Actinides And The Environment
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Actinides And The Environment
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Author : P.A. Sterne
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 1998-02-28
Actinides And The Environment written by P.A. Sterne and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998-02-28 with Science categories.
The handling of actinides and actinide-based materials provides significant technological challenges due to the toxicity and radioactivity associated with these materials. These challenges are particularly apparent in the nuclear power industry. Under normal operation, a reactor can produce a significant amount of spent fuel requiring subsequent containment for geologic times, and under accident conditions it can release lethal doses of radioactive material to the environment. Inevitably, radioactive material will enter the environment, necessitating as complete an understanding as possible of its behavior. An understanding of the interaction between actinides and the environment must be based on a knowledge of their basic physical and chemical properties. To date, although there is general agreement on the principles for waste disposal, no facility has been built for the long term disposal of high level radioactive waste from either normal reactor operations or from accidental catastrophes. This makes it most important for the scientific and technical community to develop the necessary cross-disciplinary understanding that will help us implement safe and secure waste management, accident remediation and accident prevention systems.
Chemistry Of Actinides In The Environment
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Author : G. R. Choppin
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1988
Chemistry Of Actinides In The Environment written by G. R. Choppin and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1988 with categories.
Actinides In The Environment And Their Uptake By Man
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Author : Edward A. Martell
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1975
Actinides In The Environment And Their Uptake By Man written by Edward A. Martell and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1975 with Actinide elements categories.
Long Term Risk From Actinides In The Environment
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2000
Long Term Risk From Actinides In The Environment written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with categories.
The overall goal of the study is to quantify the mobility of soil actinides from all three modes of mobility: wind erosion, water erosion, and vertical migration. We are conducting a set of studies at DOE facilities where actinide kinetics are of concern, particularly Rocky Flats, Hanford, and WIPP. Wind erosion is being quantified using spatially-distributed aerosol measurements, including finely time-resolved measurements, and will be correlated with meteorological and ground cover conditions. Water erosion is being quantified using rainfall simulator experiments in the field to measure vertical and horizontal changes in the tracer distribution. Vertical migration is being studied using tracers in soil columns to quantify the effects of various biological and weathering processes. The results are being integrated using a modeling approach, building on existing code and modifying the predictions based on experimental results.
Actinides In The Environment
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1976
Actinides In The Environment written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1976 with categories.
Long Term Risk From Actinides In The Environment
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1998
Long Term Risk From Actinides In The Environment written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with categories.
The mobility of actinides in surface soils is a key issue of concern at several DOE facilities in arid and semiarid environments, including Rocky Flats, Hanford, Nevada Test Site, Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, and Los Alamos National Laboratory and the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP). Key sources of uncertainty in assessing Pu mobility are the magnitudes of mobility resulting from three modes of transport: (1) wind erosion, (2) water erosion, and (3) vertical migration. Each of these three processes depend on numerous environmental factors and they compete with one another, particularly for actinides in very shallow soils ((approximately) 1 \265m). The overall goal of the study is to quantify the mobility of soil actinides from all three modes. The authors study is using field measurements, laboratory experiments, and ecological modeling to address these three processes at three DOE facilities where actinide kinetics are of concern: WIPP, Rocky Flats, and Hanford. Wind erosion is being measured with suite of monitoring equipment, water erosion is being studied with rainfall simulation experiments, vertical migration is being studied in controlled laboratory experiments, and the three processes are being integrated using ecological modeling. Estimates for clean up of soil actinides for the extensive tracts of DOE land range to hundreds of billion $ in the US Without studies of these processes, unnecessary clean-up of these areas may waste billions of dollars and cause irreparable ecological damage through the soil removal. Further, the outcomes of litigation against DOE are dependent on quantifying the mobility of actinides in surface soils. This report provides a summary of work for the first year of a 3-year project; subcontracts to collaborating institutions (Colorado State University and New Mexico State University) were not in place until late December 1997, and hence this report focuses on the results of the 5 months from January through May 1998. The major result to date is a review of literature on the potential for using soil concentrations of 137Cs and 241Am as tracers for plutonium in soil. Measurements of 239Pu contamination in the environment are expensive and time consuming, requiring radiochemical analysis and alpha spectroscopy. They evaluated the literature for measurements of 137Cs and 241Am, both of which are more cost-effectively measured by gamma spectrometry, as tracers for Pu in soil. Their results indicate that: significant positive correlation exists between Pu, Cs, and Am in soils and sediments at several locations including Rocky Flats, Los Alamos, and Hanford; atmospheric transport of Pu and Cs from worldwide fallout is essentially the same; the attachment of Pu and Cs to soil particles of various size is very similar; both Pu and Cs movement in the environment correlate well with soil and sediment particle movements; a significant correlation between Pu, Cs, and Am was found in soil as a function of depth, indicating similar vertical migration behavior (most of the activity of these radionuclides is confined to the top 10--20 cm of soil at virtually all locations); most Pu and Cs are strongly absorbed onto clay and organic matter in soils and there is essentially very little leaching of Pu, Am and Cs through soil columns. Based on the above information, they believe that 137Cs and 241Am are excellent tracers for both 239Pu and soil particle transport processes in clay, mineral bearing and/or organic soils. Therefore, Cs and Am would be good tracers for the proposed water erosion and vertical migration work, at least for both Rocky Flats and Hanford. The correlation between Pu and Cs may not be as strong in sandy soil (e.g. WIPP site), however, examination of more data is needed.
