Air Pollution Sources Statistics And Health Effects
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Air Pollution Sources Statistics And Health Effects
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Author : Michael Evan Goodsite
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2020-09-25
Air Pollution Sources Statistics And Health Effects written by Michael Evan Goodsite and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-09-25 with Science categories.
This volume of the Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology, Second Edition, provides a broad and comprehensive view of air pollution, extending from ground-level, localized air quality and regional and global air quality and effects, to sensors and measurement and air pollution control. Despite substantial improvements in many parts of the world, globally, air pollution remains the most hazardous environmental threat. The increasing quality of exposure assessments, access to new and better statistical methods, and more complete and precise health data have led to stronger associations between air pollution exposure and health effects. Air pollution exposure-effect relationships have now been established for a wide variety of health outcomes, and well documented through parallel studies in many countries around the world using a variety of approaches and methodologies. Assessments of the health effects in the population are now performed on a routine basis in many countries and by many agencies, and often these also include calculation of externalities associated with the negative health effects. Such knowledge is essential for pushing development towards a more sustainable society. This volume covers topics including, but not limited to, basic knowledge to understand foundational concepts and drivers of regional and global air pollution in relation to air quality and ways to sense, measure and control pollutants, while placing this knowledge into the perspectives of health and technological systems.
Air Pollution
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Author : Rajat Sethi
language : en
Publisher: Nova Science Publishers
Release Date : 2013
Air Pollution written by Rajat Sethi and has been published by Nova Science Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Air categories.
Industrial pollution is the largest fountain of air offences in most of the developed world. Statistics from the US Environmental Agency confirm that more than half of the nations total pollution is courtesy of industry. What's more, six out of every ten people in the United States live in urban areas and are currently inhaling these bi-products. Quintessential to this end, is prevention through education; the goal of this publication.
Air Pollution
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Author : Rajat Sethi
language : en
Publisher: Nova Publishers
Release Date : 2014-05-14
Air Pollution written by Rajat Sethi and has been published by Nova Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-05-14 with Science categories.
Industrial pollution is the largest fountain of air offenses in most of the developed world. Statistics from the U.S. Environmental Agency confirm that more than half of the nation's total pollution is courtesy of industry. What's more, six out of every ten people in the United States live in urban areas and are currently inhaling these bi-products. The consequence of air misuse is glaring: approximately four percent of all deaths in the United States are attributed to air pollution. This book highlights the sources and effects of air pollution, and also puts forth solutions. Successful pollution prevention is essential to our future well-being. Quintessential to this end, is prevention through education; the goal of this publication.
Integrated Human Exposure To Air Pollution
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Author : Nuno Canha
language : en
Publisher: MDPI
Release Date : 2021-08-31
Integrated Human Exposure To Air Pollution written by Nuno Canha and has been published by MDPI this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-08-31 with Medical categories.
The book “Integrated human exposure to air pollution” aimed to increase knowledge about human exposure in different micro-environments, or when citizens are performing specific tasks, to demonstrate methodologies for the understanding of pollution sources and their impact on indoor and ambient air quality, and, ultimately, to identify the most effective mitigation measures to decrease human exposure and protect public health. Taking advantage of the latest available tools, such as internet of things (IoT), low-cost sensors and a wide access to online platforms and apps by the citizens, new methodologies and approaches can be implemented to understand which factors can influence human exposure to air pollution. This knowledge, when made available to the citizens, along with the awareness of the impact of air pollution on human life and earth systems, can empower them to act, individually or collectively, to promote behavioral changes aiming to reduce pollutants’ emissions. Overall, this book gathers fourteen innovative studies that provide new insights regarding these important topics within the scope of human exposure to air pollution. A total of five main areas were discussed and explored within this book and, hopefully, can contribute to the advance of knowledge in this field.
