Aerosol Remote Sensing In Polar Regions
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Aerosol Remote Sensing In Polar Regions
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Aerosol Remote Sensing In Polar Regions written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
Multi-year sets of ground-based sun-photometer measurements conducted at 12 Arctic sites and 9 Antarctic sites were examined to determine daily mean values of aerosol optical thickness [tau]([lambda]) at visible and near-infrared wavelengths, from which best-fit values of Ångström's exponent [alpha] were calculated. Analysing these data, the monthly mean values of [tau](0.50 [mu]m) and [alpha] and the relative frequency histograms of the daily mean values of both parameters were determined for winter-spring and summer-autumn in the Arctic and for austral summer in Antarctica. The Arctic and Antarctic covariance plots of the seasonal median values of [alpha] versus [tau](0.50 [mu]m) showed: (i) a considerable increase in [tau](0.50 [mu]m) for the Arctic aerosol from summer to winter-spring, without marked changes in [alpha]; and (ii) a marked increase in [tau](0.50 [mu]m) passing from the Antarctic Plateau to coastal sites, whereas [alpha] decreased considerably due to the larger fraction of sea-salt aerosol. Good agreement was found when comparing ground-based sun-photometer measurements of [tau]([lambda]) and [alpha] at Arctic and Antarctic coastal sites with Microtops measurements conducted during numerous AERONET/MAN cruises from 2006 to 2013 in three Arctic Ocean sectors and in coastal and off-shore regions of the Southern Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans, and the Antarctic Peninsula. Lidar measurements were also examined to characterise vertical profiles of the aerosol backscattering coefficient measured throughout the year at Ny-Ålesund. Satellite-based MODIS, MISR, and AATSR retrievals of [tau]([lambda]) over large parts of the oceanic polar regions during spring and summer were in close agreement with ship-borne and coastal ground-based sun-photometer measurements. An overview of the chemical composition of mode particles is also presented, based on in-situ measurements at Arctic and Antarctic sites. Fourteen log-normal aerosol number size-distributions were defined to represent the average features of nuclei, accumulation and coarse mode particles for Arctic haze, summer background aerosol, Asian dust and boreal forest fire smoke, and for various background austral summer aerosol types at coastal and high-altitude Antarctic sites. The main columnar aerosol optical characteristics were determined for all 14 particle modes, based on in-situ measurements of the scattering and absorption coefficients. Diurnally averaged direct aerosol-induced radiative forcing and efficiency were calculated for a set of multimodal aerosol extinction models, using various Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function models over vegetation-covered, oceanic and snow-covered surfaces. These gave a reliable measure of the pronounced effects of aerosols on the radiation balance of the surface-atmosphere system over polar regions.
Polar Remote Sensing
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Author : Dan Lubin
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2006-08-31
Polar Remote Sensing written by Dan Lubin and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-08-31 with Science categories.
The polar regions, perhaps more than any other places on Earth, give the geophysical scientist a sense of exploration. This sensibility is genuine, for not only is high-latitude ?eldwork arduous with many locations seldom or never visited, but there remains much fundamental knowledge yet to be discovered about how the polar regions interact with the global climate system. The range of opportunities for new discovery becomes strikingly clear when we realize that the high latitudes are not one region but are really two vastly di?erent worlds. The high Arctic is a frozen ocean surrounded by land, and is home to fragile ecosystems and unique modes of human habitation. The Antarctic is a frozen continent without regular human habitation, covered by ice sheets taller than many mountain ranges and surrounded by the Earth’s most forbidding ocean. When we consider global change as applied to the Arctic, we discuss impacts to a region whose surface and lower atmospheric temperatures are near the triple point of water throughout much of the year. The most consistent signatures of climate warming have occurred at northern high latitudes (IPCC, 2001), and the potential impacts of a few degrees increase in surface temperature include a reduction in sea ice extent, a positive feedback to climate warming due to lowering of surface albedo, and changes to surface runo? that might a?ect the Arctic Ocean’s salinity and circulation.
Remote Sensing Of The Earth From Space Atmospheric Correction
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Author : Kirill Y. Kondratyev
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-11-11
Remote Sensing Of The Earth From Space Atmospheric Correction written by Kirill Y. Kondratyev and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-11 with Science categories.