The Chemistry Of The Actinide And Transactinide Elements Set Vol 1 6
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Author : L.R. Morss
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2010-10-21
The Chemistry Of The Actinide And Transactinide Elements Set Vol 1 6 written by L.R. Morss and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-10-21 with Science categories.
The fourth edition of "The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements" comprises all chapters in volumes 1 through 5 of the third edition (published in 2006) plus a new volume 6. To remain consistent with the plan of the first edition, “ ... to provide a comprehensive and uniform treatment of the chemistry of the actinide [and transactinide] elements for both the nuclear technologist and the inorganic and physical chemist,” and to be consistent with the maturity of the field, the fourth edition is organized in three parts. The first group of chapters follows the format of the first and second editions with chapters on individual elements or groups of elements that describe and interpret their chemical properties. A chapter on the chemical properties of the transactinide elements follows. The second group, chapters 15-26, summarizes and correlates physical and chemical properties that are in general unique to the actinide elements, because most of these elements contain partially-filled shells of 5f electrons whether present as isolated atoms or ions, as metals, as compounds, or as ions in solution. The third group, chapters 27-39, focuses on specialized topics that encompass contemporary fields related to actinides in the environment, in the human body, and in storage or wastes. Two appendices at the end of volume 5 tabulate important nuclear properties of all actinide and transactinide isotopes. Volume 6 (Chapters 32 through 39) consists of new chapters that focus on actinide species in the environment, actinide waste forms, nuclear fuels, analytical chemistry of plutonium, actinide chalcogenide and hydrothermal synthesis of actinide compounds. The subject and author indices and list of contributors encompass all six volumes.
Actinides In The Environment Papers From A Symposium Presented At The Centennial Meeting Acs Division Of Nuclear Chemistry And Technology
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date :
Actinides In The Environment Papers From A Symposium Presented At The Centennial Meeting Acs Division Of Nuclear Chemistry And Technology written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.
Actinides In The Environment
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1976
Actinides In The Environment written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1976 with categories.
The Chemistry Of The Actinide And Transactinide Elements 3rd Ed Volumes 1 5
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Author : L.R. Morss
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2007-12-31
The Chemistry Of The Actinide And Transactinide Elements 3rd Ed Volumes 1 5 written by L.R. Morss and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-12-31 with Science categories.
The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements is a contemporary and definitive compilation of chemical properties of all of the actinide elements, especially of the technologically important elements uranium and plutonium, as well as the transactinide elements. In addition to the comprehensive treatment of the chemical properties of each element, ion, and compound from atomic number 89 (actinium) through to 109 (meitnerium), this multi-volume work has specialized and definitive chapters on electronic theory, optical and laser fluorescence spectroscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, organoactinide chemistry, thermodynamics, magnetic properties, the metals, coordination chemistry, separations, and trace analysis. Several chapters deal with environmental science, safe handling, and biological interactions of the actinide elements. The Editors invited teams of authors, who are active practitioners and recognized experts in their specialty, to write each chapter and have endeavoured to provide a balanced and insightful treatment of these fascinating elements at the frontier of the periodic table. Because the field has expanded with new spectroscopic techniques and environmental focus, the work encompasses five volumes, each of which groups chapters on related topics. All chapters represent the current state of research in the chemistry of these elements and related fields.