of water, gas, oil, and electricity to the breakdown of pensions, healthcare, and other social systems. The book demonstrates how we might check the underlying civilizational collapse and then explore translational systems approaches toward resilient management and policy for sustainability. In Unsafety, the author focuses on the kinds of unnatural disasters and organizational accidents that arise as repercussions of natural hazards. Japan serves as an example, where earthquakes, tsunamis, and typhoons are common, with the Fukushima nuclear disaster as an outstanding case of this link between natural disasters and organizational accidents. Natural and human-made disasters happen worldwide and cause misery through loss of life; destruction of livelihoods as in agriculture, fisheries, and the manufacturing industry; and interruption of urban life. Unsafety from a disaster in one place increases uncertainty elsewhere, presenting urgent issues in all nations for individuals, organizations, regions, and the state. The author explains that one factor in the Fukushima catastrophe, which followed in the wake of the earthquake and tsunami in 2011, was the latent deterioration and aging of systems at all levels from the physical to the social, leading through a chain reaction to unsought and unforeseen consequences. Here, the aging of the nuclear reactor system, the breakdown of safety management, and inappropriate instructions from the regulatory authorities combined to create the three-fold disaster, in which technological, organizational, and governmental dysfunction have been diagnosed as reflecting a “systems pathology” infecting all levels.
Science Of Societal Safety
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Author : Seiji Abe
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-12-11
Science Of Societal Safety written by Seiji Abe and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-12-11 with Social Science categories.
This open access book covers comprehensive but fundamental principles and concepts of disaster and accident prevention and mitigation, countermeasures, and recovery from disasters or accidents including treatment and care of the victims. Safety and security problems in our society involve not only engineering but also social, legal, economic, cultural, and psychological issues. The enhancement needed for societal safety includes comprehensive activities of all aspects from precaution to recovery, not only of people but also of governments. In this context, the authors, members of the Faculty of Societal Safety Science, Kansai University, conducted many discussions and concluded that the major strategy is consistent independently of the type and magnitude of disaster or accident, being also the principle of the foundation of our faculty. The topics treated in this book are rather widely distributed but are well organized sequentially to provide a clear understanding of the principles of societal safety. In the first part the fundamental concepts of safety are discussed. The second part deals with risks in the societal and natural environment. Then follows, in the third part, a description of the quantitative estimation of risk and its assessment and management. The fourth part is devoted to disaster prevention, mitigation, and recovery systems. The final, fifth part presents a future perspective of societal safety science. Thorough reading of this introductory volume of societal safety science provides a clear image of the issues. This is largely because the Japanese have suffered often from natural disasters and not only have gained much valuable information about disasters but also have accumulated a store of experience. We are still in the process of reconstruction from the Great East Japan earthquake and the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident. This book is especially valuable therefore in studying the safety and security of people and their societies.
Engineering Catastrophes
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Author : J. F. Lancaster
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2005-07-22
Engineering Catastrophes written by J. F. Lancaster and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-07-22 with Health & Fitness categories.
There is much to be gained from the study of catastrophes. Likewise the records of accidents in industry and transport are of great importance, not only by indicating trends in the incidence of loss or casualties, but also as a measure of human behaviour. The third edition of this well received book places emphasis on the human factor, with the first two chapters providing a method of analysing the records of accident and all-cause mortality rates to show their relationship with levels of economic development and growth rates, and to make suggestions as to the way in which such processes may be linked. Case histories are given throughout the book. These are designed to show how human frailty, or the unexpected weakness of materials, or a combination of both, can lead to dire and tragic circumstances. Understand why disasters occur and how they could have been avoided Emphasis is placed on the human factor in catastrophes Case studies illustrate the factors that can lead to dire and tragic circumstances
Disasters Accidents And Crises In American History
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Author : Ballard C. Campbell
language : en
Publisher: Infobase Publishing
Release Date : 2008
Disasters Accidents And Crises In American History written by Ballard C. Campbell and has been published by Infobase Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with History categories.
Presents a chronologically-arranged reference to catastrophic events in American history, including natural disasters, economic depressions, riots, murders, and terrorist attacks.
Mapping The Impacts Of Recent Natural Disasters And Technological Accidents In Europe
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Author : David Saurí i Pujol
language : en
Publisher: Luxembourg : Office for Official Publications of the European Communities
Release Date : 2004
Mapping The Impacts Of Recent Natural Disasters And Technological Accidents In Europe written by David Saurí i Pujol and has been published by Luxembourg : Office for Official Publications of the European Communities this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Medical categories.
Between 1998 and 2002, natural disasters and technological accidents in Europe affected more than seven million people and caused at least 60 billion euro in insured losses alone. This report examines the environmental, human and economic costs of such incidents, mainly for the years 1998-2002, but including preliminary information for 2003 where available. Natural disasters are taken to include floods, storms, forest fires, droughts, landslides and earthquakes, whilst technological accidents include oil spills, industrial and mining accidents.