The monograph being proposed for the English-speaking research community is concentrated on the atmospheric correction of satellite images as a part of thematic interpretation procedures while processing remote sensing data. For linguistic reasons a large section of the community may have been unaware of the progress made in Russia in this field of science and technology. Meanwhile, Russia was the first country to launch the first artificial satellite in 1957 and to obtain from space for the first time spectra of the Earth's atmosphere in the 1960's. New applications of the radiation transfer theory for the atmosphere underlying surface system appeared first in Russia in the 1970's. Direct and in verse problems of the atmospheric optics were then formulated giving the scientific basis for studies of natural resources from space. Since that time new mathematical treatments for the atmospheric correction procedures have been widely developed in Russia, including both analytical and numerical tech niques to simulate spectral, angular, and spatial distributions of the outgoing radiation in visual and infrared regions. The authors of the book were at the beginning of the scientific approach. A wide range of mathematical im provements to elaborate polinomial approximations for dependencies between atmospheric radiation field and parameters of space surveying was due to the necessity to process satellite images in real time using special software of ex isted computer means for the studies.
High Latitude Climate And Remote Sensing
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Author : Kirill I︠A︡kovlevich Kondratʹev
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 1996
High Latitude Climate And Remote Sensing written by Kirill I︠A︡kovlevich Kondratʹev and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Nature categories.
A comprehensive treatment of the microwave remote sensing techniques used to monitor alterations in the climate at high latitudes as a principal indicator of larger global climate change. Two Russian scientists and one from Norway present original research, much of it published for the first time in
Aerosol Surface And Cloud Retrieval Using Passive Remote Sensing Over The Arctic
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Author : Soheila Jafariserajehlou
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021
Aerosol Surface And Cloud Retrieval Using Passive Remote Sensing Over The Arctic written by Soheila Jafariserajehlou and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with categories.
The lack knowledge of aerosol optical properties is one of the sources of uncertainty in assessment and projections of the evolution of climate change and the phenomenon of Arctic Amplification. The spatial and temporal change of microphysical, chemical and optical properties of aerosols in the Arctic and the induced effects through direct and indirect radiative forcing of aerosols remain an open question. The cause of this gap in our understanding and therefore in the global aerosol optical thickness (AOT) maps is associated with the difficulty of retrieving aerosol properties over bright surfaces covered with snow and ice. Decoupling a strong surface signal from that of aerosol in the measured top-of-atmosphere reflectance is challenging and still hampered due to remaining unresolved issues in state-of-the-art algorithms. Despite the promising performance of previously-developed methods and ongoing research, there is no published long-term AOT product over polar regions (over land and ocean) to be used for climate studies. In this work, to extend our knowledge about the open issues and improve the existing algorithms, first we focus on the two major obstacles in the retrieval of AOT over snow/ice surfaces: i) cloud identification, and ii) surface properties; Second, we apply the outcome of studying the two mentioned prerequisites to improve the previously-developed aerosol retrieval algorithm called AEROSNOW and create a long-term data record for aerosol optical thickness over the Arctic circle. In the framework of this work, a new cloud identification algorithm called the AATSR/SLSTR Cloud Identification Algorithm (ASCIA) has been developed to screen cloudy scenes in observations of Advanced Along-Track Scanning Radiometer (AATSR) on-board ENVISAT as well as its successor Sea and Land Surface Temperature Radiometer (SLSTR) on-board Sentinel-3. The cloud detection results are verified by comparing them with available cloud products over the Arctic. Furthermore, the cloud product from ASCIA is validated using the ground-based measurements SYNOP, resulting in a promising agreement. In general, ASCIA shows an improved performance in comparison with other algorithms applied to AATSR measurements over snow/ice. For the study of snow surface properties, the reflectance is simulated in a snow-atmosphere system, using the SCIATRAN radiative transfer model, and the results are compared with those of airborne measurements. A sensitivity study is conducted to highlight the importance of having a priori knowledge about snow morphology (size and shape) and atmospheric parameters to minimise the difference between simulated and real world reflectance. The absolute difference between the modelled results and measurements in off-glint regions is generally small and promising. In the final step, we apply the outcome of previous steps in the AEROSNOW algorithm as far as possible within the scope of this work and retrieve AOT over the Arctic circle for the 2002-2012 period with the spatial resolution of 1 km2. The retrieved AOT is validated using ground-based measurements AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET). The results of validation are promising and show the successful performance of the algorithm especially during haze episodes. However, in some cases large differences exist between the retrieved AOT and AERONET measurements for which more statistical and physical analysis are necessary to better understand the cause. Nevertheless, the long-term data record and validation produced hold significant value as are the first attempt to better understand the role of aerosols in the Arctic Amplification over land and ocean on the full Arctic scale.