Air Pollution And Health
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Author : Robert L. Maynard
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 1999-04-21
Air Pollution And Health written by Robert L. Maynard and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999-04-21 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Concern about the impact of air pollution has led governments and local authorities across the world to regulate, among other things, the burning of fossil fuels, industrial effluence, cigarette smoke, and aerosols. This legislation has often followed dramatic findings about the impact of pollution on human health. At the same time there have been significant developments in our ability to detect and quantify pollutants and a proliferation of urban and rural air pollution networks to monitor levels of atmospheric contamination. Air Pollution and Health is the first fully comprehensive and current account of air pollution science and it impact on human health. It ranges in scope from meteorology, atmospheric chemistry, and particle physics to the causes and scope of allergic reactions and respiratory, cardiovascular, and related disorders. The book has substantial international coverage and includes sections on cost implications, risk assessment, regulation, standards, and information networks. The multidisciplinary approach and the wide range of issues covered makes this an essential book for all concerned with monitoring and regulating air pollution as well as those concerned with its impact on human health. Only comprehensive text covering all the important air pollutants and relating these to human health and regulatory bodies Brings together a wide range of issues concerning air pollution in an easily accessible format Contributions from government agencies in the US and UK provide information on public policy and resource networks in the areas of health promotion and environmental protection
Monitoring Ambient Air Quality For Health Impact Assessment
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Author : World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe
language : en
Publisher: WHO Regional Office Europe
Release Date : 1999
Monitoring Ambient Air Quality For Health Impact Assessment written by World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe and has been published by WHO Regional Office Europe this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Health & Fitness categories.
A guide to the principles and methods of air quality assessment aimed at measuring population exposure to ambient air pollutants and estimating the effects on health. Addressed to policy-makers as well as scientists engaged in air quality monitoring, the book responds to the failure of most monitoring systems to provide data that are useful in estimating and managing threats to health. The need for exposure data on populations at special risk is also addressed. Throughout, emphasis is placed on methods of monitoring and modelling that are cost-effective, targeted, and appropriate to local and national conditions. The report has six chapters. The first introduces WHO activities related to air quality management and explains the need for monitoring systems capable of assessing health impact. The types of information required for health impact assessment are described in chapter two, which outlines several methods of monitoring and modelling that can be used to measure the level and distribution of exposure to air pollutants in populations, identify population groups with high exposure, and estimate adverse effects on health. Chapter three formulates a general concept of air quality assessment, offering advice on principles for designing a monitoring network, interpreting and reporting data, and solving problems with quality assurance. Also included is a comparison of the advantages, disadvantages, and costs of different methods for air quality monitoring. Against this background, the fourth and most extensive chapter describes specific methods for the monitoring of carbon monoxide, ozone, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, particulate matter, benzene, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, lead, and atmospheric cadmium. Monitoring strategies for each pollutant are presented according to a standard format, which covers health effects, sources and exposure patterns, monitoring methods, recommended strategies for monitoring and assessment, and a practical example. The remaining chapters offer advice on the collation, analysis, interpretation, and dissemination of data, and summarize the main conclusions and recommendations of the report. Detailed technical guidelines for the use of various methods and models are provided in a series of annexes. The report also reproduces the newly revised WHO air quality guidelines for Europe.
The Impact Of Air Pollution On Health Economy Environment And Agricultural Sources
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Author : Mohamed Khallaf
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2011-09-26
The Impact Of Air Pollution On Health Economy Environment And Agricultural Sources written by Mohamed Khallaf and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-09-26 with Science categories.
This book aims to strengthen the knowledge base dealing with Air Pollution. The book consists of 21 chapters dealing with Air Pollution and its effects in the fields of Health, Environment, Economy and Agricultural Sources. It is divided into four sections. The first one deals with effect of air pollution on health and human body organs. The second section includes the Impact of air pollution on plants and agricultural sources and methods of resistance. The third section includes environmental changes, geographic and climatic conditions due to air pollution. The fourth section includes case studies concerning of the impact of air pollution in the economy and development goals, such as, indoor air pollution in México, indoor air pollution and millennium development goals in Bangladesh, epidemiologic and economic impact of natural gas on indoor air pollution in Colombia and economic growth and air pollution in Iran during development programs. In this book the authors explain the definition of air pollution, the most important pollutants and their different sources and effects on humans and various fields of life. The authors offer different solutions to the problems resulting from air pollution.
Who Global Air Quality Guidelines
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Author : Weltgesundheitsorganisation
language : en
Publisher: World Health Organization
Release Date : 2021-09-07
Who Global Air Quality Guidelines written by Weltgesundheitsorganisation and has been published by World Health Organization this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-09-07 with Nature categories.