Polar Remote Sensing
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Author : Robert Massom
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2006-08-31
Polar Remote Sensing written by Robert Massom and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-08-31 with Science categories.
Polar Remote Sensing is a two-volume work providing a comprehensive, multidisciplinary discussion of the applications of satellite sensing. Volume 2 focuses on the ice sheets, icebergs, and interactions between ice sheets and the atmosphere and ocean. It contains information about the applications of satellite remote sensing in all relevant polar related disciplines, including glaciology, meteorology, climate and radiation balance and oceanogaraphy. It also provides a brief review of the state-of-the-art of each discipline, including current issues and questions. Various passive and active remote sensor types are discussed, and the book then concentrates on specific geophysical applications. Its interdisciplinary approach means that major advances and publications are highlighted. Polar Remote Sensing: Ice Sheets summarizes fundamental principles of detectors, imaging and geophysical product retrieval includes a chapter on the important new field of satellite synthetic-aperture radar interferometry is a "one stop shop" for polar remote sensing information contains significant new information on the Earth's polar regions describes sophisticated groundbased remote sensing applications with specific reference to their use in polar regions.
Satellite Aerosol Remote Sensing Over Land
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Author : Alexander A. Kokhanovsky
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2009-08-24
Satellite Aerosol Remote Sensing Over Land written by Alexander A. Kokhanovsky and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-08-24 with Science categories.
Aerosols have a significant influence on the Earth's radiation budget, but there is considerable uncertainty about the magnitude of their effect on the Earth's climate. Currently, satellite remote sensing is being increasingly utilized to improve our understanding of the effect of atmospheric aerosols on the climate system. Satellite Aerosol Remote Sensing Over Land is the only book that brings together in one volume the most up-to-date research and advances in this discipline. As well as describing the current academic theory, the book presents practical applications, utilizing state-of-the-art instrumentation, invaluable to the work of environmental scientists. With contributions by an international group of experts and leaders of correspondent aerosol retrieval groups, the book is an essential tool for all those working in the field of climate change.
Enhancing Nasa S Contributions To Polar Science
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2001-04-23
Enhancing Nasa S Contributions To Polar Science written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-04-23 with Science categories.
The high latitudes of the Arctic and Antarctic, together with some mountainous areas with glaciers and long-lasting snow, are sometimes called the cryosphere-defined as that portion of the planet where water is perennially or seasonally frozen as sea ice, snow cover, permafrost, ice sheets, and glaciers. Variations in the extent and characteristics of surface ice and snow in the high latitudes are of fundamental importance to global climate because of the amount of the sun's radiation that is reflected from these often white surfaces. Thus, the cryosphere is an important frontier for scientists seeking to understand past climate events, current weather, and climate variability. Obtaining the data necessary for such research requires the capability to observe and measure a variety of characteristics and processes exhibited by major ice sheets and large-scale patterns of snow and sea ice extent, and much of these data are gathered using satellites. As part of its efforts to better support the researchers studying the cryosphere and climate, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)-using sophisticated satellite technology-measures a range of variables from atmospheric temperature, cloud properties, and aerosol concentration to ice sheet elevation, snow cover on land, and ocean salinity. These raw data are compiled and processed into products, or data sets, useful to scientists. These so-called "polar geophysical data sets" can then be studied and interpreted to answer questions related to atmosphere and climate, ice sheets, terrestrial systems, sea ice, ocean processes, and many other phenomena in the cryosphere. The goal of this report is to provide a brief review of the strategy, scope, and quality of existing polar geophysical data sets and help NASA find ways to make these products and future polar data sets more useful to researchers, especially those working on the global change questions that lie at the heart of NASA's Earth Science Enterprise.
Satellite Remote Sensing Of Polar Regions
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Author : Robert Massom
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1991
Satellite Remote Sensing Of Polar Regions written by Robert Massom and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991 with Remote sensing categories.
Outlines the evolution of satellite-borne remote sensing of polar regions, evaluates satellites currently in operation, and considers future developments.
Global Change And Remote Sensing
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Author : Kirill I︠A︡kovlevich Kondratʹev
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 1996
Global Change And Remote Sensing written by Kirill I︠A︡kovlevich Kondratʹev and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Nature categories.
Offers insights into the Soviet and Russian experience in remote sensing, places them in an international context, and thoroughly reviews the Russian scientific aircraft and satellite instrumentation for the first time. Discusses the key problems of global environmental change and the role of satell