The main objective of these updated global guidelines is to offer health-based air quality guideline levels, expressed as long-term or short-term concentrations for six key air pollutants: PM2.5, PM10, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide. In addition, the guidelines provide interim targets to guide reduction efforts of these pollutants, as well as good practice statements for the management of certain types of PM (i.e., black carbon/elemental carbon, ultrafine particles, particles originating from sand and duststorms). These guidelines are not legally binding standards; however, they provide WHO Member States with an evidence-informed tool, which they can use to inform legislation and policy. Ultimately, the goal of these guidelines is to help reduce levels of air pollutants in order to decrease the enormous health burden resulting from the exposure to air pollution worldwide.
Health Of People Health Of Planet And Our Responsibility
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Author : Wael Al-Delaimy
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-05-13
Health Of People Health Of Planet And Our Responsibility written by Wael Al-Delaimy and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-05-13 with Medical categories.
This open access book not only describes the challenges of climate disruption, but also presents solutions. The challenges described include air pollution, climate change, extreme weather, and related health impacts that range from heat stress, vector-borne diseases, food and water insecurity and chronic diseases to malnutrition and mental well-being. The influence of humans on climate change has been established through extensive published evidence and reports. However, the connections between climate change, the health of the planet and the impact on human health have not received the same level of attention. Therefore, the global focus on the public health impacts of climate change is a relatively recent area of interest. This focus is timely since scientists have concluded that changes in climate have led to new weather extremes such as floods, storms, heat waves, droughts and fires, in turn leading to more than 600,000 deaths and the displacement of nearly 4 billion people in the last 20 years. Previous work on the health impacts of climate change was limited mostly to epidemiologic approaches and outcomes and focused less on multidisciplinary, multi-faceted collaborations between physical scientists, public health researchers and policy makers. Further, there was little attention paid to faith-based and ethical approaches to the problem. The solutions and actions we explore in this book engage diverse sectors of civil society, faith leadership, and political leadership, all oriented by ethics, advocacy, and policy with a special focus on poor and vulnerable populations. The book highlights areas we think will resonate broadly with the public, faith leaders, researchers and students across disciplines including the humanities, and policy makers.
Air Pollution And Community Health
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Author : Frederick W. Lipfert
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 1994-05-17
Air Pollution And Community Health written by Frederick W. Lipfert and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994-05-17 with Science categories.
Air Pollution and Community Health A Critical Review and Data Sourcebook Frederick W. Lipfert Air pollution has affected community health since the advent of the industrial age and arguably since the discovery of fire. While organized societies have taken important steps to reduce and control emissions, the quality of the air we breathe today remains a critical concern. Air Pollution and Community Health transforms the major epidemiological works of the past 40 years into a coherent picture of the effects of air pollution on respiration, hospitalization, and mortality. The book re-evaluates these studies to clarify their findings within a consistent analytical framework and to define statistical relationships between various measures of community health and air quality. Lipfert emphasizes observational studies and the quality of the data used. The book is organized by health endpoint rather than by pollutant, beginning with the major air pollution disasters that helped galvanize the environmental revolution. His analysis shows that community air pollution acts primarily to exacerbate existing conditions in susceptible individuals, rather than to create new cases of respiratory disease. He concludes that "the alarms that sounded over 40 years ago are still ringing"--substantial health risks are still presented by the current urban mixtures of air pollution. Many of the studies reviewed suggest that the current ambient air quality standards required by the Clean Air Act fail to protect the health of the most susceptible individuals. Further, because of the role of natural sources of air pollution, questions are raised as to whether complete protection can ever be achieved. The book presents data from many of the epidemiological studies reviewed, including those of the major disasters of 1930-1960. Graphical presentations are featured for easy reference; many new analyses are presented here for the first time. The book also includes introductory chapters on air pollution, statistical analysis, and respiratory physiology, for the convenience of readers who may not be well versed in all of these topics. The major technical chapters on mortality and hospitalization include reviews of the effects of air pollution episodes, time-series analyses, cross-sectional studies, and long-term studies of pollution abatement. The chapters on respiratory function include both the effects of air pollution on function and the role of lung function as an independent predictor of longevity. Air Pollution and Community Health presents one of the first comprehensive analyses of the subject. It should be used to re-examine the effectiveness of air pollution research and control policies in the United States and is essential reading for all professionals involved in air pollution control or public health.